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To solve the practical engineering problem of cusp catastrophe theory in the prediction of surrounding rock stability. This paper establishes the cusp catastrophe equation in tunnel fault zones, according to the mechanical model of tunnel-fault systems and the control variable parameters of rock mass constitutive models. It reveals the mechanism of surrounding rock instability in tunnel-fault systems. It also forms a predictive criterion for surrounding rock instability. Additionally, a monitoring criterion for surrounding rock instability is developed, utilizing the deformation increment of surrounding rock as the state variable, based on monitoring data of surrounding rock deformation following tunnel digging. The feasibility of the two criteria in practical projects is examined, using the Pingtan and Minjiang River saliva resource allocation projects in Fujian Province, China as case studies. The results show that the predictive criterion can predict the deformation state of surrounding rock before tunnel excavation. Based on the criterion of monitor, The monitoring criterion the surrounding rock can be monitored in real time and it can be evaluated the stability after excavation. Based on the stability prediction results obtained by the predictive criteria, the surrounding rock with high risk is targeted to monitor, so as to improve the stability prediction accuracy of the tunnel through the fault zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translational research applies laboratory‐generated scientific discoveries to real‐world practice with the goal of potentiating more rapid solutions to health challenges. In 2023, the authors of this editorial (Hildebrandt and Goldschmidt) aimed to develop a special issue for the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) focusing on translational eating disorder research. The goal for this issue was to begin closing the gap between basic and applied research by soliciting articles that improve our understanding of mechanisms that cause or maintain eating disorders, which could result in more robust research advances and dissemination of information to the public. Further goals for the issue included exposing IJED's readership to a wide range of translational research and inspiring new collaborative efforts. While strong submissions were received, challenges were encountered in soliciting enough articles, potentially reflecting long‐standing communication barriers between basic and clinical scientists within the eating disorders field. In this editorial, we highlight work included in the special section, identify potential barriers in translational eating disorder research, and offer a multipronged approach to support more rapid progress across the translational spectrum. By improving how our field approaches translational research, we can promote better outcomes for those with or at risk for eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emphasis placed by society on environmental resources, current petroleum-based packaging in the food industry can no longer meet people's needs. However, new active packaging technologies have emerged, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, in which proteins are widely used for their outstanding gel film-forming properties. Most of the current literature focuses on research applications of single protein-based films. In this paper, we review the novel protein-based packaging technologies that have been used in recent years to categorize different proteins, including plant proteins (soybean protein isolate, zein, gluten protein) and animal proteins (whey protein isolate, casein, collagen, gelatin). The advances that have recently been made in protein-based active packaging technology can be understood by describing protein sources, gel properties, molding principles, and applied research. This paper presents the current problems and prospects of active packaging technology, provides new ideas for the development of new types of packaging and the expansion of gel applications in the future, and promotes the development and innovation of environmentally friendly food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Welfare Policies & Social Work Journal / Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social is the property of Asociacion Internacional de Ciencias Sociales & Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coating modification is an important way to enhance the reactivity of aluminum powder. In this paper, ammonium perchlorate and aluminum powder were assembled into energetic microunits by liquid deposition method. Spherical particles with AP as shell and ultrafine aluminum powder as the core (Al@AP) were gained. The micromorphology results show that the coated particles are about 5 μm, and the coating layer is evenly distributed on the outer surface of aluminum powder, indicating a complete coating. The energetic microunits were implanted into the nitrate ester plasticizing adhesive system (NEPE) as solid phase fillers. The effect of filler on the rheological properties, safety, mechanical properties, thermal reaction and energy properties of the system was analyzed by comparing with the raw aluminum filler. The test results show that the rheological properties, mechanical properties and pressure index of NEPE containing system Al@AP meets the requirements of solid propellant charging. Compared with Al based propellant, the mechanical sensitivity and thermal sensitivity are decreased, the safety is better, and the explosion heat of the propellant is increased by 7.8%. The engine test shows that the specific impulse is increased by 1.2 s. Al@AP can improve the energy output and safety of NEPE propellant, and has potential application prospects in high-energy propellants.

The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding (a main driver for scientific research) and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics, chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.

In collaboration with end-users and other key stakeholders, this paper describes an innovation process of designing and manufacturing customized assistive technologies for regional and remote communities. The project collaboratively identified the real-world problems of people living with spinal cord injuries, created design solutions to overcome these challenges, and worked with manufacturers to turn these solutions into actual products. The project embodied a co-design method to bring people living with spinal cord injuries, occupational therapists, researchers, designers, and manufacturers together to co-create new solutions to overcome common challenges. Data was collected through the following methods: a desktop study of the literature and the market; an innovation process via 4 x co-design workshops (Ideation, Design and Develop, Pitch and Feedback, Demonstration) from June 2021 to June 2022; a Research through Design methodology to design 3D-printed assistive technologies. Through iterative virtual and physical prototyping, and user testing, the most effective prototypes were refined into the optimal solution. The Project established an innovation process, including online consultation and workshops with end-users, that prioritize 3D printing of assistive technology prototypes; created a demonstrator for allied health engagement and testing; and completed end-user pilot group testing, such as materials, durability, grasping, biomechanical advantage, adaptability, etc. This innovation process produced a minimum viable product (MVP) that has enough features to attract early adopters and provide design validation early in the product development cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycium ruthenicum Murray possesses significant applications in both food and medicine, including antioxidative, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and various other effects. Consequently, there has been a surge in research endeavors dedicated to exploring its potential benefits, necessitating the organization and synthesis of these findings. This article systematically reviews the extraction and content determination methods of active substances such as polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols in LRM in the past five years, as well as some active ingredient composition determination methods, biological activities, and product development. This review is divided into three main parts: extraction and determination methods, their bioactivity, and product development. Building upon prior research, we also delve into the economic and medicinal value of Lycium ruthenicum Murray, thereby contributing significantly to its further exploration and development. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable resource for advancing research on Lycium ruthenicum Murray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to current national investigations, research applied to libraries in Italy has an unprecedented amount of data from which are emerging new complex issues and some worrying contradictions. In this framework lies the need to design structured in-depth investigations using innovative interpretative tools. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the article therefore proposes a methodological reflection on the opportunities offered by the integration between geographical knowledge and librarianship. Starting from the comparison between the main application purposes of GIS technology (Geographic Information System) adopted so far, both nationally and internationally, with some new experiments conducted in recent years, the contribution intends to present the potential of a method geographical gis-based for the interpretation of the relationships that link libraries to their context of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1975, Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques (CPP/Adp) was launched as an economics-led, multidisciplinary, and less technical journal to encourage policy research and discussion. With specific reference to the enduring topic of income security, we discuss how the content of the journal has evolved into more technical and applied policy research that reflects a changing academic and policy environment but which has also sustained increasingly sophisticated empirical research on important Canadian economic and social issues. CPP/Adp as an applied economics/social science journal with a policy-relevant focus has emerged as a vital journal for promoting research on Canadian economic and policy issues. Note from the editors: The first volume of Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques was published in 1975, making this the 50th volume. As part of our commemoration, we asked Professors Emery and Simpson to write this retrospective for this special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to reveal the reality of applying the community service function (community partnership - continuing education - applied research), and to reveal the significance of statistical differences in the reality of applying the community service function that is attributed to the following variables: (years of experience in administrative work, university employer, university) . The descriptive survey method was used, and the questionnaire was a tool to collect information from the study community, which includes academic leaders in applied colleges, and administrators in business incubators, in some Saudi universities (Umm Al-Qura University - Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University - King Saud University - King Abdulaziz University - University of King Fahd Petroleum and Minerals - King Faisal University - King Khalid University - Al-Jouf University - Al-Baha University - University of Tabuk - Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal University) numbering (136) individuals . The study concluded that the degree of application of the community service function was average, with a arithmetical average of (2.80), and the continuous learning dimension came in the first rank with a arithmetical average of (2.84) with a moderate degree, then the applied research dimension was in the second rank with a arithmetical average of (2.81) with a moderate degree, then community partnership in the third rank. With a arithmetical average of (2.75) moderately. It was found that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05 ≥ ) between the averages of the responses of the study individuals according to the variable of years of experience. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences between the averages of the responses of the study individuals (leaders of applied colleges and administrators working in business incubators) regarding The reality of implementing the community service function in the aggregate and on the dimensions (community partnership and continuing education), while in applied research it appeared to benefit administrators working in business incubators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional basketball training monitoring method has some limitations, such as relying on manual judgment and subjective evaluation, and being limited by equipment and environmental conditions. In order to solve these problems, an optical sensor system is designed and constructed in this study, which can capture the optical signals during basketball training in real time and convert them into digital data. These data are analyzed and processed using deep learning algorithms to extract features related to basketball training. A large number of experiments and tests have verified the effectiveness and accuracy of this optical sensor method. The experimental results show that this method can monitor and record the key information of basketball movement track, players' movements and skills in real time, and can quantitatively evaluate the quality and effect of basketball training. Through the combination of deep learning technology and optical sensors, non-invasive, high-precision and real-time monitoring can be achieved, which provides a powerful auxiliary and evaluation means for the training of basketball players, and helps to improve the training effect and level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses and practices the application of the CBI model to college English reading course systems with media characteristics. The goal of CBI is to assist the core teaching of subject knowledge through language learning. The evaluation method is divided into two parts: language knowledge test and process evaluation. The data were collected and analyzed through in-class tests, unit summary composition, questionnaire survey, and semi-structured interviews. The results show that the contentbased teaching model, which focuses on the professional knowledge of media science, integrates the professional knowledge of media science with English language teaching and emphasizes the students' initiative and participation in the teaching process. While improving students' basic English vocabulary, syntax and reading skills, it also significantly improves their professional knowledge. This teaching mode is suitable for the college English teaching and personnel training requirements of each specialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we realized a highly luminescent polyester fiber using a special spinneret orifice comprised of eight C-shaped pores and specific process parameters. A moderate amount of reversible photochromism materials was added along with the specific color masterbatch of suitable materials. With its high light transmittance and reflectance, the fabric has high glossiness and excellent transparency and exhibits dazzling color effects with changes in ambient light intensity. The raw materials used are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) chips with a low melting point of 110–150°C, 0.3–0.5% (active ingredient 30%) masterbatch, and 40–50% (active ingredient 50%) reversible photochromism masterbatch. The following process parameters were also chosen: for the PET chips, the drying temperature was 80–90°C, the drying time was 12–14 h, the masterbatch drying temperature was 70–80°C, the drying time was 8–10 h, the spinning temperature was 220–230°C, the cooling air temperature was 15–17°C, the cooling air speed was 0.45–0.50 m·min−1, the first hot roller temperature was 75–80°C, and the secondary hot roller had the heater turned off.

The article analyzes the perception of the difference between fundamental and applied scientific knowledge using the case of a particular group of Russian scientists. The sample consisted mainly of researchers who work in university laboratories, research centers and research groups specializing in biology and biosafety. Using a qualitative analysis of interviews with representatives of this group, the authors examine the ways of constructing a border between theoretical and applied research. The interpretation of the results is carried out using the scales of Boltanski and Thйvenot’s concept of “worlds of justification”. The conceptual model for separating fundamental and applied knowledge was Donald Stokes’ model of the relationship between science and technology, the socalled “Pasteur’s Quadrant.” The research demonstrates that Russian scientists prefer to engage in fundamental science, less often choosing applied projects. They use strategies to “fence off” from applied tasks or simulate the applied nature of their research. The boundaries between the categories of fundamental and applied are flexible and reassembled in each research project depending on the context, financial conditions, and applied competencies of the participants involved. When solving applied problems becomes inevitable, scientists prefer to refer to this as engaging in “non-genuine” science. The authors conclude that the traditional division into fundamental and applied research does not correspond to the daily practices of research activities.

Abstract Background Undergraduate STEM instructors want to help students learn and retain knowledge for their future courses and careers. One promising evidence-based technique that is thought to increase long-term memory is spaced retrieval practice, or repeated testing over time. The beneficial effect of spacing has repeatedly been demonstrated in the laboratory as well as in undergraduate mathematics courses, but its generalizability across diverse STEM courses is unknown. We investigated the effect of spaced retrieval practice in nine introductory STEM courses. Retrieval practice opportunities were embedded in bi-weekly quizzes, either massed on a single quiz or spaced over multiple quizzes. Student performance on practice opportunities and a criterial test at the end of each course were examined as a function of massed or spaced practice. We also conducted a single-paper meta-analysis on criterial test scores to assess the generalizability of the effectiveness of spaced retrieval practice across introductory STEM courses. Results Significant positive effects of spacing on the criterial test were found in only two courses (Calculus I for Engineers and Chemistry for Health Professionals), although small positive effect sizes were observed in two other courses (General Chemistry and Diversity of Life). Meta-analyses revealed a significant spacing effect when all courses were included, but not when calculus was excluded. The generalizability of the spacing effect across STEM courses therefore remains unclear. Conclusions Although we could not clearly determine the generalizability of the benefits of spacing in STEM courses, our findings indicate that spaced retrieval practice could be a low-cost method of improving student performance in at least some STEM courses. More work is needed to determine when, how, and for whom spaced retrieval practice is most beneficial. The effect of spacing in classroom settings may depend on some design features such as the nature of retrieval practice activities (multiple-choice versus short answer) and/or feedback settings, as well as student actions (e.g., whether they look at feedback or study outside of practice opportunities). The evidence is promising, and further pragmatic research is encouraged.

Background: Undergraduate STEM instructors want to help students learn and retain knowledge for their future courses and careers. One promising evidence-based technique that is thought to increase long-term memory is spaced retrieval practice, or repeated testing over time. The beneficial effect of spacing has repeatedly been demonstrated in the laboratory as well as in undergraduate mathematics courses, but its generalizability across diverse STEM courses is unknown. We investigated the effect of spaced retrieval practice in nine introductory STEM courses. Retrieval practice opportunities were embedded in bi-weekly quizzes, either massed on a single quiz or spaced over multiple quizzes. Student performance on practice opportunities and a criterial test at the end of each course were examined as a function of massed or spaced practice. We also conducted a single-paper meta-analysis on criterial test scores to assess the generalizability of the effectiveness of spaced retrieval practice across introductory STEM courses. Results: Significant positive effects of spacing on the criterial test were found in only two courses (Calculus I for Engineers and Chemistry for Health Professionals), although small positive effect sizes were observed in two other courses (General Chemistry and Diversity of Life). Meta-analyses revealed a significant spacing effect when all courses were included, but not when calculus was excluded. The generalizability of the spacing effect across STEM courses therefore remains unclear. Conclusions: Although we could not clearly determine the generalizability of the benefits of spacing in STEM courses, our findings indicate that spaced retrieval practice could be a low-cost method of improving student performance in at least some STEM courses. More work is needed to determine when, how, and for whom spaced retrieval practice is most beneficial. The effect of spacing in classroom settings may depend on some design features such as the nature of retrieval practice activities (multiple-choice versus short answer) and/or feedback settings, as well as student actions (e.g., whether they look at feedback or study outside of practice opportunities). The evidence is promising, and further pragmatic research is encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the conditions and factors influencing non-university researchers' career transitions back into academia. Using affiliation data in publications of German researchers, their cross-sector career transitions from the public research organisation Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and industry to universities are analysed. Although the rate of transitions is small, there are distinctive windows of opportunity at a junior career stage, especially for Fraunhofer researchers. Researchers who publish more and in more acclaimed journals, Fraunhofer researchers who co-publish with universities, and women are more likely to gain a university affiliation over the course of their career. These results indicate the influence of institutional proximity for cross-domain career transitions. The quality and impact of academic knowledge could be improved if the higher education sector was more open to recruitment of researchers from other sectors. Policy needs to target the barriers that preclude applied researchers from pursuing university careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With people's quality of life improves, so does their concern for disease and health. Instead of focusing on medical devices and pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of disease, people are gradually becoming more aware of emerging substances, ingredients or processed products that play a preventive, ameliorative or supportive role in mitigation. The role of these substances in the body is more focused on the maintenance of physiological functions or the promotion of health through regular external intake. The basic requirement for externally ingestible substances is safety of consumption, and the new labels of no side effects, variety, diversity, efficiency and convenience will be of interest to people in the future. Regular intake of probiotic products with safety certification is considered a safer and more common way to improve human health and alleviate diseases, while the low survival rate of probiotics and the high requirements for their functioning make them difficult to prepare on a large scale, to transport and store for long periods of time, and to ensure their action characteristics. Until now, various preparation and storage methods to ensure the high activity of probiotics have been continuously studied. In recent years, along with the in-depth research on probiotics, it has been found that postbiotics obtained from probiotics through different preparation methods can also have a positive effect on the organism, and have the characteristics of stability and convenient storage and transportation that probiotic products do not have, which may become a new direction to improve the organism's condition or enhance the function of the organism in the future. This paper summarized the various functional effects of postbiotics on the body and the applications of their related products in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This text presents a methodological matrix for the creation of technical products based on the categories of Charles S. Peirce. The matrix was conceived through experiments conducted in applied research. As a result, it is noted that Peircean pragmatics is suitable for practical application by guiding the use of signs towards a final and efficient causation. In the proposed matrix, theoretical concepts acquire an operational character as they guide: the definition of the meanings intended to be generated in a mind; the evaluation of the types of signs that can be used to generate the desired meanings; and the identification of the necessary foundations for signs to fulfill their functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A science, technology and innovation program is a group of activities organized in projects that are related to each other, which objective is to solve a problem identified according to the priorities and directed to achieve results of specific impacts. In Santiago de Cuba province the Territorial Program "Development of products and health services" is in action since 2020, which has implemented 12 investigation projects. In this work the scientific-technical results are identified; also, it is considered that they respond to sectoral and territorial priorities and are in correspondence with the policy of the health sector and higher education in Cuba. Their introduction contributes to solve the health problems in the territory by means of the implementation of science and technological innovation for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of persons with diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

US health systems are required to conduct community health needs assessments (CHNAs). These assessments often rely solely on publicly reported disease prevalence data. The objective of this study was to identify a feasible qualitative method that can be implemented into CHNAs to confirm existing information and enhance them with new data and community narrative. Freelisting interviews were conducted in 2017 throughout a county in Pennsylvania. Individuals listed (1) things that improve health, (2) health problems, and (3) health barriers. Responses were grouped into like terms, Smith's salience index was calculated for each, subgroup variation was assessed. Community-reported health priorities were identified by salient terms juxtaposed with publicly reported disease prevalence data. 98 respondents throughout the county participated in freelisting interviews. Demographics resembled the population: median age 55, 46% female, 88% Caucasian, 9% uninsured. Salient terms that improve health included: "physical activity", "healthy eating", and "health services". Salient terms describing health problems included: "cardiovascular disease" and "spine and joint disease". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-reported chronic disease prevalence in the county included heart disease mortality (22% of deaths) and arthritis (26% of adults). Salient barriers to health included: "weight, physical activity, and dietary concerns", as well as "occupational concerns". This is in line with 2017 County Health Rankings related to obesity (reported 29%), however, while 10% were uninsured in the community, this was not a salient term. Freelisting can augment and inform CHNAs. In this single-county study, freelisting responses supported publicly available disease/mortality prevalence data and provided insight into community perceptions of health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Grafica: Journal of Graphic Design / Documents de Disseny Gràfic is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Complutense de Educación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thanks to current national investigations, research applied to libraries in Italy has an unprecedented amount of data from which are emerging new complex issues and some worrying contradictions. In this framework lies the need to design structured in-depth investigations using innovative interpretative tools. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the article therefore proposes a methodological reflection on the opportunities offered by the integration between geographical knowledge and librarianship. Starting from the comparison between the main application purposes of GIS technology (Geographic Information System) adopted so far, both nationally and internationally, with some new experiments conducted in recent years, the contribution intends to present the potential of a method geographical gis-based for the interpretation of the relationships that link libraries to their context of action.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a multi-potent cytokine, has caught attention in the field of wound repair. The PDGF ability to initiate cell proliferation, migration, secretion and promote angiogenesis can be beneficial for wound healing. Platelet-rich plasma and recombinant human PDGF that contain high concentrations of PDGF have been used for decades in wound repair. However, their short shelf life, limited allogenic use, low bioavailability, and many side effects make them unable to meet clinical needs. Optimized platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor have higher concentrations of PDGF and better wound repair ability. Platelet lysate, with the ability to significantly extend the preservation period and reduce the risk of allogeneic use, has become the development direction for platelet wound repair. The high-energy delivery system based on bioengineering technology can significantly improve the local resident rate and prolong the action time of PDGF. A variety of transformed PDGF capable of inducing sustained tonic signals can be created through the modification of PDGF structure and addition of active domains. Functional controllable PDGF simulation peptides can be generated by integrating the active domains and a variety of efficient PDGF gene delivery strategies can be derived, thus providing more potential options to solve the problem of wound repair. The focus of this article, is on reviewing the physiological and applied.

As energy needs continue to rise in line with the use of fossil energy, which is difficult to renew, other alternative energy is needed to continue to meet current and future energy needs. One alternative energy that is easy to produce is biodiesel. One of the raw materials that is quite widely used and developed in making biodiesel is waste cooking oil. According to statistical data, Indonesia can produce waste cooking oil of 5.06 tons per year. Waste cooking oil contains free fatty acids that can be processed into biodiesel using the help of heterogeneous catalysts. One source of heterogeneous catalysts that can be used is CaO, which can be found in green shells, where the CaO contained can be taken through the calcination process of green shells. To maximize the waste cooking oil processing process, an adsorption pretreatment process can be carried out. The adsorption process is carried out to reduce the FFA levels and acid numbers contained in waste cooking oil so that the transesterification reaction process can run optimally. Natural zeolite can be used as a good adsorbent to purify and lower the acid number of waste cooking oil. This study aims to find the best operating conditions in producing biodiesel made from waste cooking oil with a pretreatment adsorption process using natural zeolite and green shell catalyst through the factorial design method, where from the results of the research carried out, it was found that the density and viscosity met the SNI, the biodiesel yield produced was 45-65% and the cetane number test on samples 3 and 7 was 34,7 and 34,2 which did not meet the SNI. The operating temperature and amount of catalyst used in the biodiesel manufacturing process produce biodiesel with good density, viscosity, and yield, namely at a temperature of 60°C and a catalyst content of 6 grams. The operating temperature of 65°C produces a smaller density because the boiling point of alcohol is 64.7°C, so the reaction process is not perfect.

This article describes the history of the journal published by the UK Market research Society (MRS). The reasons for introducing a journal are discussed, and the competitive context, at that time and onwards. Changes in the format, title and content of the journal over time are described, and its evolution from an in-house production to its current status within the journal portfolio of a leading international academic publishing house. The changing nature of the two main communities with the most interest in the journal, academics and practitioners, are described and the impact on the journal are discussed. Finally, the article summarises some of the many key contributions that the journal has made to the body of knowledge and evidence in the fields of market and social research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the quality of journalism from a strategic perspective (Paladini, 2005), according to which quality is an organisational effort that integrates external conditions and demands with internal actions, from planning to final product delivery. In order to implement this perspective, it will be necessary to think about quality in journalism beyond the concept mainly focussed on product evaluation towards a concept based on the development of quality management systems (QMS). The QMS is a set of integrated actions that aligns assessment with editorial management guidelines, production processes and products. The implementation of this proposal requires investment in innovation in two complementary movements to develop: (a) a QMS for journalistic organisations, which contains assessment methods with metrics for outcomes and editorial management models, processes and products that incorporate the assessment methods and their metrics; and (b) computerised systems capable of enabling the implementation of the QMS using the technological resources available, in terms of structured journalism, exploiting the potential of digital journalism in databases. The strategic approach to quality in journalism is not attainable with the know-how currently available in the sector. Investment in applied research and experimental development in journalism is crucial to fostering editorial and technological innovation to produce the transformation required to craft a new journalistic intelligence that bolsters credibility with quantifiable editorial quality data and ensures the sector's long-term sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a critical community psychology approach, this article seeks to visibilize social interventions that exhibit failings, thus exerting epistemic violence, by critically analyzing a microfinance project executed in India by an emblematic international research center of the Global North. Through fieldwork and interviews, we identified four shortcomings of the intervention: issues affecting the participants, implementation problems, limited effects of the project, and dissatisfaction with the intervention. This case illustrates how the prioritization of research objectives to the detriment of a proper implementation of the underlying social interventions constitutes epistemic violence as well as academic and epistemic extractivism. Based on this information, we intend to advance an expanded notion of epistemic violence, going beyond data analysis and taking into account the conditions of knowledge production in applied research, exemplified by a social program evaluation and their consequences for participants. This approach allows us to visibilize the importance of report failure and propose the concept of epistemic integrity, which is aimed at generating socially relevant knowledge while democratizing said knowledge, encouraging power redistribution, and promoting social justice. Regarding applied research, we discuss specific considerations for epistemic integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Calls have been made for higher education to offer students hands-on and experiential learning opportunities. This paper explores the development and implementation of an advanced undergraduate research methods course offered in fall 2020 and 2022. After initially conducting research on its first offering in 2020, the instructor navigated changes based on self-reflective, student, and community partner feedback. Students, agency partners, and the instructor-of-record participated in mid and end-of-semester evaluations, focus groups, interviews, and follow-up surveys during both iterations of the course with new data offering insights into course perceptions, pitfalls, and impact. Findings suggested that students had generally positive experiences in the class. The course’s applicability and relevance additionally contributed to increased student engagement and motivation. While prior literature identifies the utility of experiential learning in gaining real-world research skills, the applied criminal justice research course additionally highlights motivation and investment as defining characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Action to pursue the circular economy (CE) transition is burgeoning in the government and the private sector. Does this action signal that CE is a distinct field of research with a unique disciplinary identity? This article argues that CE has reached field status, through its own epistemic communities characterized by increasingly shared methodological perspectives and normative ideals, and through institutionalized knowledge development through research journals and authority structures. The recent growth of CE research points toward more contextualized and nuanced operationalizations of the concept, evidence that the field is approaching a threshold state of maturity. Drawing on observations from academic literature and discussions with researchers and experts, we trace the process by which CE has arrived at the status of a field. The article concludes with reflections on research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the swift march of modern industry, the escalating environmental devastation has imperiled human existence, spurring the emergence of green design as a pervasive and powerful global design philosophy. Within this context, Lushan Yunwu Tea, the sole tea hailing from China's Lushan region, stands as a prime example necessitating thoughtful packaging. Sadly, the packaging design of Lushan Yunwu Tea has languished, failing to reflect its essence. Characterized by excess, insubstantiality, and superficiality, the packaging inadequacies echo the struggle against counterfeit teas due to Lushan Yunwu Tea's fragmented production landscape. Dominated by small-scale vendors, scattered farmers, and modest workshops, cost constraints perpetuate lackluster packaging. To invigorate Lushan Yunwu Tea's branding, a strategic shift towards moderation, eco-friendly materials, and innovative design techniques is imperative. Aiming for recyclable, reusable, high-quality packaging while infusing cultural and historical narratives into the design would not only elevate its image but also amplify its role as a carrier of Chinese, revolutionary, and Jiangxi cultures. Holistically, the pursuit of green packaging aligns with sustainable values, harmonizing nature and heritage in a symbiotic design embodiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centuries of drainage have stimulated peat decomposition. To counteract the resulting increase in greenhouse gas emission and land subsidence in Dutch agricultural peatlands, passive and active subsurface infiltration (SSI) systems have been developed for peatland rewetting. Here, we studied the effects of SSI systems on groundwater levels, porewater composition and redox potential in four drained peatlands in the Netherlands to determine how soil processes are affected, especially carbon and nutrient dynamics. For three years, groundwater levels were measured continuously, and porewater samples were collected 8–10 times per year in paired SSI (active and passive) and control plots. SSI plots had higher summer groundwater levels and less seasonal fluctuation in groundwater levels than control plots. Redox potential and porewater composition in control plots reflected dominance of oxidation processes during dry periods in the upper soil layers, whereas SSI plots showed dominance of reduction processes in these layers throughout the year. These differences between control and SSI plots were strongest at locations with active SSI systems. Our results show that SSI systems can be effective measures to raise and stabilise groundwater levels in drained peatlands, which results in more stable redox zonation and dominance of anaerobic soil processes, especially during dry periods and when active SSI systems are applied. On the short term, a switch from oxic to anoxic conditions can cause mobilisation of phosphorus and ammonium, while on the longer term the application of SSI can lead to substantial change in carbon and nutrient dynamics. Understanding the full effects of implementing SSI systems and other mitigation measures in drained peatlands is important before they are applied on a large scale.