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El bovino Criollo Mixteco es un recurso genético poco explorado, pero de gran valor por su potencial para ser empleado en sistemas de producción respetables con el entorno y adaptables a las condiciones del mismo. La identificación y caracterización de este recurso local es un punto primordial para su conservación y mejora, es por esto que en el presente estudio se llevó a cabo el análisis de la diversidad y relaciones genéticas de la población de bovinos Criollos Mixtecos de Oaxaca, mediante el empleo de 19 marcadores de ADN microsatélites y 32 poblaciones bovinas de referencia, pertenecientes al consorcio BIOBOVIS de la Red CONBIAND. El número medio de alelos detectados fue de 8.8 ± 2.1 y el número efectivo de alelos estimado fue de 4.5 ± 1.2. La diversidad genética representada por los valores de heterocigosidad esperada (0.7700 ± 0.0682) y observada (0.7170 ± 0.0998), se encontró dentro del rango de estimadores obtenidos en estudios previos con poblaciones bovinas locales empleando marcadores microsatélites. El análisis de la estructura poblacional reveló una influencia predominante de germoplasma ibérico (Bos taurus). Se observa además una estrecha relación entre el Criollo Mixteco y el resto de poblaciones bovinas criollas mexicanas a excepción del Criollo Lechero Tropical.

El objetivo fue analizar las características de las unidades de producción familiar ovina de dos municipios de la Mixteca Oaxaqueña teniendo como referencia el sistema de producción, acceso al mercado y el uso del territorio. Se usó una metodología mixta, empleando un cuestionario estructurado donde se analizaron variables de carácter socioeconómico y productivo; y observación participativa en 29 ovinocultores familiares. Los resultados señalan que el 100 % de los productores ven a la ovinocultura como principal fuente de ingresos, 86 % produce bajo un sistema de subsistencia, 100 % emplea la mano de obra familiar, la estrategia alimentaria principal es el pastoreo debido a las características del territorio y el tipo de tenencia de la tierra comunal en un 90 %, la función zootécnica es producción de carne destinada al comercio local y autoconsumo, 83 % de los productores cuentan con corral de encierro construido con material de la región, 86.7 % de los productores mantienen su corral dentro del predio familiar, se aplican escasas medidas de manejo y sanitarias. El análisis de los sistemas productivos permitió identificar formas de gestión de su producción la cual está ligada a los servicios dentro de su territorio, desarrollando una producción de tipo familiar que cumple con funciones económicas, sociales, ambientales y culturales, sin embargo, se cuenta con una baja productividad. Por lo cual, se considera necesario la adopción de tecnología e innovación a través de estrategias y políticas públicas que impulsen el desarrollo rural en zonas marginales tendientes a disminuir el nivel de pobreza e inseguridad alimentaria.

Creole sheep in México have undergone crossbreeding, provoking the loss of genetic variability. The objective of the present study is to determine the intra-racial genetic diversity, the genetic relationship with other genotypes, and the populational substructure of the Oaxacan Creole sheep. Twenty-nine blood samples were obtained of Creole sheep of the Oaxaca Mixteca region in México. A genetic analysis was made with 41 microsatellites recommended for studies of genetic diversity in sheep. An analysis was made of genetic diversity, populational structure, and genetic distance with 27 other sheep populations. The study found 205 alleles with a range of 2 to 9 by locus and an effective number of 3.33. The intra-racial analysis showed a moderate genetic diversity with values of expected heterozygosity of 0.686 and observed of 0.756, a mean polymorphic information content of 0.609, and a mean coefficient of consanguinity of −0.002. In interracial genetic diversity for the coefficients of consanguinity, the values were FIS = 0.0774, FIT = 0.16993, and FST = 0.10028, showing an elevated genetic distance with other creole breeds, but close to Argentine Creole, to another Creole of México and the Spanish Merino. Its genetic structure showed that it does not have any populational subdivision nor mixes with the others analyzed. It is concluded that it is a distinct and isolated population and is proposed as the creole breed “Chocholteca” for its conservation.

With 10 million new cases and three million deaths a year,the tuberculosis (TB) is one of the illnesses infectocontagiosasmore important of the world, preceded only by the malaria andthe VIH-SIDA, for what it is supported as one of the illnessestransmissible of big worry and occupation for the systemsof health. But not always it was like that, a moment came in the historyof this illness that one believed inclusive in his eradication, withoutit impeded the appearance of new,and the conjunction of old factorsthey have helped to reposicionar to the TB as a problem of attentionimmediate for the public global health. In this work we developa brief review of four factors that are impactandodeeply in the present and future of the TB: 1) The poverty; 2)The resistance to drugs, 3) The systems of diagnosis, and 4) youraffiliation with the virus of the inmunodefi human science. So much froma global perspective as national, and we conclude with the brief one evaluation on as we are preparing ourselves to face tothe tuberculosis

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Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: Creole animals are an important genetic resource due to their adaptation to adverse conditions, however, many of them have disappeared or have been reduced in number; therefore, their identification and preservation should be promoted. In the Mixteca zone of Oaxaca, México, there is a group of creole sheep with physical differences with respect to the other known breeds. The objective of the present study was to determine the degree of differentiation among the individuals of the population of creole sheep and the similarities with other breeds, as well as to measure their level of conservation and consanguinity. It was found that there is a group of sheep which is different from the presently known breeds and that they do not present high degree of consanguinity, and thus may be considered a new breed. Therefore, it is proposed that they are identified as the Chocholteca Creole breed, in honor of the ethnic group which inhabits this region. The present study is very important because it discovers a new genotype of sheep, which amplifies the genetic diversity. Therefore, further studies are needed, given that they are a potential alternative of meat and wool. Creole sheep in México have undergone crossbreeding, provoking the loss of genetic variability. The objective of the present study is to determine the intra-racial genetic diversity, the genetic relationship with other genotypes, and the populational substructure of the Oaxacan Creole sheep. Twenty-nine blood samples were obtained of Creole sheep of the Oaxaca Mixteca region in México. A genetic analysis was made with 41 microsatellites recommended for studies of genetic diversity in sheep. An analysis was made of genetic diversity, populational structure, and genetic distance with 27 other sheep populations. The study found 205 alleles with a range of 2 to 9 by locus and an effective number of 3.33. The intra-racial analysis showed a moderate genetic diversity with values of expected heterozygosity of 0.686 and observed of 0.756, a mean polymorphic information content of 0.609, and a mean coefficient of consanguinity of −0.002. In interracial genetic diversity for the coefficients of consanguinity, the values were FIS = 0.0774, FIT = 0.16993, and FST = 0.10028, showing an elevated genetic distance with other creole breeds, but close to Argentine Creole, to another Creole of México and the Spanish Merino. Its genetic structure showed that it does not have any populational subdivision nor mixes with the others analyzed. It is concluded that it is a distinct and isolated population and is proposed as the creole breed "Chocholteca" for its conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]