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The present study evaluates the potential insertion of reprocessed fuel in a NuScale-like core. The main idea consists of assessing the beginning of life (BOL) safety parameters of the core loaded with reprocessed fuel and comparing them to the reference case using conventional uranium-based fuel. Two different reprocessed fuels were studied: one of them reprocessed using the GANEX process, while the other one used the UREX+ process. Overall, the cases in which the core was simulated with reprocessed fuel achieved better results than conventional UO2 for fuel temperature coefficient and normalized peak factor. Furthermore, the usage of reprocessed fuel could also reduce the dependence on chemical control for reactivity, which is a desired condition in the event of borated water unavailability. The Serpent code version 2.1.32 developed by VTT was used to perform the simulations.

Introduction: Since the excess of body fat is associated with higher morbid-mortality rates (mainly in adults), precise, reliable, cost-effective, and broadly applicable methods are necessary for its assessment in populationbased studies and in clinical practice. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between body fat estimated either by bioelectrical impedance or by the sum of skinfold thicknesses and anthropometric indicators of fat distribution. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted enrolled 348 undergraduate students (median 21 years), from the Federal University of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Results: 262 of the subjects were women. Mean body fat assessed by bioelectrical impedance was 22.3 ± 6.2% in women and 15.2 ± 4.2% in men. Body fat obtained by the sum of skinfold thicknesses was similar to that assessed by bioelectrical impedance only in men. A strong correlation was observed between body fat assessed by bioelectrical impedance and that assessed by the sum of the skinfold thicknesses, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Regarding the conicity index, there was a moderate correlation for men and a weak correlation for women. Conclusions: The sum of skinfold thicknesses surrogate of body fat percentage and can be used to assess body fat when BIA is not available in the field. Additional information about central fat distribution can be supply by measuring the waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — Despite the recognition that the subordinate's influence is a particularly noteworthy feature of the social context with considerable potential to affect the performance evaluation process, there are almost no studies that consider this influence in a selling context. Attempting to contribute to address these needs, the model presented here depicts a number of social and situational factors influencing supervisor's rating of salesperson's performance, primarily operating through affective processes. Design/methodology/approach — Data were collected from 122 salespeople and their immediate managers from 35 firms pertaining to nine different industries. Findings — SEM results indicated that supervisor-focused impression management was positively related to the supervisor's liking of the salesperson. Consistent as well with prior research is the positive influence of supervisor's affect towards salesperson on the supervisor's ratings of sales performance, both directly and indirectly, through the effect on salesperson's perceived interpersonal skills. Finally, a salesperson's physical attractiveness demonstrated significant positive effects on performance ratings, through the influence on supervisor's liking and salesperson's interpersonal skills. Practical implications — These results have important managerial implications: sales managers should be aware that salespeople might be using impression management tactics and that the use of these behaviours might influence the way that they evaluate their employee's performance. Managers should also remain vigilant to the potential bias based on physical appearance in hiring and supervising salespeople. Originality/value — This study contributes to the knowledge of the social and affective variables that influence the sales performance appraisal process, an area of research that is almost unexplored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants belonging to the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae) are known to have a wide range of biological properties. In this work, extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Salvia sclareoides Brot. were evaluated to investigate their chemical composition, toxicity, bioactivity, and stability under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. The composition of the supercritical fluid extract was determined by GC and GC-MS, while the identification of the infusion constituents was performed by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS. The in vitro cytotoxicity of both extracts (0-2 mg/mL) was evaluated in Caco-2 cell lines by the MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase activities were determined through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, while β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching test and the DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The infusion inhibited cyclooxygenase-1 (IC50 = 271.0 μg/mL), and acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 487.7 μg/ mL) enzymes, also demonstrated significant antioxidant properties, as evaluated by the DPPH (IC50 = 10.4 μg/mL) and β-carotene/linoleic acid (IC50 = 30.0 μg/mL) assays. No remarkable alterations in the composition or in the bioactivities of the infusion were observed after in vitro digestion, which supports the potential of S. sclareoides as a source of bioactive ingredients with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Background: The colour stability of aesthetic brackets may differ according to their composition, morphology and surface property, which may consequently influence their aesthetic performance.

Apesar dos avanços da obstetrícia, a prematuridade ainda se configura como um dos grandes problemas de saúde pública, em virtude da morbidade e da mortalidade neonatal que causa. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar fatores de risco maternos para nascimentos de prematuros em uma maternidade pública de Imperatriz-MA. Um estudo comparativo transversal foi realizado com 116 puérperas, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas. Os dados coletados foram analisados através do Software Epi-Info, versão 3.5.1. As variáveis que tiveram associação estatisticamente significante com a prematuridade foram: renda mensal inferior a 2 salários mínimos (p=0,046); estresse na gestação (p=0,027); primiparidade (p=0,044); assistência pré-natal ausente ou inadequada (pA pesar de los avances en la obstetricia y la prematuridad sigue siendo un problema importante de salud pública debido a la morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal que causa. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los factores de riesgo maternos para los nacimientos prematuros en una maternidad pública en Imperatriz, MA. Un estudio comparativo de la sección transversal se llevó a cabo con 116 madres, a través de entrevistas estructuradas. Estudio caso-control se realizó con 116 mujeres, agrupadas en el caso de (58) y control (58), a través de entrevistas estructuradas. Los datos fueron analizados con Epi-Info versión 3.5.1. Las variables que mostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el parto prematuro fueron ingresos mensuales Despite advances in obstetrics, prematurity is still a major public health problem because of the neonatal morbidity and mortality it causes. The objective of this study was to investigate maternal risk factors for premature births in a public maternity in the city of Imperatriz-MA. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with 116 mothers, through structured interviews. The data were analyzed using Epi-Info version 3.5.1. The variables that showed statistically significant association with preterm delivery were monthly income below two minimum wages (p = 0.046), stress during pregnancy (p = 0.027), primiparity (p = 0.044), absent or inadequate prenatal care (p

This work describes the devulcanization of vulcanized SBR (Styrene Butadiene Rubber) based on controlled oxidation with nitric acid. IR, ¹H and 13C-NMR, CHN elemental analyses, TG, GPC and TPD-MS (Temperature Programmed Decomposition-Mass Spectrometry) experiments suggest that nitric acid promotes two processes: (i) devulcanization by oxidation of the sulfide crosslinks and (ii) oxidation of the carbon framework leading to the formation of -COOH and -NO2 groups. Under aggressive conditions (HNO3, reflux) the polymer chain is strongly oxidized and fragmented to a highly oxygenated low molecular weight fraction, which is soluble in water.

A new method for metronidazole determination, based on spectrometric monitoring of a diazonium salt produced in-line by alkaline hydrolysis released nitrite ions, was developed and successfully applied to pharmaceutical tablets (r = 0.9993, 2.0-20.0 mg L-1, DL = 0.7 mg L-1) with no interference from common ingredients accompanying the drug.

Leaf area has significant effect on tree transpiration, and its measurement is important to many study areas. This work aimed at developing a non-destructive, practical, and empirical method to estimate the total leaf area of green dwarf coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) in plantations located at the northern region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A mathematical model was developed to estimate total leaf area values (TLA) as function of the average lengths of the last three leaf raquis (LR3), and of the number of leaves in the canopy (NL). The model has satisfactory degree of accuracy for agricultural engineering purposes.

O acesso aos serviços de saúde é uma das características importantes e um desafio ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender as dificuldades dos homens com DST no acesso à consulta. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com homens atendidos em uma unidade de referência de DST, na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, em novembro de 2003. A mesma foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e utilizou a técnica de análise de conteúdo na análise e interpretação dos resultados. As entrevistas centraram-se na categoria acesso. Os achados evidenciaram que os homens com DST enfrentam dificuldade no acesso à consulta, mesmo utilizando diferentes mecanismos para consegui-la. Os serviços são oferecidos em horários incompatíveis com a demanda. Este fato é agravado pela falta de planejamento do número de consultas e de profissionais disponíveis para o atendimento dos casos de DST. Concluímos que precisa haver um investimento maior em nível do SUS na melhoria do acesso à consulta para homens com DST e faz-se necessário que, do ponto de vista institucional, a oferta de serviços leve em consideração a demanda da população.

As hemoglobinopatias estão incluídas dentre as doenças hereditárias mais freqüentes nas populações humanas. Estudos realizados em diferentes regiões do Brasil têm demonstrado que as hemoglobinas anormais S e C são as mais prevalentes. Com o objetivo de investigar a prevalência de hemoglobinas anormais no período neonatal, foram analisadas 1.940 amostras de sangue de cordão umbilical provenientes de recém-nascidos de três maternidades da cidade de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Todas as amostras foram submetidas à eletroforese de hemoglobina em acetato de celulose utilizando tampão Tris-EDTA-Borato pH 8,5. As amostras que apresentaram hemoglobinas anormais foram submetidas à eletroforese em gel de ágar pH 6,2 para confirmação. Foram identificadas 37 (1,91%) amostras com hemoglobinas anormais, das quais 29 (1,50%) com traço falciforme (Hb FAS), 06 (0,31 %) com Hb C, uma (0,05 %) com anemia falciforme (Hb FS) e uma (0,05 %) apresentou Hb Bart's, sugerindo alfa talassemia. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam a necessidade de implantação da triagem de hemoglobinopatias em recém-nascidos na nossa população.

Vinylic tellurides of Z configuration are transformed into higher order Z-vinyl cyanocuprates by transmetallation with higher order lithium dimethyl- or n-butyl(thienyl)cyanocuprates. Reaction of the obtained Z-vinyl cyanocuprates with zinc chloride gives presumably mixed zinc-copper species which react with bromoalkynes leading to enynes and enediynes with retention of the Z double bond configuration.

Descreve-se a mortalidade proporcional de dentistas residentes na cidade de São Paulo, entre 1980 e 2000, segundo causas de óbito, em busca de possíveis indicações de risco atribuíveis ao trabalho, com dados levantados na Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados. A análise comparativa usou informações análogas para médicos e engenheiros. O estudo dos diferenciais de óbito segundo causa básica indicou a ausência de alterações significantes, apontando risco potencial de óbito aumentado para dentistas em relação a médicos e engenheiros. Os óbitos de dentistas não apresentaram piores indicadores para categorias globais e específicas de doenças infecciosas, neoplasias, suicídio, doenças do sistema nervoso central e do aparelho circulatório. Foi observada indicação de excesso sistemático de óbitos de engenheiros por causas externas em geral, por acidentes de trânsito, quedas acidentais e demais acidentes em particular. Registrou-se a ausência de discrepâncias significantes que apontassem para risco diferencial atribuível ao trabalho de dentistas. Essa observação sugere que a Odontologia pode ser considerada uma profissão segura, ao menos no que diz respeito à exposição a riscos sistemáticos de óbito.

OBJECTIVE: To study patterns of alcohol consumption and prevalence of high-risk drinking. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in a sample of 2,302 adults in Salvador, Brazil. Cases of High-Risk Drinking (HRD) were defined as those subjects who referred daily or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness and those who reported any use of alcoholic beverages but with frequent drunkenness (at least once a week). RESULTS: Fifty-six per cent of the sample acknowledged drinking alcoholic beverages. Overall consumption was significantly related with gender (male), marital status (single), migration (non-migrant), better educated (college level), and social class (upper). No significant differences were found regarding ethnicity, except for cachaça (Brazilian sugarcane liquor) and other distilled beverages. Overall 12-month prevalence of high-risk drinking was 7%, six times more prevalent among males than females (almost 13% compared to 2.4%). A positive association of HRD prevalence with education and social class was found. No overall relationship was found between ethnicity and HRD. Male gender and higher socioeconomic status were associated with increased odds of HRD. Two-way stratified analyses yielded consistent gender effects throughout all strata of independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that social and cultural elements determine local patterns of alcohol-drinking behavior. Additional research on long-term and differential effects of gender, ethnicity, and social class on alcohol use and misuse is needed in order to explain their role as sources of social health inequities.

OBJETIVO: Realizar dosagens da benzilamino-oxidase (BzAO), uma enzima tissular localizada na túnica média dos vasos sanguíneos, mais precisamente no músculo liso, em fragmentos tumorais e não tumorais de peças cirúrgicas ressecadas de portadores de adenocarcinoma gástrico avançado. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 24 doentes (18 masculinos e seis femininos com média de idade de 55,4 anos). Quanto à localização do tumor, eram 11 do antro gástrico, nove do corpo, dois da cárdia, um do corpo e antro e um do fundo, sendo que 12 doentes foram submetidos a gastrectomia subtotal e os demais a gastrectomia total com esplenectomia, todos com linfadenectomia a D2. As dosagens de BzAO foram correlacionadas com idade , sexo , tempo de história da doença, local do tumor no estômago, tipo histopatólogico e cirurgia realizada. RESULTADOS: A atividade enzimática da BzAO nos tecidos gástricos normais variou de 22,9 miM a 111 miM (média de 57,1), sendo superior nos tecidos tumorais em todos os casos, variando de 35,5 miM a 148 miM (média de 70,7). A análise estatística pelo teste t de student mostrou diferença significativa entre as duas dosagens (desvio padrão de 2,373 e p = 0,0263, portanto p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: As dosagens de BzAO foram mais elevadas nos fragmentos tumorais gástricos, sugerindo existir correlação entre a BzAO e a angiogênese, e, portanto, a possibilidade de utilização de terapias antiangiogênicas que atuem inibindo o crescimento tumoral e metastático.

OBJETIVOS: analisar a evolução do Projeto Carteiro Amigo nos anos de 1996 a 2002 no Brasil. MÉTODOS: foi realizado estudo descritivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de relatórios e de contatos telefônicos com os setores responsáveis nos estados. RESULTADOS: o Ministério da Saúde implantou o Projeto, em 1999, em oito estados do Nordeste brasileiro onde foram treinados 3.000 carteiros e potencialmente beneficiadas 665.000 crianças menores de um ano e gestantes. No ano de 2000 o projeto treinou 6.100 carteiros das regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste, que levaram informações para cerca de 1.000.000 de mães de crianças menores de um ano e gestantes. Nos anos de 2001 e 2002 o projeto aconteceu em todo o Brasil. Em 2001 participaram 16.500 carteiros beneficiando 2.900.000 crianças menores de um ano e gestantes. Em 2002, foram treinados 23.400 carteiros, estimando-se cerca de 3.400.000 os beneficiários. CONCLUSÕES: esse projeto, em processo crescente no país, conquistou a confiança da população, e dos parceiros envolvidos, sendo uma estratégia importante para incentivar a prática da amamentação no país.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS: avaliar o cumprimento dos "Dez Passos para o Sucesso do Aleitamento Materno" nos hospitais "Amigos da Criança" (HAC) no Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo transversal de avaliação dos "Dez Passos..." dos HAC, realizado nos anos de 1999 e 2000, por avaliadores da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança (IHAC), credenciados pelo Ministério da Saúde, usando o formulário de pré-avaliação da IHAC. RESULTADOS: foram analisados os questionários de 137 HAC (90%) do total de 152 HAC credenciados na época no país. Observou-se que 92% dos HAC atenderam todos os "Dez Passos..." Os passos um, três, seis, sete, oito e nove apresentaram mais de 98% de cumprimento. O passo cinco foi o menos atendido. Comparando as regiões do país, observou-se que, no Nordeste, no Sul e no Sudeste, 90% dos hospitais foram aprovados em todos os "Dez Passos..." Na região Norte, apenas 50% dos hospitais cumpriram todos os "Dez Passos..." CONCLUSÕES: analisando a folha de dados gerais dos hospitais com pendências na avaliação dos passos, observa-se que 73,7% foram credenciados antes de 1997, sugerindo a necessidade de avaliações periódicas. A implantação de um sistema de monitoramento dessa iniciativa, contribuirá para a melhoria da qualidade da assistência e dos índices de aleitamento materno no país.

In the past few years, the monoclonal antibody MIB-1 has been used by researchers in order to retrospectively study paraffin imbibed tumor fragments. The medulloblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor in childhood. The objectives were: determination of the mean Mib-1 LI value from these patients, as well as the prognostic value of the method.This retrospective study represents an analysis of the cellular proliferation index of posterior fossa medulloblastomas collected from 22 patients at A.C. Camargo Hospital, from January 1990 to December 1999. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed by H&E and proliferative index (LI) was achived with Mib-1 which detects proliferating cells during G1, G2, S and M phases.The results demostrated that the mean Mib-1 was 30,1%, and ranged from 5,2% to 62,0%.In conclusion, this method has prognostic value, has to be used as routine for patients harboring medulloblastomas and the ones who have PI greater than the mean value found in this study, should be treated aggressively.

The Brazilian Regulatory Agency for fuel production and commercialization requires that the sodium concentration in alcohol fuel should be determined by flame photometry and that the analytical curves should be obtained with matrix-matched standards. Notwithstanding, this methodology can produce inexact results because alcohol fuel presents a significant variability in matrix composition and, consequently, in the matrix effect. This problem can be circumvented by using the standard addition method (SAM). However, this method is slow and laborious when it carried out by manual procedures. To overcome these drawbacks, an automatic flow-batch SAM for sodium determination in alcohol fuel by flame photometry is described. This system requires only one standard solution, handles about 80 - 140 samples per hour and consumes a total volume of sample and of standard solution smaller than 1.5 mL for each analysis. The results present a standard deviation usually less than 0.1 mg L-1 (n = 4).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a influência do reprodutor e da alimentação sobre o desempenho de cordeiros em confinamento. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2x4, costituído de dois grupos genéticos (Santa Inês x sem raça definida (SRD) e Somalis x SRD) e concentrado de milho em gão, farelo de soja e sal mineral a 15%, 30%, 45% e 60%. Trinta e dois animais foram confinados em baias individuais e cada um constituiu uma repetição. As dietas eram compostas de feno de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) e concentrado, na forma de ração completa. O aumento de concentrado na dieta dos animais causou incrementos lineares (P0,05) entre os concentrados, porém o grupo genético Somalis x SRD mostrou-se superior (P

This paper is a translation from IUPAC nomenclature document by K. Danzer and L. A. Currie (Pure Appl. Chem., 1998, 70(4), 993-1014). Its goal is to establish an uniform and meaningful approach to terminology (in Portuguese), notation, and formulation for calibation in analytical chemistry. In this first part, general fundamentals of calibration are presented, namely for both relationships of qualitative and quantitative variables (relations between variables characterizing certain types analytes of the measured function on the other hand and between variables characterizing the amount or concentration of the chemical species and the intensities of the measured signals, on the other hand). On this basis, the fundamentals of the common single component calibration (Univariate Calibration) which models the relationship y = f(x) between the signal intensities y and the amounts or concentrations x of the analyte under given conditions are represented. Additional papers will be prepared dealing with extensive relationships between several intensities and analyte contents, namely with multivariate calibrations and with optimization and experimental design.

Reaction of Li(P3C2Bu t2 ) with BrCH(SiMe3)2 results in a novel organophosphorus compound with the formula, P6C4Bu t4 CHSiMe3 (1). Compound 1 was fully characterised spectroscopically and its unique molecular structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Another isomer (2) with a saturated structure was also fully characterised.

A comparative study of the Fourier (FT) and the wavelet transforms (WT) for instrumental signal denoising is presented. The basic principles of wavelet theory are described in a succinct and simplified manner. For illustration, FT and WT are used to filter UV-VIS and plasma emission spectra using MATLAB software for computation. Results show that FT and WT filters are comparable when the signal does not display sharp peaks (UV-VIS spectra), but the WT yields a better filtering when the filling factor of the signal is small (plasma spectra), since it causes low peak distortion.

Foram utilizadas 42 vacas ou novilhas mestiças, de aptidão leiteira, distribuídas em dois tratamentos: T1 ( n=22 ) - grupo controle, sem tratamento hormonal; T2 (n=20) - grupo tratado com buserelina no quarto dia após a transferência de embrião (inovulação), com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do tratamento hormonal na taxa de gestação e nas concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona das receptoras de embrião bovino. As coletas de sangue para obtenção do plasma sangüíneo foram realizadas no dia da inovulação (dia 0) e de dois em dois dias, num total de cinco amostras por receptora. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado via transretal. O uso de um agonista do GnRH (Buserelina) no 4º dia após a inovulação não resultou em diferença entre os tratamentos na taxa de gestação. Entretanto, os níveis de progesterona das receptoras gestantes do grupo-tratado foram maiores em comparação às do grupo-controle.

O teste de Montenegro, utilizado no diagnóstico da leishmaniose tegumentar, tem sido recentemente considerado marcador de imunogenicidade após vacinação. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o poder sensibilizante deste teste e a produção de y-IFN in vitro, em indivíduos não expostos a Leishmania. Utilizaram-se para o teste antígenos de L. amazonensis produzido em nosso laboratório (grupo I) ou produzido pela FIOCRUZ-RJ (grupo II). No dia 30, 33% dos indivíduos do grupo I e 42% do grupo II converteram o teste para positivo, comparando-se com 67% do grupo I e 50% do grupo II no dia 90. y-IFN foi detectado em 56% dos indivíduos do grupo I e 17% do grupo II no dia 30 (169±309 e 11±36pg/ml) e em 67% do grupo I e 58% do grupo II no dia 360 (69±107 e 18±20pg/ml). Estes dados demonstram que o teste de Montenegro induz, além de hipersensibilidade tardia, a produção de y-IFN.

Investigation of the solution structures of [Ir4(CO)11L] (L = [Fe(eta5-P3C2Bu t2)(eta5-C5H 5)] (1) and [Fe(eta5-P3C2Bu t2)(eta5-P2C 3Bu t3)] (2) by 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy showed that, at 163K, 1 exists in the form of two isomers with bridged and non-bridged structures, in a 1:0.15 ratio, respectively, whereas 2 exists only in the bridged form. At RT, 1,2 shift of the eta5-P3C2Bu t 2 ring was only observed for compound 2. Where as 2 loses CO readily in solution to give [Ir4(CO)10{mu-eta¹-eta¹-[Fe(eta5-P3C2 Bu t2)(eta5-P2 C3Bu t3)}] (3), activation with Me3NO was necessary to produce [Ir4(CO)10{[Fe(eta5-P 3C2Bu t2)(eta5-C5H5)}] (4), obtained in the form of two non-interconverting isomers 4a and 4b, which were not able to be separated. A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of isomer 4a established that the [Fe(eta5-P3C2Bu t2)(eta5-C5H 5)] ligand bridges one of the edges of the Ir4 tetrahedron, interacting via the lone electron pair of one of the adjacent P atoms and in an eta²- mode via the P-P double bond of the eta5-P3C2Bu t 2 ring and that all CO ligands are terminally bonded. Variable temperature 31P{¹H} NMR spectroscopy evidenced a fluxional process involving interactions between the Ir1 and Ir2 atoms and the lone pair on P1, the P1-P2 bond, and the lone pair on P2. According to multinuclear NMR, cluster 4b has similar structure to compound 3, with the eta5-P3C2Bu t 2 ring co-ordinated in a eta¹-eta¹- mode via the two adjacent P atoms, and all CO ligands bonded terminally.

Investigou-se o ambiente doméstico, em termos de responsividade materna às demandas da criança, relacionada a atitudes em relação à maternidade e à criança. Quarenta e cinco mães e seus filhos, de uma área de favela urbana ou de bairros de classe média, foram entrevistadas e filmadas em suas casas, sobre questões relativas à maternidade e ao cuidado à criança. Um questionário investigando atitudes em relação à maternidade e à autonomia da criança foi também aplicado. A análise dos dados incluiu a construção de um escore de responsividade e o tratamento das respostas ao questionário para formar duas subescalas. Os resultados mostraram pouca diferença no grau de satisfação com a maternidade; em relação à autonomia da criança, houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas, relacionadas ao bairro de residência a ao nível de escolaridade. Os resultados são discutidos em termos da articulação entre práticas de cuidado à criança e sistemas culturais relacionados, e implicações desenvolvimentais.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency and the consequences of the co-infection of hepatitis B and C viruses in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS). METHODS: B and C serologic markers, exposure to risk factors, biochemical assays, upper gastrointestinal endoscopies, and abdominal ultrasonograms were evaluated in 101 patients with HSS from 1994 to 1997. Whenever possible, PCR was tested and histopathological studies were reviewed. RESULTS: At least one HBV virus marker was found in 15.8%, and anti-HCV was detected in 12.9% of the subjects. The seropositive subjects tended to be older than the seronegative ones. A history of blood transfusion was significantly related to the presence of anti-HCV. Three (18.75%) out of 16 subjects exposed to B virus were HBsAg positive. Eleven (84.6%) out of thirteen patients who were anti-HCV positive demonstrated viral activity. Patients with ongoing viral infection presented a higher average level of liver aminotransferases, a higher frequency of cell decompensation and a higher rate of chronic hepatitis. Portal hypertension parameters were not influenced by viral exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of hepatitis B and C viruses serologic markers observed in the patients with HSS was higher than the control group. The co-infection was responsible for a higher frequency of cell decompensation.

This review presents the evolution of simultaneous multicomponent analysis by absorption spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet and visual regions in terms of some qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques, otimization methods, as well as applications and modern trends.

Reaction of [Ir4(mu-H)(CO)9(Ph2PCºCPh)(mu-PPh2)] 1 with PºCBu t in CH2Cl2, at 35 °C, for 4 h yields the novel compound [Ir4(mu-CO)(CO)7{mu4-eta³-Ph2PC(H)C(Ph)PCBu t}(mu-PPh2)] 2, which contains the 2-phosphabutadienylphosphine chain. Compound 2 is also formed upon thermolysis of [Ir4(CO)10(Ph2PCºCPh)(PPh2H)] 3 in the presence of PºCBu t in thf, at 40 °C, for 48 h. Small amounts of [Ir4(mu-CO)(CO)7(mu3-eta²-HCCPh)(mu-PPh2)2] 4 are always obtained from both reactions, because of the competing rates of the transformations of 1 and 3 into 4 and of their reactions with PºCBu t. Compound 2 was characterized by analytical and spectroscopic studies such as FAB ms, ¹H, 31P,13C, 2D31P-¹H HETCOR, nOe difference and DEPT NMR experiments, which led to its formulation and established the coupling between the coordinated Ph2PCºCPh and PºCBu t and the migration of the hydride to the Calpha of the Ph2PCºCPh ligand. However, it was impossible to establish unambiguously if cleavage of the P-Csp bond of the Ph2PCºCPh ligand had occurred and the mode of interaction of the organophosphorus chain. An X-ray diffraction study of compound 2 established a butterfly arrangement of iridium atoms with the new ligand interacting with the metal framework via four sigma bonds and the PPh2 phosphorus lone pair.

O objetivo desta investigação foi identificar a prevalência da anemia e alguns de seus potenciais determinantes em 754 crianças de áreas urbanas de sete municípios na região do semi-árido baiano. Hemoglobina foi determinada em 745 crianças de um a 72 meses de idade. Para o grupo etário de seis a 72 meses um valor de hemoglobina < 11,0 g/dl identifica a anemia segundo recomendação da OMS enquanto o valor

Foram estudados 754 pré-escolares de áreas urbanas de sete municípios do semi-árido do Estado Bahia, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência da hipovitaminose A e sua associação com a idade, sexo, renda em salário-mínimo, escolaridade materna e adequação dietética em vitamina A. Na amostra estudada não se registrou nenhum caso de sinais e/ou sintomas de xeroftalmia durante o exame clínico-oftalmológico. Em 563 crianças foi possível a coleta de sangue para determinação de retinol sérico; encontrou-se um valor médio de 20,3 µg/dl (DP=10,8µg/dl) e uma prevalência de 15,3% de níveis deficientes (abaixo de 10,0 µg/dl). Em todos os sete municípios estudados a prevalência de retinol sérico deficiente foi superior a 5,0% que é nível crítico proposto pela OMS para considerar a hipovitaminose A como problema de saúde pública. A distribuição de retinol sérico encontrada não teve relação com o sexo das crianças, mas com a idade, diminuindo a prevalência de níveis deficientes e baixos na medida em que a idade aumenta. Não se encontrou associação entre renda familiar per capita ou escolaridade materna e a prevalência de níveis de retinol deficiente. Os resultados de consumo alimentar provenientes do inquérito recordatório de 24h mostraram que apenas 8% das crianças consumiram quantidades adequadas de retinol ou de seus precursores; 66% ingeriam abaixo da metade e quase 35% delas não chegaram a ingerir nem um quarto da quantidade recomendada para sua faixa etária. A carência de vitamina A deve ser considerada como problema de saúde pública severo, tanto pela alta prevalência de níveis deficientes de retinol em todos os municípios como também pela dimensão da inadequação dietética.

Does the establishment of technical standards for a geographical indication (GI) help in its sustainable development for the wine sector? Based on this question the present work aims to analyse the technical norms already published by the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms – ABNT, with the objective of examining if these can help in the structuring, recognition and sustainable development of the GI in Brazil. Two standards have already been published: Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR n. 16.479-2016 – Geographical Indication – Terminology; And the Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR n. 16.536-2016 – Geographical Indication – Guidelines for structuring a Geographical Indication for product. A technical standard dealing with the control of GI and a technical standard dealing with the GI management system are being elaborated. Considering the still recent publication of the standards, it was verified at the first moment the impossibility of investigating what would be the effective impacts of the technical norms in the wine-growing GI, as initially proposed. However, there is a gain that would not initially be considered: it was possible to systematize the best practices of GI available in Brazil through the elaboration of standards already published and those in the publication phase.

With a focus on the territories and their development, and in face of the expansion of New Vitiviniculture World, territories such as the “Vale dos Vinhedos”, located in the southern region of Brazil, have increasingly awakened the interest of entrepreneurs and researchers, serving as a ”model” of human development and progress of wine-related activities. Seeking to understand part of the complexity of the process of territorial development of the “Vale dos Vinhedos” this article proposes to portray the process of development of the municipalities that are encompassed by this territory, at the years 2000 and 2010, by means of the Sustainable Development Index (IDS) - developed by the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). The observed data showed that, in general, the indices of sustainable development of each municipality, as well as the aggregate index of the “Vale dos Vinhedos”, do not undergo significant transformations from the year 2000 to the year 2010, nor do they express satisfactory development results for the four dimensions analysed. These aspects can be explained by conflicts that are consolidated around the productive and traditional practices and other factores related to the dynamics of the territory.

This work aims to analyze the productive reality and propose a panorama for the Brazilian organic wine production, from the perspective of producers, representatives of the sector, market and consumers, thus seeking to highlight the market perspectives and adequacy to the consumers' aspirations. This production that aims to meet a growing demand for sustainable products, which include organic, biodynamic and natural foods, combined with the growing Brazilian tendency to consume better quality wines. To prosecute this study, an exploratory research was developed, interviewing twenty consumers, one intermediary, one representative of the sector and four wineries. The data were analyzed crossing the information collected with these actors and bring out key contents. The results show that production is not aligned with consumer demand that it is still necessary to review the information made available to consumers, in addition to making it clearer, other values could be aggregated to those products or better communicated. On this way, it is possible to conclude that an intermediate product between organic and conventional, which has sustainable practices in its production could meet the current demand, so that in the future it can produce an organic product that corresponds to the consumer's demand.

Multi-material domains are often found in industrial applications. Modelling them can be computationally very expensive due to meshing requirements. The finite element properties comprising different materials are hardly accurate. In this work, a new homogenization method that simplifies the computation of the homogenized Young modulus, Poisson ratio and thermal expansion coefficient is proposed, and applied to composite-like material on a printed circuit board. The results show a good properties correspondence between the homogenized domain and the real geometry simulation.

The Brazilian wine industry has been facing obstacles such as competition and high tax rates. Innovation is an alternative towards this scenario being it a major factor for any company's survival and growth in the market. Besides this, technological advances and access to information provide consumers with a larger number of choices and knowledge for an informed decision making. Despite differentiation efforts consumers did not obtain satisfaction. Customer interaction provides another way to generate innovation from its involvement in the production process (co-creation of value). The research was held in an awarded winery located in Bento Gonçalves (Brazil) with the objective of understanding how the process of value co-creation between Brazilian award-winning wineries and consumers influences innovation generation. It is an exploratory and qualitative study collected through in-depth interviews with a semi-structured script. The winery identifies beneficial effects in the production process resulting from interactions because it narrows the bond with the consumer creating a better understanding of the consumers as well as develop a more tailored offer regarding value. The innovations generated based on co-creation can be taken as an alternative to imposed barriers in the current Brazilian wine sector.

From the consumer pressure to healthier and sustainable food, and the search for quality of life, companies in various activities have reinvented to meet this demand. Organic products that have features to meet this trend, also took their place in the Brazilian wine industry, that is entered in this field to stay competitive. On the other hand, they found limiting factors that inhibiting the growth in supply of this product. In this perspective, the objective of this study is to describe and analyze what are the limiting factors for organic wine production in Brazil. To this end, an exploratory research was conducted from in-depth interviews, secondary data and direct observation. The collected data were crossed between companies and theory. The results are presented in the following chain of organic wine, based on primary resources - production - distribution - marketing and stakeholders. For conclusion, it is notable that wineries holding a major concern to maintain the certification, but the biggest challenge is to produce goodorganic grapes. On the other hand, it still requires marketing efforts, so that the product value can reach the end consumer

Abstract Background The incidence of malaria in the Amazon is seasonal and mosquito vectorial capacity parameters, including abundance and longevity, depend on quantitative and qualitative aspects of the larval diet. Anopheles darlingi is a major malaria vector in the Amazon, representing >95% of total Anopheles population present in the Porto Velho region. Despite its importance in the transmission of the Plasmodium parasite, knowledge of the larval biology and ecology is limited. Studies regarding aspects of adult population ecology are more common than studies on larval ecology. However, in order develop effective control strategies and laboratory breeding conditions for this species, more data on the factors affecting vector biology is needed. The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of larval food quantity on the vectorial capacity of An. darling under laboratory conditions. Methods Anopheles darlingi was maintained at 28°C, 80% humidity and exposed to a daily photoperiod of 12 h. Larvae were divided into three experimental groups that were fed either a low, medium, or high food supply (based on the food amounts consumed by other species of culicids). Each experiment was replicated for six times. A cohort of adults were also exposed to each type of diet and assessed for several biological characteristics (e.g. longevity, bite frequency and survivorship), which were used to estimate the vectorial capacity of each experimental group. Results The group supplied with higher food amounts observed a reduction in development time while larval survival increased. In addition to enhanced longevity, increasing larval food quantity was positively correlated with increasing frequency of bites, longer blood meal duration and wing length, resulting in greater vectorial capacity. However, females had greater longevity than males despite having smaller wings. Conclusions Overall, several larval and adult biological traits were significantly affected by larval food availability. Greater larval food supply led to enhance larval and production and larger mosquitoes with longer longevity and higher biting frequency. Thus, larval food availability can alter important biological traits that influence the vectorial capacity of An. darlingi.