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La leucemia mieloide aguda (AML, por sus siglas en inglés) es una enfermedad muy heterogénea. Aunque se puede clasificar a los pacientes en grupos de riesgo según sus mutaciones genéticas, el pronóstico dentro de cada categoría varía sustancialmente. Es perentorio identificar nuevos marcadores moleculares de la AML. Recientemente, se ha descrito la elevación del inhibidor de la serina peptidasa Kazal tipo 2 (SPINK2) en la AML, habiendo sido relacionada con peores resultados clínicos en metaanálisis, así como en un número limitado de pacientes con AML.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Although patients can be classified into risk groups based on their genetic changes, the prognosis of disease within these categories varies widely. This situation raises the need to search for new molecular markers related to AML. Serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 2 (SPINK2) has recently been reported to be upregulated in AML and associated with poor outcomes by meta-analysis and in a limited number of AML patients.

Introduction: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) may involve complications. We aimed to review the demographic data, indications, technical information, and complications. Methods: Data for TPE procedures (TPEPs) performed between 2004 and 2018 were retrospectively. Results: This study covered 2505 TPEPs performed on 338 patients; 55% of them were female (n = 186), and the median age was 36 years (range, 11–93 years). Most TPEPs were administered for hematological (40.6%) indications. The incidence of complications on the first procedure was 3.2% (n = 80); only 16 procedures (0.6%) were failed. The complication incidence was 19.8% (n = 497), with 789 total complications. Most of the complications were patient‐related (90.4%), and the most of them were urticaria (29.1%), occlusion (3.2%), and faulty systems (1.01%), respectively. The use of only fresh frozen plasma as replacement fluid caused a higher complication rate (22.1%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The number of TPEPs is increasing every day. Hematologic indications for TPE and the use of fresh frozen plasma may increase the risk of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Hematology is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In polycythemia vera (PV) patients undergoing phlebotomy, iron deficiency (ID) may develop. ID has been linked to restless legs syndrome (RLS), and in one study, 29.6% of PV patients had RLS. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of RLS in PV and to evaluate factors that might play a role in RLS development among PV and essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients. We consecutively included PV cases as the patient group, and ET and ID patients and healthy subjects (HSs) were included as controls. Those with conditions that could lead to RLS were excluded. All subjects were questioned according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Twenty-seven PV, 23 ET, and 22 ID patients and 23 HSs were included. RLS was detected in 25.9%, 34.8%, and 45.5% of PV, ET, and ID patients, respectively. None of the HSs had RLS. In univariate analysis, interferon-α and anagrelide use, magnesium levels, and the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) scores had a significant impact on RLS in PV and ET patients (p = 0.014, p = 0.032, p = 0.036, and p = 0.003, respectively). RLS was more common among PV and ET patients than HSs, which was irrespective to the iron status. RLS was more frequent in ET patients than that observed in PV cases, indicating that ID may not be the only causative factor for RLS development in PV. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of RLS developing in PV and ET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of invasive mold infections in febrile neutropenic patients. Methods: This retrospective and single-center study includes patients with hematologic malignancy and invasive mold infections. Predictors for 30-day and 1-year mortality were determined. Results: A total of 87 patients were recorded. Of whom, 48 (55.2%) were male and the mean age was 44.56 ± 15.83. Twenty patients were in the empirical therapy group and 67 were in the preemptive group. Galactomannan positivity rate was found 24.1% (n = 21). The causative agents were detected in 16 patients. In the initial treatment, liposomal amphotericin B (n = 53), voriconazole (n = 27), caspofungin (n = 5), and posaconazole (n = 1) were used. The 30-day mortality rate was 26.4%, while the 1-year mortality rate was 44.8%. The 30-day (45.0% vs. 20.9%, P = .03) and 1-year (65% vs. 38.8%, P = .04) mortality rates were significantly higher in empirical treatment group than in preemptive treatment group. In multivariate analysis, presence of blasts in peripheral blood (P = .04, 95% CI = 1.01-9.38, odds ratio = 3.07) was determined as an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality. No independent risk factor was found for 1-year mortality. Conclusion: As a result, despite the early initiation of empirical treatment, preemptive therapy approach was as effective as empirical approach in the management of invasive mold infections. Therefore, invasive and noninvasive diagnostic methods should be used more frequently to decrease overtreatment. In conclusion, current interdisciplinary approaches are crucial for evidence-based early diagnosis in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine / İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Tip Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which occurs as a result of the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, has been observed in many cancers. To re-establish the ER homeostasis, pathways of unfolded protein response (UPR) are activated. The effect of ER stress-activated UPR pathways on leukemogenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to find out whether activated UPR pathways were involved in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS Expression levels of the 2 UPR components, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), and X-box protein 1 (XBP1), as well as the HLA-B were analyzed in 100 newly diagnosed AML patients using quantitative and qualitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. RESULTS Fifteen of the 100 newly diagnosed AML patients were shown to carry the spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) variant. Furthermore, in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a subtype of AML, expression levels of XBP1, and BiP were significantly higher than in non-APL patients (p<0.001 and p<0.015, respectively). It was determined that 6 of 15 (40%) AML patients carrying XBP1s variant were positive for myeloperoxidase. CONCLUSION Our study provides adequate evidences for the involvement of activated UPR pathways in some of the AML patients by showing the presence XBP1s variant and increased expression levels for XBP1 and BiP. Thus, agents targeting XBP1s might serve as a new approach for anti-cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) / Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi (SABİAD) is the property of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease impacts morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. This systematic review summarized data on the epidemiology, management, and burden of CMV post‐HCT outside of Europe and North America. Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for observational studies and treatment guidelines in HCT recipients across 15 selected countries from Asia‐Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East (search period: 1 January 2011–17 September 2021). Outcomes included incidence of CMV infection/disease, recurrence, risk factors, CMV‐related mortality, treatments, refractory, resistant CMV, and burden. Results: Of 2708 references identified, 68 were eligible (67 studies and one guideline; 45/67 studies specific to adult allogeneic HCT recipients). The rates of CMV infection and disease within 1 year of allogeneic HCT were 24.9%–61.2% (23 studies) and 2.9%–15.7% (10 studies), respectively. Recurrence occurred in 19.8%–37.9% of cases (11 studies). Up to 10% of HCT recipients died of CMV‐related causes. In all countries, first‐line treatment for CMV infection/disease involved intravenous ganciclovir or valganciclovir. Conventional treatments were associated with serious adverse events such as myelosuppression (10.0%) or neutropenia only (30.0%, 39.8%) and nephrotoxicity (11.0%) (three studies), frequently leading to treatment discontinuation (up to 13.6%). Refractory CMV was reported in 2.9%, 13.0%, and 28.9% of treated patients (three studies) with resistant CMV diagnosed in 0%–10% of recipients (five studies). Patient‐reported outcomes and economic data were scarce. Conclusion: The incidence of CMV infection and disease post‐HCT is high outside of North America and Europe. CMV resistance and toxicity highlight a major unmet need with current conventional treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]