1. T Cell Responses Correlate with Self-Reported Disease Severity and Neutralizing Antibody Responses Predict Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection
- Author
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Zhao, Zhen, Kumanovics, Attila, Love, Tanzy, Melanson, Stacy EF, Meng, Qing H, Wu, Alan HB, Wiencek, Joesph, Apple, Fred S, Ondracek, Caitlin R, Koch, David D, Christenson, Robert H, and Zhang, Yan Victoria
- Subjects
Microbiology ,Biological Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Biodefense ,Vaccine Related ,Prevention ,Biotechnology ,Immunization ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.4 Vaccines ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Self Report ,Breakthrough Infections ,Prospective Studies ,Patient Acuity ,Antibodies ,Neutralizing ,Vaccination ,Antibodies ,Viral ,vaccine ,T cell response ,neutralizing antibody ,breakthrough infection - Abstract
ObjectivesThe objective of this prospective study was to investigate the role of adaptive immunity in response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Design and methodsA cohort of 677 vaccinated individuals participated in a comprehensive survey of their vaccination status and associated side effects, and donated blood to evaluate their adaptive immune responses by neutralizing antibody (NAb) and T cell responses. The cohort then completed a follow-up survey to investigate the occurrence of breakthrough infections.ResultsNAb levels were the highest in participants vaccinated with Moderna, followed by Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson. NAb levels decreased with time after vaccination with Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson. T cell responses showed no significant difference among the different vaccines and remained stable up to 10 months after the study period for all vaccine types. In multivariate analyses, NAb responses (
- Published
- 2023