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Résumé: Le phénomène de la traite des Noirs a laissé une histoire douloureuse et inoubliable dans la pensée des Noirs. Les moralistes, les religieux, les philosophes, les humanistes, les artistes, les écrivains, etc., ne cessent d’en parler dans le monde contemporain, malgré le nombre d’années écoulées (Huberman, G. 2023). Cet article examine l’œuvre littéraire d’Aimé Césaire et met en exergue l’effort qu’a fourni ce dernier pour conserver le phénomène de la traite des Noirs à la mémoire de la génération du monde noir. Pour déclencher nos débats, nous nous sommes posé des questions suivantes : comment Aimé Césaire a-t-il documenté l’histoire de l’Homme noir dans ses ouvrages littéraires et quels sont les avantages que les Noirs peuvent tirés de cette documentation dans le but de revendiquer contre la discrimination raciale ? En passant par la méthode qualitative, nous nous sommes servis de cinq ouvrages d’Aimé Césaire comme sources secondaires et la méthode d’échantillonnage arbitraire où les analyses ont été facilitées par les théories des races, de la civilisation de l’universelle et de l’ethnostylistique. Les résultats de nos analyses ont montré que Césaire par sa justesse et par sa documentation a donné des illustrations qui décrivent le phénomène de la traite des Noirs que l’on peut lire dans ses écrits tels que : Et les Chiens se taisaient, La Tragédie du Roi Christophe, Une Saison au Congo, Une Tempête et Cahier d’un retour au pays natal et qui sont fondées sur le réel. A la lecture de ces ouvrages, on est ému aux larmes par la souffrance des nègres et par la sympathie qu’éprouve Césaire à travers ses expressions stylistiques qui servent de témoignages concrets et qui font appel à un coup de clairon révolutionnaire pour la prise de conscience de la présente et future génération du monde noir contre la discrimination raciale. Mots-clés : traite des Noirs, conserver l’histoire, prise de conscience de la présente et future génération du monde noir contre la discrimination raciale.

Résumé : L’égalité entre les races reste un combat qui, depuis des siècles, préoccupe les défenseurs de droit de l’homme, les politiciens, les gens de médias, les écrivains, les artistes, entre autres dans la vie quotidienne du monde contemporain, Clermidy, B. (2015). Aimé Césaire, écrivain plurilittéraire, a très tôt fait un brusque bond dans ce combat à l’âge de dix-sept ans. Cet article consiste à faire une juxtaposition entre « Le retour d’un enfant Prodigue » et « Cahier d’un retour au pays natal » d’Aimé Césaire afin de voir comment la prise de conscience de Césaire a influencé l’émancipation de la race noire contre la discrimination raciale. Pour faire avancer nos investigations, nous nous sommes posés les questions suivantes : Quelles similarités existent entre le Retour d’un enfant prodigue et le Cahiers d’un retour au pays natal vis-à-vis de la prise de conscience ? Comment le Cahier d’un retour au pays natal a-t-il influencé la prise de conscience de Césaire et l’émancipation de race noire contre la discrimination raciale ? En passant par la méthode qualitative, la théorie pragmatique et la théorie des races, nos analyses des ouvrages choisis ont révélé qu’ils existent des similarités socio-politiques et littéraires entre ces deux ouvrages. En outre, l’étude a démontré une prise de conscience chez Césaire pour la reconnaissance de son identité et la lutte césarienne contre la discrimination raciale qui est encore pertinente pour le monde actuel divisé sur la base des races, des religions, etc. Mots-clés : égalité, combats, discrimination raciale, émancipation, prise de conscience.

Positive Psychology rapidly developed into an influential field of study and intervention, initially situated in Psychology, and later becoming multidisciplinary. Research interest in the study of (psychological) well-being has gained global popularity, with increasing salience in Africa. Although the global trends of these developments are relatively well-known, a bibliometric analysis of positive psychology research in Africa was necessary to shed light on the present hotspots and trends and future trajectories in this region of the world. The data source of the present bibliometric analysis study was Scopus, from which Positive Psychology and well-being research literature from Africa between 1983 and 2023 were searched. Using biblioshiny and VOSviewer, the 622 extracted articles were analysed, from which findings about the current condition, research hotspots, and thematic developmental patterns could be made. Africa experienced an initial slow growth period from 1983 until 2005, after which a rapid growth in research productivity, relevance and impact was experienced. In this regard, the results show that the focal point of scientific productivity is South Africa, with the dominance of South African institutions, particularly the North-West University, from where most positive psychology research is produced and cited. Even with potential access to international journal, African researchers seem to prefer to place their publications in the regional journals such as Journal of Psychology in Africa and South African Journal of Psychology. The research reviewed tends to be characterised by more dominant thematic clusters of positive psychology, psychological well-being, and subjective wellbeing, with a focus on human individuals. An increasing concern for contextual factors and potential antecedents and dynamics of well-being is also observed. The findings provide a good map from which identification of future research priorities can be deduced. As such, we speculate that future positive psychology research in Africa ought to be concerned with the following: greater distribution and intercountry collaborations across the continent, questions of conceptual clarity of terms, better understanding of contextual factors which influence well-being, and well-being research embracing the complexity of bio-psychosocial- ecological well-being, and science concerned with health-promotion interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of several decades of research and treatment efforts, the rate of relapse to substance abuse remains high, averaging about 75% within a 3- to 6-month duration after treatment. Recent research has focused on exploring contextually relevant relapse prevention approaches. This study explores relapse prevention strategies utilized by individuals to support their abstinence efforts four years after treatment for poly-substance use disorders in a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit in Ghana. Using a qualitative exploratory approach (descriptive phenomenology), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 individuals previously treated for poly-substance use disorders. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically with an inductive approach. Participants employed a multitude of factors and strategies, including finding a sense of purpose and meaning in life, religious and spiritual engagements, family and social support, and self-initiated schemes to maintain long-term sobriety. Clinicians should collaborate with and thoroughly explore personal, familial, and contextual factors and strategies that support the abstinence efforts of individuals recovering from poly-substance use disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several theories and studies have explored human strengths and mental well‐being at the global level, these insights are rarely tested and translated into practice in sub‐Saharan Africa. This study aims to describe the development of a 10‐session multicomponent positive psychology intervention, the Inspired Life Program (ILP), designed to promote mental health and reduce symptoms of depression and negative affect in rural adults in Ghana. Guided by the Medical Research Council's framework for developing complex interventions, a seven‑step iterative community‐based participatory research approach was adopted to develop the ILP, based on constructs and principles of positive psychology and cognitive‐behavioral model. The final intervention components included a 10‐session, two‐hourly, once‐weekly manualized program designed to promote meaningful and purposeful living, self‐acceptance, personal growth, goal‐setting and problem‐solving skills, and positive thinking through group discussion and activity sessions. We describe the program theory and implementation strategy of the final intervention, and reflect on the challenges and lessons learned from applying this framework in the study context. The development of strengths‐based interventions and practicality of methods to promote positive mental health in rural adults are feasible, and have important policy implications for mental health and social care in sub‐Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Drug dependency has been typified as a persistent relapsing disorder. Overall, 65% of people with substance use disorders relapse within one year after treatment. Recent interventions have focussed on contextually relevant relapse prevention strategies. This study explored relapse prevention strategies utilised by patients recovering from poly-substance use disorders one year after treatment at a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit in Ghana. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive phenomenology design and was conducted at the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit of the Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana. A purposive sample of 15 patients recovering from poly-substance use disorders were recruited. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with a semistructured guide and analysed using the content analysis procedures. Results: Five key themes emerged from the analysis of the data that described participants' relapse prevention strategies. These include clinical strategies, self-initiated tactics, spirituality and religious engagements, communalism and social support network. Conclusions: The evidence from this study supports a multilevel treatment strategy for patients with poly-substance disorders. We found that a combination of clinical, individual and contextual factors significantly contribute to relapse prevention efforts in the Ghanaian context. Clinicians and treatment services should explore, evaluate, strengthen and incorporate these emerging themes into their relapse prevention interventions protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relapse to substance abuse is a global problem and is conceptualized as an integral component of the recovery process. Global statistics on rates of relapse after substance abuse treatment are disturbingly high, averaging about 75% within a 3- to 6-month duration after treatment. This study sought to gain full understanding of the factors that precipitate relapse among substance abusers in Ghana. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 relapsed substance abusers who were previously treated for substance abuse, and three mental health professionals at a psychiatric rehabilitation unit in Ghana. Findings showed that seven factors, including positive/negative emotional reinforcements, sense of loss, interpersonal conflicts, peer influence, familial, religio-cultural, and treatment-based issues complot to instigate and maintain the relapse cycle. The findings provide valuable insights into the relapse phenomenon in Ghana. Clinicians should actively engage family members in the relapse prevention process, and provide insight into religio-cultural relapse precipitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early rejection of discordant porcine xenografts in primate recipients is initiated by the intragraft binding of either preformed (hyperacute xenograft rejection) or induced (acute vascular rejection) antiporcine recipient antibodies with subsequent complement activation via the classical pathway. We have investigated the efficacy of the supplemental administration of C1-inhibitor (C1-INH), a specific inhibitor of the classical complement activation pathway, for prophylaxis of xenograft rejection in a pig to primate kidney xenotransplantation setting., Methods: Based on the results of pharmacokinetic studies performed in two nontransplanted monkeys, supplemental C1-INH therapy was administered daily to three Cynomolgus monkeys receiving a life-supporting porcine kidney transplant together with cyclophosphamide-induction/cyclosporine A/mycophenolat-mofetil/steroid immunosuppressive therapy., Results: In the three monkeys receiving porcine kidney xenografts and continuous C1-INH treatment none of the grafts underwent hyperacute rejection; all xenografts showed initial function. Recipient survival was 13, 15, and 5 days. No graft was lost due to acute vascular rejection. All animals died with a functioning graft (latest creatinine 96, 112, and 96 micromol/liter) due to bacterial septicemia., Conclusion: We conclude that, in our model, supplemental C1-INH therapy together with a standard immunosuppressive regimen can be helpful for prevention of xenograft rejection in a pig to primate kidney xenotransplantation setting. The optimal dose and duration of C1-INH treatment, however, has yet to be determined.