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1. Contrasting carbon cycle responses to dry (2015 El Niño) and wet (2008 La Niña) extreme events at an Amazon tropical forest

Author

Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia, Campos, Kleber Silva, Alves, Luciana F., Longo, Marcos, Wiedemann, Kenia T., de Oliveira, Raimundo Cosme, Jr., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Christoffersen, Bradley O., Camargo, Plinio B., Figueira, Adelaine M.e S., Ferreira, Maurício Lamano, Oliveira, Rafael S., Penha, Deliane, Prohaska, Neill, da Araujo, Alessandro C., Daube, Bruce C., Wofsy, Steven C., and Saleska, Scott R.

Published
2024
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3. Large scale multi-layer fuel load characterization in tropical savanna using GEDI spaceborne lidar data

Author

Leite, Rodrigo Vieira, Silva, Carlos Alberto, Broadbent, Eben North, Amaral, Cibele Hummel do, Liesenberg, Veraldo, Almeida, Danilo Roberti Alves de, Mohan, Midhun, Godinho, Sérgio, Cardil, Adrian, Hamamura, Caio, Faria, Bruno Lopes de, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Hirsch, André, Marcatti, Gustavo Eduardo, Dalla Corte, Ana Paula, Zambrano, Angelica Maria Almeyda, Costa, Máira Beatriz Teixeira da, Matricardi, Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli, Silva, Anne Laura da, Goya, Lucas Ruggeri Ré Y., Valbuena, Ruben, Mendonça, Bruno Araujo Furtado de, Silva Junior, Celso H.L., Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., García, Mariano, Liang, Jingjing, Merrick, Trina, Hudak, Andrew T., Xiao, Jingfeng, Hancock, Steven, Duncason, Laura, Ferreira, Matheus Pinheiro, Valle, Denis, Saatchi, Sassan, and Klauberg, Carine

Published
2022
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9. Vegetation chlorophyll estimates in the Amazon from multi-angle MODIS observations and canopy reflectance model

Author

Hilker, Thomas, Galvão, Lênio Soares, Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., de Moura, Yhasmin M., do Amaral, Cibele H., Lyapustin, Alexei I., Wu, Jin, Albert, Loren P., Ferreira, Marciel José, Anderson, Liana O., dos Santos, Victor A.H.F., Prohaska, Neill, Tribuzy, Edgard, Barbosa Ceron, João Vitor, Saleska, Scott R., Wang, Yujie, de Carvalho Gonçalves, José Francisco, de Oliveira Junior, Raimundo Cosme, Cardoso Rodrigues, João Victor Figueiredo, and Garcia, Maquelle Neves

Published
2017
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10. Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

Author

Bennett, Amy C., Rodrigues de Sousa, Thaiane, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Morandi, Paulo, Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Castro, Wendeson, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Flores Llampazo, Gerardo, dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Ramos, Elianna, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Baker, Timothy R., Costa, Flávia R.C, Lewis, Simon L., Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Schietti, Juliana, Burban, Benoit, Berenguer, Erika, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Restrepo Correa, Zorayda, Lopez, Wilmar, Delgado Santana, Flávia, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Elias, Fernando, Vásquez Martinez, Rodolfo, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Galbraith, David, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Emilio, Thaise, Prestes, Nayane C. C. S., Barlow, Jos, Alencar Fagundes, Nathalle Cristine, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Aparecida Vieira, Simone, Andrade Maia, Vinícius, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Banki, Olaf, Baraloto, Christopher, Barbosa Camargo, Plínio, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bento da Silva, Wilder, Bonal, Damien, Borges Miranda Santos, Alisson, Brienen, Roel, Brown, Foster, Castilho, Carolina V., Cerruto Ribeiro, Sabina, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Chavez, Ezequiel, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Davila Cardozo, Nallaret, de Aguiar-Campos, Natália, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Disney, Mathias, do Socorro, Maria, Dourdain, Aurélie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Joice Nunes, Forni Martins, Valeria, Gardner, Toby, Gloor, Emanuel, Gutierrez Sibauty, Gloria, Guillen, René, Hase, Eduardo, Herault, Bruno, et al., Bennett, Amy C., Rodrigues de Sousa, Thaiane, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Morandi, Paulo, Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Castro, Wendeson, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Flores Llampazo, Gerardo, dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Ramos, Elianna, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Baker, Timothy R., Costa, Flávia R.C, Lewis, Simon L., Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Schietti, Juliana, Burban, Benoit, Berenguer, Erika, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Restrepo Correa, Zorayda, Lopez, Wilmar, Delgado Santana, Flávia, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Elias, Fernando, Vásquez Martinez, Rodolfo, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Galbraith, David, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Emilio, Thaise, Prestes, Nayane C. C. S., Barlow, Jos, Alencar Fagundes, Nathalle Cristine, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Aparecida Vieira, Simone, Andrade Maia, Vinícius, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Banki, Olaf, Baraloto, Christopher, Barbosa Camargo, Plínio, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bento da Silva, Wilder, Bonal, Damien, Borges Miranda Santos, Alisson, Brienen, Roel, Brown, Foster, Castilho, Carolina V., Cerruto Ribeiro, Sabina, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Chavez, Ezequiel, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Davila Cardozo, Nallaret, de Aguiar-Campos, Natália, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Disney, Mathias, do Socorro, Maria, Dourdain, Aurélie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Joice Nunes, Forni Martins, Valeria, Gardner, Toby, Gloor, Emanuel, Gutierrez Sibauty, Gloria, Guillen, René, Hase, Eduardo, Herault, Bruno, and et al.

Abstract

The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha−1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected.

Published
2023

14. Anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests can double biodiversity loss from deforestation

Author

Barlow, Jos, Lennox, Gareth D., Ferreira, Joice, Berenguer, Erika, Lees, Alexander C., Nally, Ralph Mac, Thomson, James R., de Barros Ferraz, Silvio Frosini, Louzada, Julio, Oliveira, Victor Hugo Fonseca, Parry, Luke, de Castro Solar, Ricardo Ribeiro, Vieira, Ima C.G., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Begotti, Rodrigo Anzolin, Braga, Rodrigo F., Cardoso, Thiago Moreira, de Oliveira, Jr., Raimundo Cosme, Souza, Jr., Carlos M., Moura, Nargila G., Nunes, Samia Serra, Siqueira, Joao Victor, Pardini, Renata, Silveira, Juliana M., Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., Veiga, Ruan Carlo Stulpen, Venturieri, Adriano, and Gardner, Toby A.

Subjects
Deforestation -- Environmental aspects, Rain forests -- Environmental aspects, Biological diversity -- Observations, Environmental impact analysis -- Methods, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Concerted political attention has focused on reducing deforestation (1-3), and this remains the cornerstone of most biodiversity conservation strategies (4-6). However, maintaining forest cover may not reduce anthropogenic forest disturbances, which are rarely considered in conservation programmes (6). These disturbances occur both within forests, including selective logging and wildfires (7,8), and at the landscape level, through edge, area and isolation effects (9). Until now, the combined effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the conservation value of remnant primary forests has remained unknown, making it impossible to assess the relative importance of forest disturbance and forest loss. Here we address these knowledge gaps using a large data set of plants, birds and dung beetles (1,538, 460 and 156 species, respectively) sampled in 36 catchments in the Brazilian state of Para. Catchments retaining more than 69-80% forest cover lost more conservation value from disturbance than from forest loss. For example, a 20% loss of primary forest, the maximum level of deforestation allowed on Amazonian properties under Brazil's Forest Code (5), resulted in a 39-54% loss of conservation value: 96-171% more than expected without considering disturbance effects. We extrapolated the disturbance-mediated loss of conservation value throughout Para, which covers 25% of the Brazilian Amazon. Although disturbed forests retained considerable conservation value compared with deforested areas, the toll of disturbance outside Para's strictly protected areas is equivalent to the loss of 92,000-139,000 [km.sup.2] of primary forest. Even this lowest estimate is greater than the area deforested across the entire Brazilian Amazon between 2006 and 2015 (ref. 10). Species distribution models showed that both landscape and within-forest disturbances contributed to biodiversity loss, with the greatest negative effects on species of high conservation and functional value. These results demonstrate an urgent need for policy interventions that go beyond the maintenance of forest cover to safeguard the hyper-diversity of tropical forest ecosystems., Protecting tropical forests is a fundamental pillar of many national and international strategies for conserving biodiversity (4-6). Although improved regulatory and incentive measures have reduced deforestation rates in some tropical [...]

Published
2016

15. Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across Amazonian forests

Author

Sousa, Thaiane R., Schietti, Juliana, Ribeiro, Igor O., Emilio, Thaise, Herrera Fernández, Rafael, Ter Steege, Hans, Castilho, Carolina V., Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Baker, Timothy R., Pontes-Lopes, Aline, Silva, Camila V. J., Silveira, Juliana M., Derroire, Géraldine, Castro, Wendeson, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel L., Ruschel, Ademir R., Prieto, Adriana, Nogueira Lima, Adriano Jose, Rudas, Agustin, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Parada Gutierrez, Alexander, Andrade, Ana, Roopsind, Anand, Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Di Fiore, Anthony, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Dourdain, Aurélie, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Burban, Benoit, van Ulft, Bert, Herault, Bruno, Quesada, Carlos Alberto, Mendoza, Casimiro, Stahl, Clément, Bonal, Damien, Galbraith, David, Neill, David, de Oliveira, Edmar A., Hase, Eduardo, Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana, Vilanova, Emilio, Arets, Eric, Berenguer, Erika, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Almeida, Everton, Coelho, Fernanda, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Elias, Fernando, Brown, Foster, Bongers, Frans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Van Der Heijden, Geertje, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Flores Llampazo, Gerardo, Pardo, Guido, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Comiskey, James A., Singh, James, Silva Espejo, Javier, Del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, Zwerts, Joeri Alexander, Talbot, Joey, Terborgh, John, Ferreira, Joice, Barroso, Jorcely, Barlow, Jos, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Stropp, Juliana, Peacock, Julie, Serrano, Julio, Melgaço, Karina, Ferreira, Leandro, Blanc, Lilian, Poorter, Lourens, Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Arroyo, Luzmila, Silveira, Marcos, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Nuñez Vargas, Percy, Toledo, Marisol, Disney, Mathias, Rejou-Mechain, Maxime, Baisie, Michel, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Davila Cardozo, Nallaret, Silva, Natalino, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Higuchi, Niro, Banki, Olaf, Alvarez Loayza, Patricia, Graça, Paulo M. L. A., Morandi, Paulo, van der Meer, Peter J., van der Hout, Peter, and Naisso, Petrus

Subjects
Écologie forestière, F40 - Écologie végétale, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, forêt tropicale, Nappe souterraine, Productivité
Abstract

Aim: Water availability is the major driver of tropical forest structure and dynamics. Most research has focused on the impacts of climatic water availability, whereas remarkably little is known about the influence of water table depth and excess soil water on forest processes. Nevertheless, given that plants take up water from the soil, the impacts of climatic water supply on plants are likely to be modulated by soil water conditions. Location: Lowland Amazonian forests. Time period: 1971–2019. Methods: We used 344 long-term inventory plots distributed across Amazonia to analyse the effects of long-term climatic and edaphic water supply on forest functioning. We modelled forest structure and dynamics as a function of climatic, soil-water and edaphic properties. Results Water supplied by both precipitation and groundwater affects forest structure and dynamics, but in different ways. Forests with a shallow water table (depth

Published
2022

16. A multi-data assessment of land use and land cover emissions from Brazil during 2000-2019

Author

Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O'Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O'Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, and Sitch, Stephen

Abstract

Brazil is currently the largest contributor of land use and land cover change (LULCC) carbon dioxide net emissions worldwide, representing 17%-29% of the global total. There is, however, a lack of agreement among different methodologies on the magnitude and trends in LULCC emissions and their geographic distribution. Here we perform an evaluation of LULCC datasets for Brazil, including those used in the annual global carbon budget (GCB), and national Brazilian assessments over the period 2000-2018. Results show that the latest global HYDE 3.3 LULCC dataset, based on new FAO inventory estimates and multi-annual ESA CCI satellite-based land cover maps, can represent the observed spatial variation in LULCC over the last decades, representing an improvement on the HYDE 3.2 data previously used in GCB. However, the magnitude of LULCC assessed with HYDE 3.3 is lower than estimates based on MapBiomas. We use HYDE 3.3 and MapBiomas as input to a global bookkeeping model (bookkeeping of land use emission, BLUE) and a process-based Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (JULES-ES) to determine Brazil's LULCC emissions over the period 2000-2019. Results show mean annual LULCC emissions of 0.1-0.4 PgC yr-1, compared with 0.1-0.24 PgC yr-1 reported by the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation System of land use changes and forest sector (SEEG/LULUCF) and by FAO in its latest assessment of deforestation emissions in Brazil. Both JULES-ES and BLUE now simulate a slowdown in emissions after 2004 (-0.006 and -0.004 PgC yr-2 with HYDE 3.3, -0.014 and -0.016 PgC yr-2 with MapBiomas, respectively), in agreement with the Brazilian INPE-EM, global Houghton and Nassikas book-keeping models, FAO and as reported in the 4th national greenhouse gas inventories. The inclusion of Earth observation data has improved spatial representation of LULCC in HYDE and thus model capability to simulate Brazil's LULCC emissions. This will likely contribute to reduce uncertainty in global LULCC emissions, and thu

Published
2021

17. A multi-data assessment of land use and land cover emissions from Brazil during 2000-2019

Author

Environmental Sciences, Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O'Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Environmental Sciences, Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O'Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, and Sitch, Stephen

Published
2021

18. Long-term (1990-2019) monitoring of forest cover changes in the humid tropics

Author

Vancutsem, Christelle, Achard, Frédéric, Pekel, J.F., Vieilledent, Ghislain, Carboni, S., Simonetti, Dario, Gallego, Javier, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Nasi, Robert, Vancutsem, Christelle, Achard, Frédéric, Pekel, J.F., Vieilledent, Ghislain, Carboni, S., Simonetti, Dario, Gallego, Javier, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., and Nasi, Robert

Abstract

Accurate characterization of tropical moist forest changes is needed to support conservation policies and to quantify their contribution to global carbon fluxes more effectively. We document, at pantropical scale, the extent and changes (degradation, deforestation, and recovery) of these forests over the past three decades. We estimate that 17% of tropical moist forests have disappeared since 1990 with a remaining area of 1071 million hectares in 2019, from which 10% are degraded. Our study underlines the importance of the degradation process in these ecosystems, in particular, as a precursor of deforestation, and in the recent increase in tropical moist forest disturbances (natural and anthropogenic degradation or deforestation). Without a reduction of the present disturbance rates, undisturbed forests will disappear entirely in large tropical humid regions by 2050. Our study suggests that reinforcing actions are needed to prevent the initial degradation that leads to forest clearance in 45% of the cases.

Published
2021

19. Exploring the likelihood and mechanism of a climate-change-induced dieback of the Amazon rainforest

Author

Malhi, Yadvinder, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Galbraith, David, Huntingford, Chris, Fisher, Rosie, Zelazowski, Przemyslaw, Sitch, Stephen, McSweeney, Carol, and Meir, Patrick

Subjects
Rain forests -- United States, Rain forests -- Environmental aspects, Climatic changes -- Research, Forest declines -- Causes of, Science and technology
Abstract

We examine the evidence for the possibility that 21st-century climate change may cause a large-scale 'dieback' or degradation of Amazonian rainforest. We employ a new framework for evaluating the rainfall regime of tropical forests and from this deduce precipitation-based boundaries for current forest viability. We then examine climate simulations by 19 global climate models (GCMs) in this context and find that most tend to underestimate current rainfall. GCMs also vary greatly in their projections of future climate change in Amazonia. We attempt to take into account the differences between GCM-simulated and observed rainfall regimes in the 20th century. Our analysis suggests that dry-season water stress is likely to increase in E. Amazonia over the 21st century, but the region tends toward a climate more appropriate to seasonal forest than to savanna. These seasonal forests may be resilient to seasonal drought but are likely to face intensified water stress caused by higher temperatures and to be vulnerable to fires, which are at present naturally rare in much of Amazonia. The spread of fire ignition associated with advancing deforestation, logging, and fragmentation may act as nucleation points that trigger the transition of these seasonal forests into fire-dominated, low biomass forests. Conversely, deliberate limitation of deforestation and fire may be an effective intervention to maintain Amazonian forest resilience in the face of imposed 21st-century climate change. Such intervention may be enough to navigate E. Amazonia away from a possible 'tipping point,' beyond which extensive rainforest would become unsustainable. carbon dioxide | drought | fire | tropical forests | adaptation doi/10.1073/pnas.0804619106

Published
2009

20. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel Jacobus Wilhelmus, Fauset, Sophie, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Baker, Timothy R., Chao, Kuo-Jung, Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, Emanuel, Higuchi, Niro, Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanne, Lloyd, Jon, Liu, Haiyan, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Poorter, Lourens, Silveira, Marcos, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Almeida, Everton, Alvarez Loayza, Patricia, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Baisie, Michel, Baraloto, Christopher, Barbosa Camargo, Plínio, Barroso, Jorcely, Blanc, Lilian, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Boot, René, Brown, Foster, Burban, Benoit, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Castro, Wendeson, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Chave, Jérôme, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Lola da Costa, Antonio Carlos, Davila Cardozo, Nallaret, Di Fiore, Anthony, and Dourdain, Aurélie

Subjects
forêt tropicale, Mortalité, Écologie forestière, santé des forêts, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Facteur de risque, dégradation des forêts, K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection
Abstract

The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted—modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth–survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality.

Published
2020

21. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author

Sullivan, Martin J. P., Lewis, Simon L., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Castilho, Carolina V., Costa, Flávia R.C, Cuni Sanchez, Aida, Ewango, Corneille, Hubau, Wannes, Marimon, Beatriz S., Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Qie, Lan, Sonké, Bonaventure, Vásquez Martinez, R., Baker, Timothy R., Brienen, Roel, Feldpausch, Ted R., Galbraith, David, Gloor, Emanuel, Malhi, Yadvinder, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alexiades, Miguel N., Almeida, Everton, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez Davila, Esteban, Alvarez Loayza, Patricia, Andrade, Ana, Aparecida Vieira, Simone, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baccaro, Fabrício B., Banin, Lindsay F., Baraloto, Christopher, Barbosa Camargo, Plínio, Barlow, Jos, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastin, Jean-François, Batterman, Sarah A., Beeckman, Hans, Begne, Serge K., Bennett, Amy C., Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Blanc, Lilian, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Brncic, Terry, Brown, Foster, Burban, Benoit, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Castro, Wendeson, Cerón, Carlos, Cerruto Ribeiro, Sabina, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Chave, Jérôme, Chézeaux, Eric, Clark, Connie J., Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corrales Medina, Massiel, Da Costa, Lola, Dančák, Martin, Dargie, Greta C., Davies, Stuart J., Davila Cardozo, Nallaret, De Haulleville, Thales, Brilhante de Medeiros, Marcelo, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Di Fiore, Anthony, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Dourdain, Aurélie, Droissant, Vincent, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Ekoungoulou, Romeo, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Fauset, Sophie, Ferreira, Joice, Flores Llampazo, Gerardo, Foli, Ernest G., Ford, Andrew, Gilpin, Martin, Hall, Jefferson, Hamer, Keith C., Hamilton, Alan C., Harris, David, Hart, Terese, Hédl, Radim, and Herault, Bruno

Subjects
Changement climatique, Résistance à la température, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Réponse de la plante, Tolérance à la chaleur, adaptation aux changements climatiques, forêt tropicale, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Réchauffement global
Abstract

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate.

Published
2020

22. Recent deforestation drove the spike in Amazonian fires

Author

Cardil, Adrián, de-Miguel, Sergio, Silva, Carlos Alberto, Reich, Peter B., Calkin, David, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Vibrans, Alexander C., Gamarra, Javier Garcia Perez, Zhou, Mo, Pijanowski, Bryan, Hui, Cang, Crowther, Thomas W., Herault, Bruno, Piotto, Daniel, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Broadbent, Eben North, Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Picard, Nicolas, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Bastin, Jean-François, Routh, Devin, van den Hoogen, Johan, Peri, Pablo Luis, Liang, Jingjing, Cardil, Adrián, de-Miguel, Sergio, Silva, Carlos Alberto, Reich, Peter B., Calkin, David, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Vibrans, Alexander C., Gamarra, Javier Garcia Perez, Zhou, Mo, Pijanowski, Bryan, Hui, Cang, Crowther, Thomas W., Herault, Bruno, Piotto, Daniel, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Broadbent, Eben North, Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Picard, Nicolas, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Bastin, Jean-François, Routh, Devin, van den Hoogen, Johan, Peri, Pablo Luis, and Liang, Jingjing

Published
2020

23. Emerging threats linking tropical deforestation and the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Broadbent, Eben North, de-Miguel, Sergio, Cardil, Adrián, Rosa, Marcos R., Almeida, Catherine T., Almeida, Danilo R.A., Chakravarty, Shourish, Zhou, Mo, Gamarra, Javier Garcia Perez, Liang, Jingjing, Crouzeilles, Renato, Herault, Bruno, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Silva, Carlos Alberto, Almeyda-Zambrano, Angelica M., Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Broadbent, Eben North, de-Miguel, Sergio, Cardil, Adrián, Rosa, Marcos R., Almeida, Catherine T., Almeida, Danilo R.A., Chakravarty, Shourish, Zhou, Mo, Gamarra, Javier Garcia Perez, Liang, Jingjing, Crouzeilles, Renato, Herault, Bruno, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Silva, Carlos Alberto, and Almeyda-Zambrano, Angelica M.

Abstract

Tropical deforestation drivers are complex and can change rapidly in periods of profound societal transformation, such as those during a pandemic. Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred illegal, opportunistic forest clearing in tropical countries, threatening forest ecosystems and their resident human communities. A total of 9583 km2 of deforestation alerts from Global Land Analysis & Discovery (GLAD) were detected across the global tropics during the first month following the implementation of confinement measures of local governments to reduce COVID-19 spread, which is nearly double that of 2019 (4732 km2). We present a conceptual framework linking tropical deforestation and the current pandemic. Zoonotic diseases, public health, economy, agriculture, and forests may all be reciprocally linked in complex positive and negative feedback loops with overarching consequences. We highlight the emerging threats to nature and society resulting from this complex reciprocal interplay and possible policy interventions that could minimize these threats.

Published
2020

24. The global abundance of tree palms

Author

Muscarella, Robert, Emilio, Thaise, Phillips, Oliver L., Lewis, Simon L., Slik, J.W. Ferry, Baker, William J., Couvreur, Thomas, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, De Almeida, Everton Cristo, De Almeida, Samuel S., Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Alvez-Valles, Carlos Mariano, Alvim Carvalho, Fabrício, Alzate Guarin, Fernando, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Araujo Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Barbosa de Camargo, Plínio, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean-François, Nssi Bengone, Natacha, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Bradford, Matt, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brewer, Steven W., Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campbell, David G., Castilho, Carolina V., Castro, Wendeson, Catchpole, Damien, Cerón Martínez, Jose L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Cho, Percival, Chutipong, Wanlop, Clark, Connie J., Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A., Corrales Medina, Massiel, Costa, Flávia R.C, Culmsee, Heike, David-Higuita, Heriberto, Davidar, Priya, Del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Di Fiore, Anthony, Van Do, Tran, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Dourdain, Aurélie, Drake, Ronald D., Ensslin, Andreas, Erwin, Terry, Ewango, Corneille, Ewers, Robert M., Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Joice, Valle Ferreira, Leandro, Fischer, Markus, Franklin, Janet, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gilpin, Martin, Gonmadje, Christelle, Gunatilleke, Arachchige Upali Nimal, Rehman Hakeem, Khalid, Hall, Jefferson, Hamer, Keith C., Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Herault, Bruno, Hidalgo Pizango, Carlos Gabriel, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hubau, Wannes, Shah Hussain, Mohammad, Ibrahim, Faridah-Hanum, Imai, Nobuo, Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, K, Anitha, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin, Killeen, Timothy J., Kitayama, Kanehiro, Bang Klitgård, Bente, Kooyman, Robert, Labriere, Nicolas, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, et al., Muscarella, Robert, Emilio, Thaise, Phillips, Oliver L., Lewis, Simon L., Slik, J.W. Ferry, Baker, William J., Couvreur, Thomas, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, De Almeida, Everton Cristo, De Almeida, Samuel S., Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Alvez-Valles, Carlos Mariano, Alvim Carvalho, Fabrício, Alzate Guarin, Fernando, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Araujo Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Barbosa de Camargo, Plínio, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean-François, Nssi Bengone, Natacha, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Bradford, Matt, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brewer, Steven W., Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campbell, David G., Castilho, Carolina V., Castro, Wendeson, Catchpole, Damien, Cerón Martínez, Jose L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Cho, Percival, Chutipong, Wanlop, Clark, Connie J., Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A., Corrales Medina, Massiel, Costa, Flávia R.C, Culmsee, Heike, David-Higuita, Heriberto, Davidar, Priya, Del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Di Fiore, Anthony, Van Do, Tran, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Dourdain, Aurélie, Drake, Ronald D., Ensslin, Andreas, Erwin, Terry, Ewango, Corneille, Ewers, Robert M., Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Joice, Valle Ferreira, Leandro, Fischer, Markus, Franklin, Janet, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gilpin, Martin, Gonmadje, Christelle, Gunatilleke, Arachchige Upali Nimal, Rehman Hakeem, Khalid, Hall, Jefferson, Hamer, Keith C., Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Herault, Bruno, Hidalgo Pizango, Carlos Gabriel, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hubau, Wannes, Shah Hussain, Mohammad, Ibrahim, Faridah-Hanum, Imai, Nobuo, Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, K, Anitha, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin, Killeen, Timothy J., Kitayama, Kanehiro, Bang Klitgård, Bente, Kooyman, Robert, Labriere, Nicolas, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, and et al.

Abstract

Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neot

Published
2020

25. Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Baker, Timothy R., Dexter, K., Lewis, Simon L., Brienen, Roel Jacobus Wilhelmus, Feldpausch, Ted R., Lloyd, Jon, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Arroyo, Luzmila, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Higuchi, Niro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon, Ben Hur Junior, Silveira, Marcos, Vilanova, Emilio, Gloor, Emanuel, Malhi, Yadvinder, Chave, Jérôme, Barlow, Jos, Bonal, Damien, Davila Cardozo, Nallaret, Erwin, Terry, Fauset, Sophie, Herault, Bruno, Laurance, Susan G.W., Poorter, Lourens, Qie, Lan, Stahl, Clément, Sullivan, Steven, Ter Steege, Hans, Vos, Vincent, Zuidema, Pieter A., Almeida, Everton, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Andrade, Ana, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Araujo Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Aymard, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barbosa de Camargo, Plínio, Barroso, Jorcely, Bongers, Frans, Boot, René, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Castro, Wendeson, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Comiskey, James, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Lola da Costa, Antonio Carlos, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Di Fiore, Anthony, Fernanda Duque, Luisa, Elias, Fernando, Engel, Julien, Flores Llampazo, Gerardo, Galbraith, David, Herrera Fernández, Rafael, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hubau, Wannes, Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana, Lima, Adriano José Nogueira, Umetsu, Ricardo Keichi, Laurance, William F., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Aurelio Melo Cruz, Omar, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David, Nuñez Vargas, Percy, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Parada Gutierrez, Alexander, Pardo, Guido, Peacock, Julie, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Petronelli, Pascal, et al., Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Baker, Timothy R., Dexter, K., Lewis, Simon L., Brienen, Roel Jacobus Wilhelmus, Feldpausch, Ted R., Lloyd, Jon, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Arroyo, Luzmila, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Higuchi, Niro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon, Ben Hur Junior, Silveira, Marcos, Vilanova, Emilio, Gloor, Emanuel, Malhi, Yadvinder, Chave, Jérôme, Barlow, Jos, Bonal, Damien, Davila Cardozo, Nallaret, Erwin, Terry, Fauset, Sophie, Herault, Bruno, Laurance, Susan G.W., Poorter, Lourens, Qie, Lan, Stahl, Clément, Sullivan, Steven, Ter Steege, Hans, Vos, Vincent, Zuidema, Pieter A., Almeida, Everton, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Andrade, Ana, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Araujo Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Aymard, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barbosa de Camargo, Plínio, Barroso, Jorcely, Bongers, Frans, Boot, René, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Castro, Wendeson, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Comiskey, James, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Lola da Costa, Antonio Carlos, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Di Fiore, Anthony, Fernanda Duque, Luisa, Elias, Fernando, Engel, Julien, Flores Llampazo, Gerardo, Galbraith, David, Herrera Fernández, Rafael, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hubau, Wannes, Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana, Lima, Adriano José Nogueira, Umetsu, Ricardo Keichi, Laurance, William F., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Aurelio Melo Cruz, Omar, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David, Nuñez Vargas, Percy, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Parada Gutierrez, Alexander, Pardo, Guido, Peacock, Julie, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Petronelli, Pascal, and et al.

Abstract

Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate‐induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long‐term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water‐deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large‐statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry‐affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet‐affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry‐affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate‐change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole‐community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large‐statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.

Published
2019

26. The incidence of fire in amazonian forests with implications for REDD

Author

Aragao, Luiz E.O.C. and Shimabukuro, Yosio E.

Subjects
Deforestation -- Environmental aspects, Deforestation -- Research, Forests and forestry -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) may curb carbon emissions, but the consequences for fire hazard are poorly understood. By analyzing satellite-derived deforestation and fire data from the Brazilian Amazon, we show that fire occurrence has increased in 59% of the area that has experienced reduced deforestation rates. Differences in fire frequencies across two rand-use gradients reveal that fire-free land-management can substantially reduce fire incidence by as much as 69%. If sustainable fire-free land-management of deforested areas is not adopted in the REDD mechanism, then the carbon savings achieved by avoiding deforestation may be partially negated by increased emissions from fires. doi: 10.1126/science.1186925

Published
2010
Full Text
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28. Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome

Author

Sullivan, Martin J. P., Talbot, Joey, Lewis, Simon L., Phillips, Oliver L., Qie, Lan, Begne, Serge K., Chave, Jérôme, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Hubau, Wannes, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Miles, Lera, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sunderland, Terry C.H., Ter Steege, Hans, White, Lee J.T., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, De Almeida, Everton Cristo, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alvarez Davila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Ashton, Peter, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Balinga, Michael, Banin, Lindsay F., Baraloto, Christopher, Bastin, Jean-François, Berry, Nicholas J., Bogaert, Jan, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Cerón, Carlos, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Chézeaux, Eric, Clark, Connie J., Cogollo Pacheco, Álvaro, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Dargie, Greta C., Davies, Stuart J., De Cannière, Charles, Djuikouo Kamdem, Marie Noel, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Erwin, Terry, Silva Espejo, Javier, Ewango, Corneille, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Herrera, Rafael, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Hall, Jefferson, Harris, David, Hart, Terese, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Khoon Kho, Lip, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Laurance, Susan G.W., Laurance, William F., Leal, Miguel, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Lovett, Jon C., Mpanya Lukasu, Faustin, Makana, Jean-Rémy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Morandi, Paulo, Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Mukinzi, Jacques M., Nilus, Reuben, Nuñez Vargas, Percy, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Petronelli, Pascal, et al., Sullivan, Martin J. P., Talbot, Joey, Lewis, Simon L., Phillips, Oliver L., Qie, Lan, Begne, Serge K., Chave, Jérôme, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Hubau, Wannes, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Miles, Lera, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sunderland, Terry C.H., Ter Steege, Hans, White, Lee J.T., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, De Almeida, Everton Cristo, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alvarez Davila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Ashton, Peter, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Balinga, Michael, Banin, Lindsay F., Baraloto, Christopher, Bastin, Jean-François, Berry, Nicholas J., Bogaert, Jan, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Cerón, Carlos, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Chézeaux, Eric, Clark, Connie J., Cogollo Pacheco, Álvaro, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Dargie, Greta C., Davies, Stuart J., De Cannière, Charles, Djuikouo Kamdem, Marie Noel, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Erwin, Terry, Silva Espejo, Javier, Ewango, Corneille, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Herrera, Rafael, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Hall, Jefferson, Harris, David, Hart, Terese, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Khoon Kho, Lip, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Laurance, Susan G.W., Laurance, William F., Leal, Miguel, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Lovett, Jon C., Mpanya Lukasu, Faustin, Makana, Jean-Rémy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Morandi, Paulo, Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Mukinzi, Jacques M., Nilus, Reuben, Nuñez Vargas, Percy, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Petronelli, Pascal, and et al.

Abstract

Tropical forests are global centres of biodiversity and carbon storage. Many tropical countries aspire to protect forest to fulfil biodiversity and climate mitigation policy targets, but the conservation strategies needed to achieve these two functions depend critically on the tropical forest tree diversity-carbon storage relationship. Assessing this relationship is challenging due to the scarcity of inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and species identifications have been simultaneously and robustly quantified. Here, we compile a unique pan-tropical dataset of 360 plots located in structurally intact old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of diversity-carbon relationships in tropical forests. Diversity-carbon relationships among all plots at 1 ha scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either weak (Asia) or absent (Amazonia, Africa). A weak positive relationship is detectable within 1 ha plots, indicating that diversity effects in tropical forests may be scale dependent. The absence of clear diversity-carbon relationships at scales relevant to conservation planning means that carbon-centred conservation strategies will inevitably miss many high diversity ecosystems. As tropical forests can have any combination of tree diversity and carbon stocks both require explicit consideration when optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and biodiversity.

Published
2017

29. Climate drivers of the Amazon forest greening

Author

Wagner, Fabien, Herault, Bruno, Rossi, Vivien, Hilker, Thomas, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Sanchez, Alber, Lyapustin, Alexei I., Galvão, Lênio Soares, Wang, Yujie, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Wagner, Fabien, Herault, Bruno, Rossi, Vivien, Hilker, Thomas, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Sanchez, Alber, Lyapustin, Alexei I., Galvão, Lênio Soares, Wang, Yujie, and Aragao, Luiz E.O.C.

Abstract

Our limited understanding of the climate controls on tropical forest seasonality is one of the biggest sources of uncertainty in modeling climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Combining leaf production, litterfall and climate observations from satellite and ground data in the Amazon forest, we show that seasonal variation in leaf production is largely triggered by climate signals, specifically, insolation increase (70.4% of the total area) and precipitation increase (29.6%). Increase of insolation drives leaf growth in the absence of water limitation. For these non-water-limited forests, the simultaneous leaf flush occurs in a sufficient proportion of the trees to be observed from space. While tropical cycles are generally defined in terms of dry or wet season, we show that for a large part of Amazonia the increase in insolation triggers the visible progress of leaf growth, just like during spring in temperate forests. The dependence of leaf growth initiation on climate seasonality may result in a higher sensitivity of these ecosystems to changes in climate than previously thought.

Published
2017

30. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, K., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel, Chave, Jérôme, Galbraith, David, Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R.T., Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel N., Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely, Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G.A., Camargo, Jose Luis C., Comiskey, James, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, and Hérault, Bruno

Subjects
Phylogénie, Écologie, F40 - Écologie végétale, Évolution, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Écologie forestière, Variation génétique, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Lignée
Abstract

Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.

Published
2016

31. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

Author

Johnson, Michelle O., Galbraith, David, Gloor, Manuel, De Deurwaerder, Hannes, Guimberteau, Matthieu, Rammig, Anja, Thonicke, Kirsten, Verbeeck, Hans, Von Randow, Celso, Monteagudo, Abel, Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Feldpausch, Ted R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Fauset, Sophie, Quesada, Carlos A., Christoffersen, Bradley, Ciais, Philippe, Sampaio, Gilvan, Kruijt, Bart, Meir, Patrick, Moorcroft, Paul, Zhang, Ke, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alves De Oliveira, Atila, Amaral, Ieda, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, Luzmila, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jocely, Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene, Camargo, Jose, Chave, Jerome, Cogollo, Alvaro, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Lola Da Costa, Antonio C., Di Fiore, Anthony, Ferreira, Leandro, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio, Euridice N., Killeen, Tim J., Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Licona, Juan, Lovejoy, Thomas, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Bia, Marimon, Ben Hur, Matos, Darley C.L., Mendoza, Casimiro, Neill, David A., Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, Lourens, Prieto, Adriana, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Roopsind, Anand, Rudas, Agustin, Salomao, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, Ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Raquel, Toledo, Marisol, Torres-Lezama, Armando, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., Vasquez, Rodolfo, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Cèlia, Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Baker, Timothy R., Johnson, Michelle O., Galbraith, David, Gloor, Manuel, De Deurwaerder, Hannes, Guimberteau, Matthieu, Rammig, Anja, Thonicke, Kirsten, Verbeeck, Hans, Von Randow, Celso, Monteagudo, Abel, Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Feldpausch, Ted R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Fauset, Sophie, Quesada, Carlos A., Christoffersen, Bradley, Ciais, Philippe, Sampaio, Gilvan, Kruijt, Bart, Meir, Patrick, Moorcroft, Paul, Zhang, Ke, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alves De Oliveira, Atila, Amaral, Ieda, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, Luzmila, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jocely, Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene, Camargo, Jose, Chave, Jerome, Cogollo, Alvaro, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Lola Da Costa, Antonio C., Di Fiore, Anthony, Ferreira, Leandro, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio, Euridice N., Killeen, Tim J., Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Licona, Juan, Lovejoy, Thomas, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Bia, Marimon, Ben Hur, Matos, Darley C.L., Mendoza, Casimiro, Neill, David A., Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, Lourens, Prieto, Adriana, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Roopsind, Anand, Rudas, Agustin, Salomao, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, Ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Raquel, Toledo, Marisol, Torres-Lezama, Armando, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., Vasquez, Rodolfo, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Cèlia, Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Baker, Timothy R.

Abstract

Understanding the processes that determine aboveground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity (woody NPP) and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size-structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influence AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates, and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP, and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs

Published
2016

32. Trade-offs in the social-ecological values associated with different land-uses in the eastern Amazon

Author

Gardner, Toby, Garrett, Rachael, Barlow, Jos, Ferreira, Joice, Parry, Luke, Lees, Alexander Charles, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Barbosa De Oliveira, Junior Jose Max, Berenguer, Erika, Campos de Oliveira, Vivian, Cerri, Carlos Eduardo P., Coudel, Emilie, Durigan, Mariana, Ezzine de Blas, Driss, Feres, Jose, Ferraz, S., Goncalves, C., Morello, Thiago Fonseca, Gomes de Brito, Janaína, Gontijo Leal, Cecilia, Goncalves, Karoline, Hamada, Neusa, Hughes, Robert, Leandro, Juen, Kaufman, P., Leitao, Rafael, Louzada, Julio, Marchand, Sébastien, MacNally, Ralph C., Moura, Nargila, Nessimian, Jorge, Nunes, Samia, Oliveira, Victor, Pardini, Renata, Paulo, Pompeu, Rossetti, Felipe, Saveiro, Nicola, Siqueira, Joao, Solar, Ricardo, Souza, Junior Carlos, Strassburg, Bernardo, Thomson, J., Torres, Patricia, Viana, Cecilia Fadigas, Vieira, Ima, Weinhold, Diana, and Zuanon, Jansen

Subjects
E11 - Économie et politique foncières, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, E50 - Sociologie rurale, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières
Abstract

Proposed session: Understanding challenges and opportunities facing a transition to more sustainable land-use systems in the Eastern Amazon Current trajectories of rural development across much of the tropics are not sustainable. Forests continue to be cleared at a rate of c. 50,000 km2 p.a. and much of the remaining forests are severely degraded from the effects of fragmentation, over-exploitation, fire and climate change. In many areas where forests have been cleared for agriculture, land remains under-utilized and poorly managed. Low agricultural yields and degrading soils contribute towards a failure to meet increasing market demands for commodities within areas already cleared for agriculture, as well making often limited contributions to improvements in well being for many rural people. A transformation to more sustainable development trajectories in tropical agricultural frontiers depends partly on our ability to identify, understand and reconcile apparent conflicts and tradeoffs between human development and environmental objectives, including the maintenance of biodiversity and ecological life-support processes. Research to date on conservation-development trade-offs in production landscapes has focussed largely on local (farm) scale responses of biodiversity to different levels of intensification and yields. We have a poorer understanding of how changes in production affect the provision of key ecosystem services, equity of outcomes, and how these relationships may differ between local and landscape scales, encompassing the full agricultural-forest mosaic. We present data from a large-scale, interdisciplinary assessment by the Sustainable Amazon Network of land-use sustainability in the Brazilian Amazon to ask: How do patterns of ecological and socio-economic condition co-vary across gradients of increasing land-use intensification at multiple scales, and what might be the implications of such trade-offs for environmental conservation and long-term human development opportunities? The RAS initiative has a number of advantages for addressing this question. This includes the collection of co-located ecological and socioeconomic data at local, landscape and regional scales, and a strong engagement with many actors and non-research institutions., We use RAS data on ecological (terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, above-ground carbon stocks, soil nutrient status and in-stream habitat integrity) and socioeconomic (agricultural productivity and profit, labour and producer well-being) indicators from more than 400 sites and rural properties in 36 catchments across to two regions. At the local scale, this is based on levels of above-ground vegetation, from undisturbed primary forest through to degraded and secondary forest and different production systems. At the landscape scale, the level of human impacts is determined by the extent of deforestation that involves a gradient from 6 to 100% of remaining forest cover in each study region, reflecting different periods of recent agricultural colonisation and distances from the deforestation frontier. Results from this comparative analysis reveal high levels of variability in social and ecological condition within landscapes dominated by small and large properties. This same heterogeneity reveals significant scope to improve conservation and socioeconomic objectives through changes in the management of both agricultural and forested lands, including the adoption of alternative approaches to achieving environmental compliance, options for increased agricultural productivity and ecosystem service markets. (Texte integral)

Published
2014

33. Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling

Author

Fauset, Sophie, Johnson, Michelle O., Gloor, Emanuel, Baker, Timothy R., Monteagudo, Abel, Brienen, Roel Jacobus Wilhelmus, Feldpausch, Ted R., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Malhi, Yadvinder, Ter Steege, Hans, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Baraloto, Christopher, Engel, Julien, Petronelli, Pascal, Andrade, Ana, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Laurance, Susan G.W., Laurance, William F., Chave, Jérôme, Allie, Elodie, Nuñez Vargas, Percy, Terborgh, John, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Silveira, Marcos, Aymard, Gerardo A., Arroyo, Luzmila, Bonal, Damien, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Neill, David, Hérault, Bruno, Dourdain, Aurélie, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Marimon, Beatriz S., Salomão, Rafael P., Comiskey, James A., Rejou-Mechain, Maxime, Toledo, Marisol, Licona, Juan Carlos, Alarcón, Alfredo, Prieto, Adriana, Rudas, Agustin, van der Meer, Peter J., Killeen, Timothy J., Marimon, Ben Hur Junior, Poorter, Lourens, Boot, R.G.A., Stergios, Basil, Vilanova, Emilio, Costa, Flávia R.C, Levis, Caroline, Schietti, Juliana, Souza, Priscila, Groot, N., Arets, Eric J. M. M., Chama Moscoso, Victor, Castro, Wendeson, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Peña-Claros, Marielos, Stahl, Clément, Barroso, Jorcely, Talbot, Joey, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Van Der Heijden, Geertje, Thomas, R., Vos, Vincent, Almeida, E.C., Alvarez Davila, Esteban, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Erwin, Terry, Morandi, Paulo, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Valadaõ, Marco B.X., Zagt, Roderick, van der Hout, Peter, Alvarez Loayza, Patricia, Pipoly, John, Wang, Ophelia, Alexiades, Miguel N., Cerón, Carlos, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Di Fiore, Anthony, Peacock, Julie, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Umetsu, Ricardo Keichi, Barbosa de Camargo, Plínio, Burnham, Robyn J., Herrera, Rafael, Quesada, Carlos Alberto, Stropp, Juliana, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Steininger, Marc, Reynel Rodriguez, Carlos, Restrepo, Z., Esquivel Muelbert, Adriane, Lewis, Simon L., Pickavance, Georgia C., Phillips, Oliver L., Fauset, Sophie, Johnson, Michelle O., Gloor, Emanuel, Baker, Timothy R., Monteagudo, Abel, Brienen, Roel Jacobus Wilhelmus, Feldpausch, Ted R., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Malhi, Yadvinder, Ter Steege, Hans, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Baraloto, Christopher, Engel, Julien, Petronelli, Pascal, Andrade, Ana, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Laurance, Susan G.W., Laurance, William F., Chave, Jérôme, Allie, Elodie, Nuñez Vargas, Percy, Terborgh, John, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Silveira, Marcos, Aymard, Gerardo A., Arroyo, Luzmila, Bonal, Damien, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Neill, David, Hérault, Bruno, Dourdain, Aurélie, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Marimon, Beatriz S., Salomão, Rafael P., Comiskey, James A., Rejou-Mechain, Maxime, Toledo, Marisol, Licona, Juan Carlos, Alarcón, Alfredo, Prieto, Adriana, Rudas, Agustin, van der Meer, Peter J., Killeen, Timothy J., Marimon, Ben Hur Junior, Poorter, Lourens, Boot, R.G.A., Stergios, Basil, Vilanova, Emilio, Costa, Flávia R.C, Levis, Caroline, Schietti, Juliana, Souza, Priscila, Groot, N., Arets, Eric J. M. M., Chama Moscoso, Victor, Castro, Wendeson, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Peña-Claros, Marielos, Stahl, Clément, Barroso, Jorcely, Talbot, Joey, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Van Der Heijden, Geertje, Thomas, R., Vos, Vincent, Almeida, E.C., Alvarez Davila, Esteban, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Erwin, Terry, Morandi, Paulo, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Valadaõ, Marco B.X., Zagt, Roderick, van der Hout, Peter, Alvarez Loayza, Patricia, Pipoly, John, Wang, Ophelia, Alexiades, Miguel N., Cerón, Carlos, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Di Fiore, Anthony, Peacock, Julie, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Umetsu, Ricardo Keichi, Barbosa de Camargo, Plínio, Burnham, Robyn J., Herrera, Rafael, Quesada, Carlos Alberto, Stropp, Juliana, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Steininger, Marc, Reynel Rodriguez, Carlos, Restrepo, Z., Esquivel Muelbert, Adriane, Lewis, Simon L., Pickavance, Georgia C., and Phillips, Oliver L.

Abstract

While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few 'hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region.

Published
2015

34. The linkages between photosynthesis, productivity, growth and biomass in lowland Amazonian forests

Author

Malhi, Yadvinder, Doughty, C. E, Goldsmith, Gregory R., Girardin, Cécile A.J., Metcalfe, D B, Marthews, Toby R., Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon Del, Brando, Paulo M, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Silva-Espejo, Javier E, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C, Meir, Patrick, Malhi, Yadvinder, Doughty, C. E, Goldsmith, Gregory R., Girardin, Cécile A.J., Metcalfe, D B, Marthews, Toby R., Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon Del, Brando, Paulo M, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Silva-Espejo, Javier E, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C, and Meir, Patrick

Abstract

Understanding the relationship between photosynthesis, net primary productivity and growth in forest ecosystems is key to understanding how these ecosystems will respond to global anthropogenic change, yet the linkages among these components are rarely explored in detail. We provide the first comprehensive description of the productivity, respiration and carbon allocation of contrasting lowland Amazonian forests spanning gradients in seasonal water deficit and soil fertility. Using the largest data set assembled to date, ten sites in three countries all studied with a standardized methodology, we find that (i) gross primary productivity (GPP) has a simple relationship with seasonal water deficit, but that (ii) site-to-site variations in GPP have little power in explaining site-to-site spatial variations in net primary productivity (NPP) or growth because of concomitant changes in carbon use efficiency (CUE), and conversely, the woody growth rate of a tropical forest is a very poor proxy for its productivity. Moreover, (iii) spatial patterns of biomass are much more driven by patterns of residence times (i.e. tree mortality rates) than by spatial variation in productivity or tree growth. Current theory and models of tropical forest carbon cycling under projected scenarios of global atmospheric change can benefit from advancing beyond a focus on GPP. By improving our understanding of poorly understood processes such as CUE, NPP allocation and biomass turnover times, we can provide more complete and mechanistic approaches to linking climate and tropical forest carbon cycling.

Published
2015

35. The rainforest's water pump: an investigation of naturally occurring water recycling in rainforests finally marries the results of global climate models with observations. Alarmingly, it also suggests that deforestation can greatly reduce tropical rainfall

Author

Aragao, Luiz E.O.C.

Subjects
Rain and rainfall -- Environmental aspects, Deforestation -- Environmental aspects -- United States, Rain forests -- Analysis -- Investigations -- Models -- Environmental aspects -- United States, Climate models -- Analysis -- Investigations -- Models, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The humid tropics contain more than 35% of global forests, covering an area of 11,564,000 square kilometres (ref. 1). Tropical trees can extract deep soil water and pump it back [...]

Published
2012

36. Quantifying and Modelling the Seasonality of Pantropical Forest Net Primary Production Using Field Observations and Remote Sensing Data

Author

Wagner, Fabien, Hérault, Bruno, Anderson, Liana O., Rossi, Vivien, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Wagner, Fabien, Hérault, Bruno, Anderson, Liana O., Rossi, Vivien, and Aragao, Luiz E.O.C.

Abstract

Climate models predict a range of changes in the Amazonian region, including increased frequency of extreme climatic events, increased average temperatures, increased atmospheric CO2 and reduced rainfall intensity. Understanding tree growth response to climate is important because wood production is the main way carbon enters the forest ecosystem. The response of tropical tree growth to changing climate could drive a change in the direction of the flux from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere. Recently, in French Guiana, we have observed that the peak increase in biomass (early wet season), estimated by diameter growth, was not correlated with the peak in chlorophyll activity (early dry season) in French Guiana. This could reflect different timing in the use of photosynthesis products by the plant for primary growth, i.e. shoot growth and leaves production, and secondary growth, i.e. wood production. To go further, we conducted an analysis combining information on monthly tree growth measurements from 13694 trees (73 pan-tropical forest sites) and monthly litterfall measurements (81 South American sites), with their correspondent monthly climate data and satellite derived vegetation indices (MODIS EVI and NDVI), to calibrate, parameterize and validate a pan-tropical model of biomass production. Specifically, we aim to (i) analyze if there is a coherence between the biological mechanisms observed from field and from satellite measurements and (ii) determine the relative contribution of climate and environmental site characteristics on the seasonal biomass production. The results of this work will provide a novel pantropical description of the carbon cycle in tropical forest ecosystems at a seasonal time scale as a function of site and climate characteristics and will be used to quantify changes in tropical forest functioning, in terms of the responses of carbon fluxes to climate change using the CMIP5 climate scenarios.

Published
2014

37. Productivity and carbon allocation in a tropical montane cloud forest in the Peruvian Andes

Author

Girardin, Cécile A.J., Silva Espejobb, Javier E., Doughty, C. E, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Metcalfe, Daniel B, Durand-Baca, Liliana, Marthews, Toby R., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C, Farfán-Rios, William, García-Cabreraf, Karina, Halladay, K, Fisher, Joshua B, Meir, Patrick, Girardin, Cécile A.J., Silva Espejobb, Javier E., Doughty, C. E, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Metcalfe, Daniel B, Durand-Baca, Liliana, Marthews, Toby R., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C, Farfán-Rios, William, García-Cabreraf, Karina, Halladay, K, Fisher, Joshua B, and Meir, Patrick

Abstract

Background: The slopes of the eastern Andes harbour some of the highest biodiversity on Earth and a high proportion of endemic species. However, there have been only a few and limited descriptions of carbon budgets in tropical montane forest regions.Aims

Published
2014

38. Variations in Amazon forest productivity correlated with foliar nutrients and modelled rates of photosynthetic carbon supply

Author

Mercado, Lina M., Patino, Sandra, Domingues, Tomas F., Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Weedon, Graham P., Sitch, Stephen, Quesada, Carlos Alberto, Phillips, Oliver L., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Malhi, Yadvinder, Dolman, A.J., Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia, Saleska, Scott R., Baker, Timothy R., Almeida, Samuel, Higuchi, Niro, Lloyd, Jon, Mercado, Lina M., Patino, Sandra, Domingues, Tomas F., Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Weedon, Graham P., Sitch, Stephen, Quesada, Carlos Alberto, Phillips, Oliver L., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Malhi, Yadvinder, Dolman, A.J., Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia, Saleska, Scott R., Baker, Timothy R., Almeida, Samuel, Higuchi, Niro, and Lloyd, Jon

Abstract

The rate of above-ground woody biomass production, WP, in some western Amazon forests exceeds those in the east by a factor of 2 or more. Underlying causes may include climate, soil nutrient limitations and species composition. In this modelling paper, we explore the implications of allowing key nutrients such as N and P to constrain the photosynthesis of Amazon forests, and also we examine the relationship between modelled rates of photosynthesis and the observed gradients in WP. We use a model with current understanding of the underpinning biochemical processes as affected by nutrient availability to assess: (i) the degree to which observed spatial variations in foliar [N] and [P] across Amazonia affect stand-level photosynthesis; and (ii) how these variations in forest photosynthetic carbon acquisition relate to the observed geographical patterns of stem growth across the Amazon Basin. We find nutrient availability to exert a strong effect on photosynthetic carbon gain across the Basin and to be a likely important contributor to the observed gradient in WP. Phosphorus emerges as more important than nitrogen in accounting for the observed variations in productivity. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of future tropical forests under a changing climate.

Published
2011

39. Relationships between phenology, radiation and precipitation in the Amazon region

Author

Bradley, Andrew V., Gerard, France F., Barbier, Nicolas, Weedon, Graham P., Anderson, Liana O., Huntingford, Chris, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Zelazowski, Przemyslaw, Arai, Egidio, Bradley, Andrew V., Gerard, France F., Barbier, Nicolas, Weedon, Graham P., Anderson, Liana O., Huntingford, Chris, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Zelazowski, Przemyslaw, and Arai, Egidio

Abstract

In tropical areas, Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) still have deficiencies in simulating the timing of vegetation phenology. To start addressing this problem, standard Fourier-based methods are applied to aerosol screened monthly remotely sensed phenology time series (Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) and two major driving factors of phenology: solar radiation and precipitation (for March 2000 through December 2006 over northern South America). At 1 × 1 km scale using, power (or variance) spectra on good quality aerosol screened time series, annual cycles in EVI are detected across 58.24% of the study area, the strongest (largest amplitude) occurring in the savanna. Terra Firme forest have weak but significant annual cycles in comparison with savannas because of the heterogeneity of vegetation and nonsynchronous phenological events within 1 × 1 km scale pixels. Significant annual cycles for radiation and precipitation account for 86% and 90% of the region, respectively, with different spatial patterns to phenology. Cross-spectral analysis was used to compare separately radiation with phenology/EVI, precipitation with phenology/EVI and radiation with precipitation. Overall the majority of the Terra Firme forest appears to have radiation as the driver of phenology (either radiation is in phase or leading phenology/EVI at the annual scale). These results are in agreement with previous research, although in Acre, central and eastern Peru and northern Bolivia there is a coexistence of ‘in phase’ precipitation over Terra Firme forest. In contrast in most areas of savanna precipitation appears to be a driver and savanna areas experiencing an inverse (antiphase) relationship between radiation and phenology is consistent with inhibited grassland growth due to soil moisture limitation. The resulting maps provide a better spatial understanding of phenology–driver relationships offering a bench mark to parameterize ecological models.

Published
2011

40. Productivity and carbon allocation in a tropical montane cloud forest in the Peruvian Andes

Author

Girardin, Cécile A.J., primary, Espejob, Javier E. Silva, additional, Doughty, Christopher E., additional, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, additional, Metcalfe, Dan B., additional, Durand-Baca, Liliana, additional, Marthews, Toby R., additional, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., additional, Farfán-Rios, William, additional, García-Cabrera, Karina, additional, Halladay, Katherine, additional, Fisher, Joshua B., additional, Galiano-Cabrera, Darcy F., additional, Huaraca-Quispe, Lidia P., additional, Alzamora-Taype, Ivonne, additional, Eguiluz-Mora, Luzmila, additional, -Revilla, Norma Salinas, additional, Silman, Miles R., additional, Meir, Patrick, additional, and Malhi, Yadvinder, additional

Published
2013
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