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La crianza de ganado caprino en la Mixteca Oaxaqueña tiene raíces desde la época colonial y en la actualidad es parte sustantiva de la cultura de la población indígena y mestiza. Con base en estos hechos, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar desde el enfoque territorial el papel de la caprinocultura en la reconfiguración de la región de la Mixteca Oaxaqueña. El trabajo se realizó en 2016-2017 a través de análisis documental y fenomenología, haciendo recorridos de campo, entrevistas a informantes clave para revisar los significados y experiencias vividas en la producción y consumo de ganado caprino. Los resultados demuestran que con la llegada de los conquistadores se produjeron costumbres y tradiciones vinculadas a la caprinocultura, es decir, se reterritorializó la cultura y las redes sociales complejas para habitar un espacio diferente. A través del tiempo, la crianza de cabras se vinculó estrechamente con prácticas culinarias para el consumo, a tal grado que en la actualidad coexisten el pastoreo, la trashumancia, fiestas y tradiciones como la matanza y la elaboración de mole de cadera, este último como un componente básico de la gastronomía, originando expresiones sociales y culturales que han contribuido a reconfigurar la región de la Mixteca Oaxaqueña.

Objective: To establish milk stability using the alcohol test in cows with different feeding strategies in the tropical dairy system. Design/methodology/approach: Ten crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows whose milk frequently tested positive to the alcohol test were housed in individual yards and distributed into two groups. Experiment 1. T1: cows consumed dry Pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha); T2: cows consumed green Maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum violaceum). Forage was provided ad libitum. Experiment 2. T1 cows were supplemented with a concentrate with higher crude protein and metabolizable energy percentage than T2 cows; this percentage was gradually increased up to 4.0 kg. Milk was subjected to alcohol testing. Variance analyzes were performed under categorical data models. Results: Higher percentages of cases that tested positive for alcohol were observed in cows that consumed dry grass than in cows that consumed green grass (P

La preocupacion por solventar el problema del hambre ha traido a escena los conceptos de seguridad y soberania alimentaria, originados en distintos contextos. Siendo el objeto de este escrito la revision documental y analisis de estos dos conceptos, establecer sus diferencias, asi como a la reflexion sobre la importancia de la pequena produccion para solventar el problema del hambre. Se concluye que la produccion campesina abona a una soberania alimentaria desde un sustento cultural y economico que se traduce en una logica de reproduccion social desde la comunalidad, lo que puede contribuir a ver una forma distinta de desarrollo que la impuesta por el sistema hegemonico

Simple Summary Creole animals are an important genetic resource due to their adaptation to adverse conditions, however, many of them have disappeared or have been reduced in number; therefore, their identification and preservation should be promoted. In the Mixteca zone of Oaxaca, México, there is a group of creole sheep with physical differences with respect to the other known breeds. The objective of the present study was to determine the degree of differentiation among the individuals of the population of creole sheep and the similarities with other breeds, as well as to measure their level of conservation and consanguinity. It was found that there is a group of sheep which is different from the presently known breeds and that they do not present high degree of consanguinity, and thus may be considered a new breed. Therefore, it is proposed that they are identified as the Chocholteca Creole breed, in honor of the ethnic group which inhabits this region. The present study is very important because it discovers a new genotype of sheep, which amplifies the genetic diversity. Therefore, further studies are needed, given that they are a potential alternative of meat and wool. Abstract Creole sheep in México have undergone crossbreeding, provoking the loss of genetic variability. The objective of the present study is to determine the intra-racial genetic diversity, the genetic relationship with other genotypes, and the populational substructure of the Oaxacan Creole sheep. Twenty-nine blood samples were obtained of Creole sheep of the Oaxaca Mixteca region in México. A genetic analysis was made with 41 microsatellites recommended for studies of genetic diversity in sheep. An analysis was made of genetic diversity, populational structure, and genetic distance with 27 other sheep populations. The study found 205 alleles with a range of 2 to 9 by locus and an effective number of 3.33. The intra-racial analysis showed a moderate genetic diversity with values of expected heterozygosity of 0.686 and observed of 0.756, a mean polymorphic information content of 0.609, and a mean coefficient of consanguinity of −0.002. In interracial genetic diversity for the coefficients of consanguinity, the values were FIS = 0.0774, FIT = 0.16993, and FST = 0.10028, showing an elevated genetic distance with other creole breeds, but close to Argentine Creole, to another Creole of México and the Spanish Merino. Its genetic structure showed that it does not have any populational subdivision nor mixes with the others analyzed. It is concluded that it is a distinct and isolated population and is proposed as the creole breed “Chocholteca” for its conservation.