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Colorectal polyps and adenomas are a significant health concern that can lead to colorectal cancer. Detecting polyps and adenomas early is important to remove them in a timely manner, reducing the risk of cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) could assist in identifying polyps and adenomas more efficiently. This study will investigate the potential benefits of AI technology in detecting colorectal adenomas, using AI-assisted colonoscopy diagnostic systems. The goal is to determine if there are differences in detection rates using AI compared to standard colonoscopy methods. PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines were adhered to in this systematic review. Three databases were searched including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science through February 23, 2023. A combination of the following keywords was used: AI, Artificial, Intelligence, Colorectal, Polyp, Adenoma. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR) were additionally meta-analyzed for proportions, and reported as odds ratio (OR), applying 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 9 randomized clinical trials were included in this review, pooling in 6981 participants. The findings were presented systematically, based on the design, technology used, effects on ADR and PDR, and key conclusions. The meta-analytical findings were reported as follows. On applying a random-effects model, the odds ratio (OR) for ADR was 1.532 (95% CI=1.125-2.087), with significant detection favoring CADe systems (P=0.0068). Similarly, when assessing the chance of diagnosing colorectal polyps with CADe systems as an add-on compared to standard colonoscopy alone, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.893 (95% CI=1.687-2.125, P

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapeutic option for managing Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). CDI is a significant health concern, particularly in antibiotic-resistant cases impairing the quality of life among the patient population. This systematic review aims to pool current clinical trial evidence of FMT (RBX2660) success rates when used for recurrent CDI in the clinical trial setting. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines, the following databases were systematically searched: Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. There were no time or language restrictions. The following keywords were used in all the databases: fecal, microbiota, transplantation, recurrent, Clostridium difficile, infection, and antibiotic-resistant. Only clinical trials, controlled or single-arm, were included in this systematic review. Results: A total of five clinical trials, of which four were phase II, and one was phase III, were included. Seven hundred ninety-five participants were pooled across all trials. Patients were included in the trials with 1-2 recurrent CDI. In most cases, they had undergone standard antibiotic therapy before enrolling. The treatment success rate in the RBX2660 intervention group was 69.5% (335/482) compared to 49.6% (123/248) in the placebo group. The intervention was safe and effective, with no grade III or higher adverse events reported in treating recurrent CDI. Conclusion: RBX2660, recently approved as a therapy for recurrent CDI in the United States, is a significant milestone in expanding treatment options. This study reports the potential benefits of FMT and other microbiota-based therapies. While many challenges require addressing, including sample control and patient compliance, FMT is heading toward ongoing acceptance in the broad medical community.

Introduction: Obesity during pregnancy has increased recently, which has led to issues for the mother, the developing baby, and the newborn. Pathology during pregnancy and in the fetus is more likely in people with higher body mass indices (BMI). Of the 10 nations hosting half of the 693 million people with high BMIs worldwide, Pakistan comes in at number eight. Objective: Objective of the study was to determine how a high maternal BMI affected the manner of delivery. Methods: This study included 1272 pregnant women having a BMI>31kg/m2. Data on the mother, fetus, pregnancy, mode of delivery, i.e. normal vaginal delivery (NVD), instrumental-delivery (ID) and caesarean section delivery (CSD), and any potential neonatal unit admission) were gathered. Using the statistical program SPSS, variables connected to the chance of having a CSD were identified using univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis (v.25). Results: The women's mean age was 27.5 years, having mean BMI 27.2 kg/m2, and 26.69% of them were obese (n=310). 70.12% of women delivered naturally vaginally, 13.83% underwent a cesarean section, and 16.03% used equipment. obesity

Background: Iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) affect around 2 billion individuals all over the globe. IDA is a problem for pregnant women in developing countries. Objective: To assess the association of low ferritin level of new born with iron Deficiency Anemia in Mothers Methodology: The current descriptive study was carried out at the Hematology Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from January 2022 to July 2022. All the data including age, gender and lab parameters was documented in a proforma designed for this research. IBM SPSS version 23 was employed for analysis of data. Results: In the current research, totally 150 antenatal mothers having hemoglobin ≤10.5gm/dl were enrolled. The mean age of our study participants was 26 years with standard deviation of ±1.56. Among pregnant women with iron deficiency, the overall frequency of low ferritin level was 90 (60%). In distribution of women based on severity of low ferritin levels amongst 90 women, 41 (45.56%) women were observed with mild low ferritin levels, 43 (47.78%) women were observed with moderate low ferritin levels while 6 (6.66%) women were observed with severe low ferritin levels. Conclusion: In the present research, it was shown that there was a high frequency of low ferritin levels in newborns amongst women with iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Based on our findings we concludes that low ferritin level of newborns is strongly associated with the with iron Deficiency Anemia in Mothers. Keywords: Iron Deficiency Anemia; Ferritin levels; Pregnancy

Introduction: The incidence of induction of labour is 20% of all deliveries and is considered as the most common techniques in modern obstetrics. But both medically indicated and elective inductions are thought to increase the risk of instrumental and cesarean deliveries. Objective: Aim of this study was to determine the frequency of successful vaginal delivery after induction of labour in obese women. Methodology: This study was descriptive study carried out at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The duration of study was Six months (from 1/2/2021 to 1/8/2021). Detail history, clinical examination, routine investigation were performed for the confirmation of obese pregnant women. All the data i.e. age, gestational age, parity, gravidity, number of induction, duration of labour, previous history of C section was recorded in pre design performa. All the recorded information on performa was entered in statistical software SPSS ver 23. Results: Our study shows that among 149 patients mean maternal age was 29 years with standard deviation ± 5.91. Among 149 patients successful vaginal delivery was observed in 86(58%) patients while 63(42%) patients were observed with un-successful vaginal delivery. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of successful vaginal delivery was 58% after induction of labour in obese pregnant women presenting at tertiary care hospital Peshawar. Keywords: Successful vaginal delivery, Induction of labour, obese pregnant women

A droplet of nanoparticle suspension is deposited on a specially designed dual wettable surface. Half diagonal of SiO2 substrate was oil coated and other half stayed unchanged. The droplet forms contact angle of 35∘ on the unchanged dry portion whereas it reaches to 60∘ on the oil coated region. Nanoparticle dried in stick–slip fashion where such effect was more pronounced on the oil-wet region. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed large ribbon-like nanorod assembly on the dry-region and short monolayer ribbons on the oil-wet part of the substrate. On both surfaces, shape-separation effect produced rod-rich and sphere-rich regions. The assemblies formed over the dry portion were dense whereas significantly small number of nanoparticles were observed on the oil-wet region. The droplet contact-line remained partially dynamic owing to the dual wettable design of the surface. Such contact-line dynamics facilitated the shape-separation effect induced by the surfactant molecules and dictated the deposition process over the surface. This work will be helpful to study shape-separation effect of small biological entities and multisystem of nanoparticles.