288 results on '"Araos P"'
Search Results
2. Oxidative stress promotes cytotoxicity in human cancer cell lines exposed to Escallonia spp. extracts
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Jara-Gutiérrez, Carlos, Mercado, Luis, Paz-Araos, Marilyn, Howard, Carolyn, Parraga, Mario, Escobar, Camila, Mellado, Marco, Madrid, Alejandro, Montenegro, Iván, Santana, Paula, Murgas, Paola, Jimenez-Jara, Cristina, González-Olivares, Luis Guillermo, Ahumada, Manuel, and Villena, Joan
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- 2024
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3. The Banality of Organizational Wrongdoing: A Reading on Arendt’s Thoughtlessness Thesis
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Hernández, Javier and Araos, Consuelo
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- 2024
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4. Exploring the Contribution of Self-Assessment Checklists to Improve Oral Presentations
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Cañete-Gutiérrez, Guillermo and Inostroza-Araos, María-Jesús
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This action research aims at exploring the contribution of self-assessment checklists on improving oral presentations of two participants that were taking an initial-level English as a second language course at a technician professional institute in Talcahuano, Chile. The intervention was carried out in four weekly sessions in which the participants were trained on the different criteria to assess their oral presentations. The participants self-assessed their work with a checklist and performed a second presentation based on their first self-assessment. Analytic rubrics were also used as an external assessment to compare results from the checklists. At the end of the intervention, a semi-structured interview was conducted to obtain the participants' perceptions about the process. Findings reveal that by developing autonomy, language awareness, and self-reflective skills, the use of the self-assessment checklist supported the participants not only to improve their oral presentation in overall aspects, mainly in fluency and pronunciation aspects, but also to make positive changes in their confidence and expectations about their performance.
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- 2022
5. Current State of High-School Students' Multiliteracy after a Year of Online Lessons in the Context of Chile
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Araos-Gallardo, Nicole
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The worldwide pandemic Coronavirus disease, affected every aspect of people's lives due to being locked at their homes, therefore many difficulties began to appear, especially in education. Scholars were the leading group that has been affected the most due to the online lessons that began from one day to another, without any kind of previous training specifically in these types of contexts at home. According to some national diagnostical studies, most of the students could not achieve the minimum educational objectives in mathematics and language, which are the essential subjects in Chilean education. In this study, in which qualitative phenomenology analysis was used, the aim was to reveal the current state of students after a whole year of online lessons in terms of personal technological use and personal perceptions about e-learning. In this study, in which the criterion sampling was used, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 adolescents from different sorts of schools who experienced online lessons using their previous personal knowledge in Information and Communication Technologies. The data were analyzed in Nvivo node tree, which revealed six main themes that define the experience and personal perception of the participants: adaptation to the new order, learning by their own, how to use better the technology, use of social media, new ways of personal knowledge sharing, importance of classmates. It is believed that the results obtained from this study will contribute to schools' view of learning and teaching education in the 21st century and to improve students' experiences in online lessons.
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- 2022
6. Adiabatic Quantum Computing for Logistic Transport Optimization
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Sales, Juan Francisco Ariño and Araos, Raúl Andres Palacios
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Quantum Physics ,Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
Current world trade is based and supported in a strong and healthy supply chain, where logistics play a key role in producing and providing key assets and goods to keep societies and economies going. Current geopolitical and sanitary challenges faced in the entire world have made even more critical the role of logistics and increased demands for tuning transport function to keep the supply chain up and running. The challenge is only increasing and growing for the future, thus tackling transport optimization provides both business and social value. Optimization problems are ubiquitous and they present a challenge due to its complexity, where they're typically NP-hard problems. Quantum Computing is a developing field, and the Quantum Annealing approach has proven to be quite effective in its applicability and usefulness to tackle optimization problems. In this work we treat the Vehicle Routing Problem, which is also a variation of a famous optimization problem known as the Traveling Salesman Problem. We aim to tackle the vehicle optimization problem from the last mile logistic scenario application, with a perspective from the classical and quantum approaches, and providing a solution which combines both, also known as hybrid solution. Finally, we provide the results of the analysis and proposal for the consideration of applications in a near term business case scenario.
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- 2023
7. Huellas de un mar enfermo: reflexiones sobre maritorios sustentables y sufrimiento ambiental en Patagonia chilena
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Florencia Diestre, Paulo Victor Sousa Lima, Francisco Araos, Wladimir Riquelme Maulen, and Claudio Merino Jara
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Territorios sustentables ,Territorio sociocultural ,Desequilibrio ecológico ,Violencia ,Patagonia ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
RESUMEN Desde experiencias de investigación realizadas desde el año 2018 hasta la actualidad, se problematiza la relación entre sufrimiento ambiental y territorios sustentables. La incertidumbre que conlleva el sufrimiento ambiental, sumado a la falta de evidencia y las dificultades de levantar información científica acerca de la salud del territorio costero e insular, configura un espacio residual propicio para la baja regulación de las industrias y la profundización de sus afectaciones sobre los territorios y sus habitantes. Desde ahí que indagar en las experiencias de sufrimiento ambiental permite aproximarse a las desigualdades socio-ecológicas de la zona marino-costera de la Patagonia chilena y a las estrategias de sus habitantes para proponer y movilizar sus territorios a la sustentabilidad.
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- 2024
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8. Browsing to Learn: How Computer and Software Engineering Students Use Online Platforms in Learning Activities
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Araos, Andrés, Damsa, Crina, and Gaševic, Dragan
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Background: The surge of online platforms has generated interest in how specialized platforms support formal and informal learning in various disciplinary domains. Knowledge is still limited regarding how undergraduate students navigate and use platforms to learn. Objectives: This study explores computer and software engineering students' learning practices, wherein online platforms are used as resources for both curricular learning activities and students' interest-driven learning. Methods: The learning practices of 73 students were examined using a mixed-methods design and a conceptualization of practices accounting for the context and purpose of their enactment. The dataset includes students' self-reports on domain-specific learning activities, three-month-long web-browsing history of multiple platforms and stimulated-recall interviews. The data were analysed through latent class and thematic analyses. Results and Conclusion: Five distinct patterns were found in the use of online platforms. These patterns show that different types of platforms were used purposely and in combination during curricular and interest-driven activities aimed at learning software development. Moreover, students' purposes were driven by both the need to progress in their learning activities and the development of their interest in software development. The findings highlight the complexity of students' learning with online platforms, which develop quite extensively beyond curricular boundaries. Implications: The findings stress the need to recognize that undergraduate students' learning practices involve multiple online platforms and activities beyond the formal curriculum and that these play a key role in developing students' interests in learning software development. Moreover, our findings indicate the importance of taking into account the way students' learning practices unfold within platforms and how these relate to domain-specific practices.
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- 2023
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9. POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE JUVENTUDES EN CHILE: REALIDADES Y DESAFÍOS
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Nicolás Nieto Araos
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Política de juventud ,participación juvenil ,perspectiva generacional ,juventudes ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
El artículo presenta un ejercicio de revisión y reflexión, por una parte, a la evolución de la oferta programática del Instituto Nacional de la Juventud (INJUV) durante la última década (2014-2023), organismo público a cargo de diseñar e implementar la política de juventudes en Chile; y, por otra parte, a las opiniones, experiencias, demandas e intereses de las juventudes en materia de política social y participación social, comunitaria y política. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de una brecha generacional entre las prioridades programáticas que han guiado la actual política de juventud y las expectativas a este respecto de las actuales generaciones de jóvenes. Así mismo, se observa el predominio de un abordaje individualizado de las problemáticas y realidades juveniles, y de una aproximación despolitizada al fenómeno de la participación juvenil que tiende a reproducir una visión idealizada de las personas jóvenes y que no se coincide con su creciente interés por involucrarse en los asuntos públicos. Finalmente, se plantean algunas ideas que buscan contribuir al debate sobre un tema que ha ocupado un lugar más bien marginal en la agenda pública, mediática y legislativa.
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- 2024
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10. Telerehabilitación respiratoria en fibrosis quística: experiencia de pacientes, padres y profesionales durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Estudio cualitativo.
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Iván Rodríguez Núñez, María José Bretti, Ana María Daroch Neira, Daniel Zenteno Araos, and Gerardo Torres Puebla
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fibrosis quística ,rehabilitación respiratoria ,telerehabilitación ,barreras ,facilitadores ,investigación cualitativa ,Medicine - Abstract
Introducción: la rehabilitación respiratoria (RR) se recomienda en pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ). Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 los programas de RR debieron cerrarse o migrar a modalidades de telerehabilitación, imponiendo nuevos desafíos a pacientes y equipos de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las percepciones de pacientes, padres y profesionales sobre la transición a la telerehabilitación respiratoria durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio cualitativo. Se consideraron pacientes con FQ mayores de 8 años. También a padres y equipos de salud. El tamaño muestral se determinó mediante saturación teórica. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales vía Zoom ®. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante los métodos de codificación abierta y axial. El análisis se realizó utilizando el software Atlas. Ti 7.5.7. Resultados: se incluyó a 4 pacientes adultos, 1 pediátrico y 2 padres, además de 4 profesionales de equipos de salud. Existió una percepción general positiva respecto a la RR y la telerehabilitación. Entre las barreras destacó la falta de equipamiento para la telerehabilitación en domicilio y la organización diaria de los pacientes. Entre los facilitadores destacó la disponibilidad de equipos y redes que permitieran la conectividad y el apoyo familiar. Existió una valoración positiva hacia la continuidad de la telerehabilitación en la etapa post pandémica. Conclusiones: la telerehabilitación fue percibida como una alternativa viable y efectiva, sin embargo, aspectos de la conectividad, disponibilidad de equipamiento y la rutina diaria de los pacientes debe ser considerada a la hora de implementar modalidades telemáticas de atención.
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- 2024
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11. Baroreflex and chemoreflex interaction in high-altitude exposure: possible role on exercise performance
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Pablo Alvarez-Araos, Sergio Jiménez, Camila Salazar-Ardiles, Cristian Núñez-Espinosa, Valeria Paez, Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez, Antoine Raberin, Gregoire P. Millet, Rodrigo Iturriaga, and David C. Andrade
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chemoreflex ,carotid body ,baroreflex ,baroreceptors ,high altitude exposure ,breathing ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
The hypoxic chemoreflex and the arterial baroreflex are implicated in the ventilatory response to exercise. It is well known that long-term exercise training increases parasympathetic and decreases sympathetic tone, both processes influenced by the arterial baroreflex and hypoxic chemoreflex function. Hypobaric hypoxia (i.e., high altitude [HA]) markedly reduces exercise capacity associated with autonomic reflexes. Indeed, a reduced exercise capacity has been found, paralleled by a baroreflex-related parasympathetic withdrawal and a pronounced chemoreflex potentiation. Additionally, it is well known that the baroreflex and chemoreflex interact, and during activation by hypoxia, the chemoreflex is predominant over the baroreflex. Thus, the baroreflex function impairment may likely facilitate the exercise deterioration through the reduction of parasympathetic tone following acute HA exposure, secondary to the chemoreflex activation. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to describe the main physiological mechanisms controlling baro- and chemoreflex function and their role in exercise capacity during HA exposure.
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- 2024
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12. Low-Chloride Diet Prevents the Development of Arterial Hypertension and Protects Kidney Function in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice
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Jessica Liberona, Patricio Araos, Marcelo Rodríguez, Pablo León, Andrés Stutzin, Rodrigo Alzamora, and Luis Michea
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low-chloride diet ,hypertension ,chronic kidney disease ,salt intake ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Introduction: A comprehensive pathophysiological mechanism to explain the relationship between high-salt intake and hypertension remains undefined. Evidence suggests that chloride, as the accompanying anion of sodium in dietary salt, is necessary to develop hypertension. We evaluated whether reducing dietary Cl− while keeping a standard Na+ intake modified blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, renal function, and vascular contractility after angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. Methods: C56BL/6J mice fed with standard Cl− diet or a low-Cl− diet (equimolar substitution of Cl− by a mixture of Na+ salts, both diets with standard Na+ content) received AngII (infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 14 days. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), natriuretic response to acute saline load, and contractility of aortic rings from mice infused with vehicle and AngII, in standard and low-Cl− diet. Results: The mice fed the standard diet presented increased SBP and cardiac hypertrophy after AngII infusion. In contrast, low-Cl− diet prevented the increase of SBP and cardiac hypertrophy. AngII-infused mice fed a standard diet presented hampered natriuretic response to saline load, meanwhile the low-Cl− diet preserved natriuretic response in AngII-infused mice, without change in GFR. Aortic rings from mice fed with standard diet or low-Cl− diet and infused with AngII presented a similar contractile response. Conclusion: We conclude that the reduction in dietary Cl− as the accompanying anion of sodium in salt is protective from AngII pro-hypertensive actions due to a beneficial effect on kidney function and preserved natriuresis.
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- 2024
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13. Oxidative stress promotes cytotoxicity in human cancer cell lines exposed to Escallonia spp. extracts
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Carlos Jara-Gutiérrez, Luis Mercado, Marilyn Paz-Araos, Carolyn Howard, Mario Parraga, Camila Escobar, Marco Mellado, Alejandro Madrid, Iván Montenegro, Paula Santana, Paola Murgas, Cristina Jimenez-Jara, Luis Guillermo González-Olivares, Manuel Ahumada, and Joan Villena
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Selective oxycution ,Cancer cell lines ,Chilean native plants ,Redox unbalance ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 - Abstract
Abstract Background Standard cancer treatments show a lack of selectivity that has led to the search for new strategies against cancer. The selective elimination of cancer cells modulating the redox environment, known as “selective oxycution”, has emerged as a viable alternative. This research focuses on characterizing the unexplored Escallonia genus plant extracts and evaluating their potential effects on cancer’s redox balance, cytotoxicity, and activation of death pathways. Methods 36 plant extracts were obtained from 4 different species of the Escallonia genus (E. illinita C. Presl, E. rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., E. revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., and E. pulverulenta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.), which were posteriorly analyzed by their phytoconstituents, antioxidant capacity, and GC-MS. Further, redox balance assays (antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage, and transcription factors) and cytotoxic effects (SRB, ∆Ψmt, and caspases actives) of those plant extracts were analyzed on four cell lines (HEK-293T, MCF-7, HT-29, and PC-3). Results 36 plant extracts were obtained, and their phytoconstituents and antioxidant capacity were established. Further, only six extracts had EC50 values
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- 2024
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14. Correction: Plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid and the expression of its receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are altered in patients with cocaine use disorders
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María Flores-López, Nuria García-Marchena, Francisco J. Pavón-Morón, Nerea Requena-Ocaña, Laura Sánchez-Marín, Laura Martín-Chaves, Mónica García-Medina, Carmen Pedraza, Estela Castilla-Ortega, Juan J. Ruiz, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Pedro Araos, and Antonia Serrano
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Published
- 2024
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15. Affordances and Agency in Students' Use of Online Platforms and Resources beyond Curricular Boundaries
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Araos Moya, Andrés and Damsa, Crina
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This study explored how agency is expressed when undergraduate students cross curricular boundaries to learn software development by realising affordances enabled by resources on online platforms. The study employed a qualitative research design based on individual stimulated recall interviews with 27 computer and software engineering students. The hybrid thematic analysis employed an ecological framework in which the actions the students performed during software development tasks were interpreted in relational terms. The results reveal multiple interrelated affordances that were realised as the students learnt by using various resources on different online platforms. Agency was expressed primarily through students pursuing specific objectives related to their learning across platforms and curricular boundaries and was shared and distributed across people and the environment. The findings highlight the idea that boundaries are formed and crossed based on how people experience the environment, which, in turn, is enabled or constrained by the resources used.
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- 2023
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16. Hemodynamic impact of chest compression location during cardiopulmonary resuscitation guided by transesophageal echocardiography
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Teran, Felipe, Owyang, Clark G., Martin-Flores, Manuel, Lao, Derek, King, Andrea, Palasz, Joanna, and Araos, Joaquin D.
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- 2023
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17. Effectiveness of the second COVID-19 booster against Omicron: a large-scale cohort study in Chile
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Jara, Alejandro, Cuadrado, Cristobal, Undurraga, Eduardo A., García, Christian, Nájera, Manuel, Bertoglia, María Paz, Vergara, Verónica, Fernández, Jorge, García-Escorza, Heriberto, and Araos, Rafael
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- 2023
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18. Plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid and the expression of its receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are altered in patients with cocaine use disorders
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Flores-López, María, García-Marchena, Nuria, Pavón-Morón, Francisco J., Requena-Ocaña, Nerea, Sánchez-Marín, Laura, Martín-Chaves, Laura, García-Medina, Mónica, Pedraza, Carmen, Castilla-Ortega, Estela, Ruiz, Juan J., Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando, Araos, Pedro, and Serrano, Antonia
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- 2023
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19. Reduced microbial diversity of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in household contacts with latent tuberculosis infection
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Ruiz-Tagle, Cinthya, Ugalde, Juan A., Naves, Rodrigo, Araos, Rafael, García, Patricia, and Balcells, María Elvira
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- 2023
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20. Modelling the micro- and macro- environment of pancreatic cancer: from patients to pre-clinical models and back
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Eloise G. Lloyd, Joaquín Araos Henríquez, and Giulia Biffi
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macro-environment ,micro-environment ,pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ,preclinical in vivo models ,Medicine ,Pathology ,RB1-214 - Published
- 2024
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21. Effectiveness of the second COVID-19 booster against Omicron: a large-scale cohort study in Chile
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Alejandro Jara, Cristobal Cuadrado, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Christian García, Manuel Nájera, María Paz Bertoglia, Verónica Vergara, Jorge Fernández, Heriberto García-Escorza, and Rafael Araos
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Science - Abstract
Abstract In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, understanding the effectiveness of various booster vaccination regimens is pivotal. In Chile, using a prospective national cohort of 3.75 million individuals aged 20 or older, we evaluate the effectiveness against COVID-19-related intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and death of mRNA-based second vaccine boosters for four different three-dose background regimes: BNT162b2 primary series followed by a homologous booster, and CoronaVac primary series followed by an mRNA booster, a homologous booster, and a ChAdOx-1 booster. We estimate the vaccine effectiveness weekly from February 14 to August 15, 2022, by determining hazard ratios of immunization over non-vaccination, accounting for relevant confounders. The overall adjusted effectiveness of a second mRNA booster shot is 88.2% (95%CI, 86.2–89.9) against ICU admissions and 90.5% (95%CI 89.4–91.4) against death. Vaccine effectiveness shows a mild decrease for all regimens and outcomes, probably linked to the introduction of BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron sub-lineages and the waning of immunity. Based on our findings, individuals might not need additional boosters for at least 6 months after receiving a second mRNA booster shot in this setting.
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- 2023
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22. “I wanted to have a Christian family”: Affinities Between Religiosity and Family Styles Among Catholics and Evangelicals in a Low-Income Neighborhood in Santiago
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Neckelmann, Maureen, Araos, Consuelo, and Siles, Catalina
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- 2023
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23. Leveraging LLMs for Efficient Topic Reviews
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Bady Gana, Andrés Leiva-Araos, Héctor Allende-Cid, and José García
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NLP ,LLM ,knowledge management ,transformer-based topic models ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This paper presents the topic review (TR), a novel semi-automatic framework designed to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of literature reviews. By leveraging the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), TR addresses the inefficiencies and error-proneness of traditional review methods, especially in rapidly evolving fields. The framework significantly improves literature review processes by integrating advanced text mining and machine learning techniques. Through a case study approach, TR offers a step-by-step methodology that begins with query generation and refinement, followed by semi-automated text mining to identify relevant articles. LLMs are then employed to extract and categorize key themes and concepts, facilitating an in-depth literature analysis. This approach demonstrates the transformative potential of natural language processing in literature reviews. With an average similarity of 69.56% between generated and indexed keywords, TR effectively manages the growing volume of scientific publications, providing researchers with robust strategies for complex text synthesis and advancing knowledge in various domains. An expert analysis highlights a positive Fleiss’ Kappa score, underscoring the significance and interpretability of the results.
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- 2024
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24. A systematic global stocktake of evidence on human adaptation to climate change
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Berrang-Ford, Lea, Siders, AR, Lesnikowski, Alexandra, Fischer, Alexandra Paige, Callaghan, Max W, Haddaway, Neal R, Mach, Katharine J, Araos, Malcolm, Shah, Mohammad Aminur Rahman, Wannewitz, Mia, Doshi, Deepal, Leiter, Timo, Matavel, Custodio, Musah-Surugu, Justice Issah, Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle, Antwi-Agyei, Philip, Ajibade, Idowu, Chauhan, Neha, Kakenmaster, William, Grady, Caitlin, Chalastani, Vasiliki I, Jagannathan, Kripa, Galappaththi, Eranga K, Sitati, Asha, Scarpa, Giulia, Totin, Edmond, Davis, Katy, Hamilton, Nikita Charles, Kirchhoff, Christine J, Kumar, Praveen, Pentz, Brian, Simpson, Nicholas P, Theokritoff, Emily, Deryng, Delphine, Reckien, Diana, Zavaleta-Cortijo, Carol, Ulibarri, Nicola, Segnon, Alcade C, Khavhagali, Vhalinavho, Shang, Yuanyuan, Zvobgo, Luckson, Zommers, Zinta, Xu, Jiren, Williams, Portia Adade, Canosa, Ivan Villaverde, van Maanen, Nicole, van Bavel, Bianca, van Aalst, Maarten, Turek-Hankins, Lynée L, Trivedi, Hasti, Trisos, Christopher H, Thomas, Adelle, Thakur, Shinny, Templeman, Sienna, Stringer, Lindsay C, Sotnik, Garry, Sjostrom, Kathryn Dana, Singh, Chandni, Siña, Mariella Z, Shukla, Roopam, Sardans, Jordi, Salubi, Eunice A, Safaee Chalkasra, Lolita Shaila, Ruiz-Díaz, Raquel, Richards, Carys, Pokharel, Pratik, Petzold, Jan, Penuelas, Josep, Pelaez Avila, Julia, Murillo, Julia B Pazmino, Ouni, Souha, Niemann, Jennifer, Nielsen, Miriam, New, Mark, Nayna Schwerdtle, Patricia, Nagle Alverio, Gabriela, Mullin, Cristina A, Mullenite, Joshua, Mosurska, Anuszka, Morecroft, Mike D, Minx, Jan C, Maskell, Gina, Nunbogu, Abraham Marshall, Magnan, Alexandre K, Lwasa, Shuaib, Lukas-Sithole, Megan, Lissner, Tabea, Lilford, Oliver, Koller, Steven F, Jurjonas, Matthew, Joe, Elphin Tom, Huynh, Lam TM, Hill, Avery, Hernandez, Rebecca R, Hegde, Greeshma, Hawxwell, Tom, Harper, Sherilee, Harden, Alexandra, Haasnoot, Marjolijn, and Gilmore, Elisabeth A
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Climate Action ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience ,Environmental Science and Management - Abstract
Assessing global progress on human adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority. Although the literature on adaptation to climate change is rapidly expanding, little is known about the actual extent of implementation. We systematically screened >48,000 articles using machine learning methods and a global network of 126 researchers. Our synthesis of the resulting 1,682 articles presents a systematic and comprehensive global stocktake of implemented human adaptation to climate change. Documented adaptations were largely fragmented, local and incremental, with limited evidence of transformational adaptation and negligible evidence of risk reduction outcomes. We identify eight priorities for global adaptation research: assess the effectiveness of adaptation responses, enhance the understanding of limits to adaptation, enable individuals and civil society to adapt, include missing places, scholars and scholarship, understand private sector responses, improve methods for synthesizing different forms of evidence, assess the adaptation at different temperature thresholds, and improve the inclusion of timescale and the dynamics of responses.
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- 2021
25. Points of Improvement: Reflective Strategy to Support Chilean EFL Pre-Service Teachers' Lesson Planning
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Telles Quezada, Nataly, Inostroza Araos, María-Jesús, and Rosas-Maldonado, Maritza
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This action research study aims to explore the contribution of the use of points of improvement as a reflective strategy to support eleven Chilean EFL pre-service teachers' ability to plan communicative-oriented lessons. Through questionnaires and a focus group, participants' responses were examined using thematic analysis. Findings yielded that their beliefs about communicative-oriented lessons were in fact linked with the communicative approach. Lastly, their perceptions towards the use of points of improvement as a reflective strategy showed more awareness in the classroom, narrowing the gap between their pedagogical and disciplinary knowledge.
- Published
- 2019
26. Experimental and Numerical Investigation into the Fracture Patterns Induced by Blast-Loading Under Unconfined and Confined Conditions
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Mitchell, T. R., Wang, Z., Araos, M., Leonardi, C. R., Gefken, P. R., and Onederra, I. A.
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- 2023
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27. Plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid and the expression of its receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are altered in patients with cocaine use disorders
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María Flores-López, Nuria García-Marchena, Francisco J. Pavón-Morón, Nerea Requena-Ocaña, Laura Sánchez-Marín, Laura Martín-Chaves, Mónica García-Medina, Carmen Pedraza, Estela Castilla-Ortega, Juan J. Ruiz, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Pedro Araos, and Antonia Serrano
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract We have recently reported alterations in the plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in patients with substance use disorders. In order to further explore the potential role of the LPA signaling system as biomarker in cocaine use disorders (CUD) we conducted a cross-sectional study with 105 patients diagnosed with CUD and 92 healthy controls. Participants were clinically evaluated and blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of total LPA and LPA species (16:0-, 18:0-, 18:1-, 18:2-, and 20:4-LPA), and the gene expression of LPA1 and LPA2 receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that patients with CUD had significantly lower plasma concentration of the majority of LPA species, while the mRNA expression of LPA1 receptor was found to be higher than controls. Moreover, we found a positive association between plasma concentration of 20:4-LPA and relevant CUD-related variables: age of onset cocaine use and length of cocaine abstinence. The statistical analysis revealed sex differences in concentrations of total LPA and LPA species, and women showed higher LPA concentrations than men. Furthermore, studies in rats of both sexes showed that plasma concentrations of total LPA were also altered after acute and chronic cocaine administration, revealing a sexual dimorphism in these effects. This study found alterations on the LPA signaling system in both, patients with CUD and rats treated with cocaine. Our results demonstrate that LPA signaling is impacted by CUD and sex, which must be taken into consideration in future studies evaluating LPA as a reliable biomarker for CUD.
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- 2023
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28. The climate missing: identifying bodies and preventing disappearances linked to climate change
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Malcolm Araos and Matthew Wolfe
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Published
- 2024
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29. From a Brown to a blue economy in Chile
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Jeremy Anbleyth-Evans, Francisco Araos Leiva, Carlos F. Gaymer, Ricardo R. Alvarez Abel, Leonardo Campos, and Carlos Hidalgo
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Marine ,Economy ,Democracy ,Ecology ,Transitions ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The Chilean brown economy continues to expand, without specific definition of sustainable limits or how to transition to an ecologically balanced future. The article first reviews marine democracy across 42 cases of mining and coastal refinery projects, port developments, aquaculture, factory contamination, wind farms, coal and property development. In depth, an industrial fish factory cluster in Arica, a coastal zone impacted by mining in Chañaral, and fjord aquaculture in Puyuhapi. Using semi structured interviews, and participatory GIS focus groups, it shows the same issues repeat, and how a new participatory marine democratic system might transition the blue economy.
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- 2024
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30. The Latest in Resuscitation Research: Highlights From the 2022 American Heart Association’s Resuscitation Science Symposium
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Jennifer A. Stancati, Clark G. Owyang, Joaquin D. Araos, Sachin Agarwal, Anne V. Grossestreuer, Catherine R Counts, Nicholas J. Johnson, Ryan W. Morgan, Ari Moskowitz, Sarah M. Perman, Kelly N. Sawyer, Eugene Yuriditsky, James M. Horowitz, Aarthi Kaviyarasu, Joanna Palasz, Benjamin S. Abella, and Felipe Teran
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cardiac arrest ,cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,science communication ,trauma ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background Every year the American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium (ReSS) brings together a community of international resuscitation science researchers focused on advancing cardiac arrest care. Methods and Results The American Heart Association's ReSS was held in Chicago, Illinois from November 4th to 6th, 2022. This annual narrative review summarizes ReSS programming, including awards, special sessions and scientific content organized by theme and plenary session. Conclusions By exploring both the science of resuscitation and important related topics including survivorship, disparities, and community‐focused programs, this meeting provided important resuscitation updates.
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- 2023
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31. Reduced microbial diversity of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in household contacts with latent tuberculosis infection
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Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle, Juan A. Ugalde, Rodrigo Naves, Rafael Araos, Patricia García, and María Elvira Balcells
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The upper respiratory tract is an obliged pathway for respiratory pathogens and a healthy microbiota may support the host's mucosal immunity preventing infection. We analyzed the nasopharyngeal microbiome in tuberculosis household contacts (HHCs) and its association with latent tuberculosis infection (TBI). A prospective cohort of HHCs was established and latent TBI status was assessed by serial interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). Nasopharyngeal swabs collected at baseline were processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The 82 participants included in the analysis were classified as: (a) non-TBI [IGRA negative at baseline and follow-up, no active TB (n = 31)], (b) pre-TBI [IGRA negative at baseline but converted to IGRA positive or developed active TB at follow-up (n = 16)], and (c) TBI [IGRA positive at enrollment (n = 35)]. Predominant phyla were Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. TBI group had a lower alpha diversity compared to non-TBI (padj = 0.04) and pre-TBI (padj = 0.04). Only TBI and non-TBI had beta diversity differences (padj = 0.035). Core microbiomes’ had unique genera, and genus showed differential abundance among groups. HHCs with established latent TBI showed reduced nasopharyngeal microbial diversity with distinctive taxonomical composition. Whether a pre-existing microbiome feature favors, are a consequence, or protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis needs further investigation.
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- 2023
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32. Democracy underwater: public participation, technical expertise, and climate infrastructure planning in New York City
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Araos, Malcolm
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- 2023
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33. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections Presenting with Septic Shock in Neutropenic Cancer Patients: Impact of Empirical Antibiotic Therapy
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Cristina Royo-Cebrecos, Júlia Laporte-Amargós, Marta Peña, Isabel Ruiz-Camps, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Edson Abdala, Chiara Oltolini, Murat Akova, Miguel Montejo, Malgorzata Mikulska, Pilar Martín-Dávila, Fabián Herrera, Oriol Gasch, Lubos Drgona, Hugo Manuel Paz Morales, Anne-Sophie Brunel, Estefanía García, Burcu Isler, Winfried V. Kern, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Guillermo Maestr de la Calle, Maria Milagro Montero, Souha S. Kanj, Oguz R. Sipahi, Sebnem Calik, Ignacio Márquez-Gómez, Jorge I. Marin, Marisa Z. R. Gomes, Philipp Hemmatii, Rafael Araos, Maddalena Peghin, Jose L. Del Pozo, Lucrecia Yáñez, Robert Tilley, Adriana Manzur, Andrés Novo, Jordi Carratalà, and Carlota Gudiol
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,bacteremia ,septic shock ,bloodstream infection ,neutropenia ,cancer ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
This large, multicenter, retrospective cohort study including onco-hematological neutropenic patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection (PABSI) found that among 1213 episodes, 411 (33%) presented with septic shock. The presence of solid tumors (33.3% vs. 20.2%, p < 0.001), a high-risk Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) index score (92.6% vs. 57.4%; p < 0.001), pneumonia (38% vs. 19.2% p < 0.001), and infection due to multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) (33.8% vs. 21.1%, p < 0.001) were statistically significantly higher in patients with septic shock compared to those without. Patients with septic shock were more likely to receive inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy (IEAT) (21.7% vs. 16.2%, p = 0.020) and to present poorer outcomes, including a need for ICU admission (74% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (49.1% vs. 5.6%; p < 0.001), and higher 7-day and 30-day case fatality rates (58.2% vs. 12%, p < 0.001, and 74% vs. 23.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). Risk factors for 30-day case fatality rate in patients with septic shock were orotracheal intubation, IEAT, infection due to MDRPA, and persistent PABSI. Therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and BSI from the urinary tract were associated with improved survival. Carbapenems were the most frequent IEAT in patients with septic shock, and the use of empirical combination therapy showed a tendency towards improved survival. Our findings emphasize the need for tailored management strategies in this high-risk population.
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- 2024
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34. Transcriptome Data Analysis Applied to Grapevine Growth Stage Identification
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Francisco Altimiras, Leonardo Pavéz, Alireza Pourreza, Osvaldo Yañez, Lisdelys González-Rodríguez, José García, Claudio Galaz, Andrés Leiva-Araos, and Héctor Allende-Cid
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phenology ,gene expression ,Vitis vinifera ,RNA sequencing ,Agriculture - Abstract
In agricultural production, it is fundamental to characterize the phenological stage of plants to ensure a good evaluation of the development, growth and health of crops. Phenological characterization allows for the early detection of nutritional deficiencies in plants that diminish the growth and productive yield and drastically affect the quality of their fruits. Currently, the phenological estimation of development in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is carried out using four different schemes: Baillod and Baggiolini, Extended BBCH, Eichhorn and Lorenz, and Modified E-L. Phenological estimation requires the exhaustive evaluation of crops, which makes it intensive in terms of labor, personnel, and the time required for its application. In this work, we propose a new phenological classification based on transcriptional measures of certain genes to accurately estimate the stage of development of grapevine. There are several genomic information databases for Vitis vinifera, and the function of thousands of their genes has been widely characterized. The application of advanced molecular biology, including the massive parallel sequencing of RNA (RNA-seq), and the handling of large volumes of data provide state-of-the-art tools for the determination of phenological stages, on a global scale, of the molecular functions and processes of plants. With this aim, we applied a bioinformatic pipeline for the high-throughput quantification of RNA-seq datasets and further analysis of gene ontology terms. We identified differentially expressed genes in several datasets, and then, we associated them with the corresponding phenological stage of development. Differentially expressed genes were classified using count-based expression analysis and clustering and annotated using gene ontology data. This work contributes to the use of transcriptome data and gene expression analysis for the classification of development in plants, with a wide range of industrial applications in agriculture.
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- 2024
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35. Hemodynamic impact of chest compression location during cardiopulmonary resuscitation guided by transesophageal echocardiography
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Felipe Teran, Clark G. Owyang, Manuel Martin-Flores, Derek Lao, Andrea King, Joanna Palasz, and Joaquin D. Araos
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Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Published
- 2023
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36. Adiabatic quantum computing impact on transport optimization in the last-mile scenario
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Juan Francisco Ariño Sales and Raúl Andrés Palacios Araos
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quantum computing ,quantum annealing ,quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) ,vehicle routing problem (VRP) ,traveling salesman problem (TSP) ,supply chain ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
In the ever-evolving landscape of global trade and supply chain management, logistics optimization stands as a critical challenge. This study takes on the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), by proposing a novel hybrid solution that seamlessly combines classical and quantum computing methodologies. Through a comprehensive analysis of our approach, including algorithm selection, data collection, and computational processes, we provide in-depth insights into the efficiency, and effectiveness of our hybrid solution compared to traditional methods. The results after analysis of 14 datasets highlight the advantages and limitations of this approach, demonstrating its potential to address NP-hard problems and contribute significantly to the field of optimization algorithms in logistics. This research offers promising contributions to the advancement of logistics optimization techniques and their potential implications for enhancing supply chain efficiency.
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- 2023
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37. Exploring the Contribution of Self-Assessment Checklists to Improve Oral Presentations
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Guillermo Cañete and Maria-Jesus Inostroza-Araos
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self-assessment ,checklists ,oral presentations ,metalinguistic awareness ,Education ,Theory and practice of education ,LB5-3640 ,English language ,PE1-3729 - Abstract
This action research aims at exploring the contribution of self-assessment checklists on improving oral presentations of two participants that were taking an initial-level English as a second language course at a technician professional institute in Talcahuano, Chile. The intervention was carried out in four weekly sessions in which the participants were trained on the different criteria to assess their oral presentations. The participants self-assessed their work with a checklist and performed a second presentation based on their first self-assessment. Analytic rubrics were also used as an external assessment to compare results from the checklists. At the end of the intervention, a semi-structured interview was conducted to obtain the participants’ perceptions about the process. Findings reveal that by developing autonomy, language awareness, and self-reflective skills, the use of the self-assessment checklist supported the participants not only to improve their oral presentation in overall aspects, mainly in fluency and pronunciation aspects, but also to make positive changes in their confidence and expectations about their performance.
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- 2022
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38. Continuous prolonged prone positioning in COVID-19-related ARDS: a multicenter cohort study from Chile
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Rodrigo A. Cornejo, Jorge Montoya, Abraham I. J. Gajardo, Jerónimo Graf, Leyla Alegría, Romyna Baghetti, Anita Irarrázaval, César Santis, Nicolás Pavez, Sofía Leighton, Vinko Tomicic, Daniel Morales, Carolina Ruiz, Pablo Navarrete, Patricio Vargas, Roberto Gálvez, Victoria Espinosa, Marioli Lazo, Rodrigo A. Pérez-Araos, Osvaldo Garay, Patrick Sepúlveda, Edgardo Martinez, Alejandro Bruhn, and the SOCHIMI Prone-COVID-19 Group
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome ,Mechanical ventilation ,Prone positioning ,Coronavirus disease 2019 ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Abstract Background Prone positioning is currently applied in time-limited daily sessions up to 24 h which determines that most patients require several sessions. Although longer prone sessions have been reported, there is scarce evidence about the feasibility and safety of such approach. We analyzed feasibility and safety of a continuous prolonged prone positioning strategy implemented nationwide, in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients in Chile. Methods Retrospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), conducted in 15 Intensive Care Units, which adhered to a national protocol of continuous prone sessions ≥ 48 h and until PaO2:FiO2 increased above 200 mm Hg. The number and extension of prone sessions were registered, along with relevant physiologic data and adverse events related to prone positioning. The cohort was stratified according to the first prone session duration: Group A, 2–3 days; Group B, 4–5 days; and Group C, > 5 days. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess whether the duration of prone sessions could impact safety. Results We included 417 patients who required a first prone session of 4 (3–5) days, of whom 318 (76.3%) received only one session. During the first prone session the main adverse event was grade 1–2 pressure sores in 97 (23.9%) patients; severe adverse events were infrequent with 17 non-scheduled extubations (4.2%). 90-day mortality was 36.2%. Ninety-eight patients (24%) were classified as group C; they exhibited a more severe ARDS at baseline, as reflected by lower PaO2:FiO2 ratio and higher ventilatory ratio, and had a higher rate of pressure sores (44%) and higher 90-day mortality (48%). However, after adjustment for severity and several relevant confounders, prone session duration was not associated with mortality or pressure sores. Conclusions Nationwide implementation of a continuous prolonged prone positioning strategy for COVID-19 ARDS patients was feasible. Minor pressure sores were frequent but within the ranges previously described, while severe adverse events were infrequent. The duration of prone session did not have an adverse effect on safety.
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- 2022
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39. Dynamics of the MRSA Population in a Chilean Hospital: a Phylogenomic Analysis (2000–2016)
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José R. W. Martínez, Paul J. Planet, Maria Spencer-Sandino, Lina Rivas, Lorena Díaz, Ahmed M. Moustafa, Ana Quesille-Villalobos, Roberto Riquelme-Neira, Manuel Alcalde-Rico, Blake Hanson, Lina P. Carvajal, Sandra Rincón, Jinnethe Reyes, Marusella Lam, Juan F. Calderon, Rafael Araos, Patricia García, César A. Arias, and José M. Munita
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Staphylococcus aureus ,clonality ,genomics ,methicillin resistance ,phylogenomic analysis ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The global dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with the emergence and establishment of clones in specific geographic areas. The Chilean-Cordobes clone (ChC) (ST5-SCCmecI) has been the predominant MRSA clone in Chile since its first description in 1998, despite the report of other emerging MRSA clones in recent years. Here, we characterize the evolutionary history of MRSA from 2000 to 2016 in a Chilean tertiary health care center using phylogenomic analyses. We sequenced 469 MRSA isolates collected between 2000 and 2016. We evaluated the temporal trends of the circulating clones and performed a phylogenomic reconstruction to characterize the clonal dynamics. We found a significant increase in the diversity and richness of sequence types (STs; Spearman r = 0.8748, P
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- 2023
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40. Scavengers as Prospective Sentinels of Viral Diversity: the Snowy Sheathbill Virome as a Potential Tool for Monitoring Virus Circulation, Lessons from Two Antarctic Expeditions
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Gabriel Zamora, Sebastian Aguilar Pierlé, Johana Loncopan, Loreto Araos, Francisco Verdugo, Cecilia Rojas-Fuentes, Lucas Krüger, Aldo Gaggero, and Gonzalo P. Barriga
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surveillance ,emerging viruses ,Antarctica ,snowy sheathbill ,zoonosis ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Antarctica is a unique environment due to its extreme meteorological and geological conditions. In addition to this, its relative isolation from human influences has kept it undisturbed. This renders our limited understanding of its fauna and its associated microbial and viral communities a relevant knowledge gap to fill. This includes members of the order Charadriiformes such as snowy sheathbills. They are opportunistic predator/scavenger birds distributed on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands that are in frequent contact with other bird and mammal species. This makes them an interesting species for surveillance studies due to their high potential for the acquisition and transport of viruses. In this study, we performed whole-virome and targeted viral surveillance for coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, and influenza viruses in snowy sheathbills from two locations, the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland. Our results suggest the potential role of this species as a sentinel for this region. We highlight the discovery of two human viruses, a member of the genus Sapovirus GII and a gammaherpesvirus, and a virus previously described in marine mammals. Here, we provide insight into a complex ecological picture. These data highlight the surveillance opportunities provided by Antarctic scavenger birds. IMPORTANCE This article describes whole-virome and targeted viral surveillance for coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, and influenza viruses in snowy sheathbills from the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland. Our results suggest an important role of this species as a sentinel for this region. This species’ RNA virome showcased a diversity of viruses likely tied to its interactions with assorted Antarctic fauna. We highlight the discovery of two viruses of likely human origin, one with an intestinal impact and another with oncogenic potential. Analysis of this data set detected a variety of viruses tied to various sources (from crustaceans to nonhuman mammals), depicting a complex viral landscape for this scavenger species.
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- 2023
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41. Effectiveness of CoronaVac in children 3–5 years of age during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outbreak in Chile
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Jara, Alejandro, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Zubizarreta, José R., González, Cecilia, Acevedo, Johanna, Pizarro, Alejandra, Vergara, Verónica, Soto-Marchant, Mario, Gilabert, Rosario, Flores, Juan Carlos, Suárez, Pamela, Leighton, Paulina, Eguiguren, Pablo, Ríos, Juan Carlos, Fernandez, Jorge, García-Escorza, Heriberto, and Araos, Rafael
- Published
- 2022
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42. Transmission of gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria following differing exposure to antibiotic-resistance reservoirs in a rural community: a modelling study for bloodstream infections
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Kasim Allel, Lara Goscé, Rafael Araos, Daniel Toro, Catterina Ferreccio, Jose M. Munita, Eduardo A. Undurraga, and Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Exposure to community reservoirs of gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria (GN-ARB) genes poses substantial health risks to individuals, complicating potential infections. Transmission networks and population dynamics remain unclear, particularly in resource-poor communities. We use a dynamic compartment model to assess GN-ARB transmission quantitatively, including the susceptible, colonised, infected, and removed populations at the community-hospital interface. We used two side streams to distinguish between individuals at high- and low-risk exposure to community ARB reservoirs. The model was calibrated using data from a cross-sectional cohort study (N = 357) in Chile and supplemented by existing literature. Most individuals acquired ARB from the community reservoirs (98%) rather than the hospital. High exposure to GN-ARB reservoirs was associated with 17% and 16% greater prevalence for GN-ARB carriage in the hospital and community settings, respectively. The higher exposure has led to 16% more infections and attributed mortality. Our results highlight the need for early-stage identification and testing capability of bloodstream infections caused by GN-ARB through a faster response at the community level, where most GN-ARB are likely to be acquired. Increasing treatment rates for individuals colonised or infected by GN-ARB and controlling the exposure to antibiotic consumption and GN-ARB reservoirs, is crucial to curve GN-ABR transmission.
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- 2022
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43. Análisis de experiencias lectoras de estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Básica
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Ximena Marisol Troncoso Araos, Macarena Alejandra Navarro Carvallo, and Sonia Alejandra Missiacos Cárdenas
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lectura ,educación básica ,formación de docentes ,investigación pedagógica ,enseñanza superior ,Education ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
Esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar las experiencias lectoras de estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Básica. El enfoque es eminentemente cualitativo y el diseño corresponde a un estudio de caso exploratorio y descriptivo de carácter instrumental. Los sujetos participantes fueron estudiantes de cuarto año de carrera, de la Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile. La información se recogió a través de un perfil autobiográfico y los datos se analizaron con categorías definidas a posteriori. Los resultados arrojaron que prevalece la visión positiva sobre las experiencias lectoras; sin embargo, estas son limitadas en variedad y profundidad. El ámbito familiar presenta mayor influencia que el escolar, destacándose la presencia de las madres. En el ámbito escolar destacan la influencia individual de algún/a docente y la lectura de literatura infantil. Esto demuestra la necesidad de fortalecer el perfil lector de los futuros docentes de Educación Básica en las diferentes disciplinas.
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- 2022
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44. Effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children and adolescents: a large-scale observational studyResearch in context
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Alejandro Jara, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Juan Carlos Flores, José R. Zubizarreta, Cecilia González, Alejandra Pizarro, Duniel Ortuño-Borroto, Johanna Acevedo, Katherinne Leo, Fabio Paredes, Tomás Bralic, Verónica Vergara, Francisco Leon, Ignacio Parot, Paulina Leighton, Pamela Suárez, Juan Carlos Rios, Heriberto García-Escorza, and Rafael Araos
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Vaccine effectiveness ,Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ,mRNA vaccine ,Paediatric cohort ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Policymakers urgently need evidence to adequately balance the costs and benefits of mass vaccination against COVID-19 across all age groups, including children and adolescents. In this study, we aim to assess the effectiveness of CoronaVac's primary series among children and adolescents in Chile. Methods: We used a large prospective national cohort of about two million children and adolescents 6–16 years to estimate the effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in preventing laboratory-confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), hospitalisation, and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) associated with COVID-19. We compared the risk of individuals treated with a complete primary immunization schedule (two doses, 28 days apart) with the risk of unvaccinated individuals during the follow-up period. The study was conducted in Chile from June 27, 2021, to January 12, 2022, when the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was predominant but other variants of concern were co-circulating, including Omicron. We used inverse probability-weighted survival regression models to estimate hazard ratios of complete immunization over the unvaccinated status, accounting for time-varying vaccination exposure and adjusting for relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical confounders. Findings: The estimated adjusted vaccine effectiveness for the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children aged 6–16 years was 74.5% (95% CI, 73.8–75.2), 91.0% (95% CI, 87.8–93.4), 93.8% (95% CI, 87.8–93.4) for the prevention of COVID-19, hospitalisation, and ICU admission, respectively. For the subgroup of children 6–11 years, the vaccine effectiveness was 75.8% (95% CI, 74.7–76.8) for the prevention of COVID-19 and 77.9% (95% CI, 61.5–87.3) for the prevention of hospitalisation. Interpretation: Our results suggest that a complete primary immunization schedule with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provides effective protection against severe COVID-19 disease for children 6–16 years. Funding: Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) Millennium Science Initiative Program and Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (FONDAP).
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- 2023
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45. Effects of the mineralogical composition and particle size distribution of ladle furnace slag as a cement/fine aggregate replacement in concrete
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P. Araos, T. Montaño, S. Valls, M. Barra, and D. Aponte
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Concrete ,Ladle furnace slag ,Mechanical properties ,Volumetric instability ,Microstructure ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Ladle furnace slag (LFS) shows excellent potential for valorization. Despite this, landfills are typically its final destination, mainly because of technological barriers in its valorization process. This work examines the potential use of LFS as a partial cement/fine aggregate replacement, focusing on the effects of LFS composition and particle size distribution on concrete physico-mechanical properties. Chemical/mineralogical characterization of raw/hydrated samples, fresh-/hardened-state concrete properties, and volumetric instability tests were evaluated. Our results show reduced mechanical performance with LFS replacement, reaching compressive strength values of 32-42 MPa after 28 days. LFS mineralogical characterization reveals the absence of free CaO and the presence of periclase with its hydration/carbonation products. Therefore, the weathering/maturity process mainly affects free CaO. Furthermore, the observed volumetric instability issues were within the Code on Structural Concrete (Spanish abbreviation: EHE) established limits (0.04%), suggesting that the remaining periclase could be responsible for this expansive behavior.
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- 2023
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46. Continuous prolonged prone positioning in COVID-19-related ARDS: a multicenter cohort study from Chile
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Cornejo, Rodrigo A., Montoya, Jorge, Gajardo, Abraham I. J., Graf, Jerónimo, Alegría, Leyla, Baghetti, Romyna, Irarrázaval, Anita, Santis, César, Pavez, Nicolás, Leighton, Sofía, Tomicic, Vinko, Morales, Daniel, Ruiz, Carolina, Navarrete, Pablo, Vargas, Patricio, Gálvez, Roberto, Espinosa, Victoria, Lazo, Marioli, Pérez-Araos, Rodrigo A., Garay, Osvaldo, Sepúlveda, Patrick, Martinez, Edgardo, and Bruhn, Alejandro
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- 2022
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47. Transmission of gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria following differing exposure to antibiotic-resistance reservoirs in a rural community: a modelling study for bloodstream infections
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Allel, Kasim, Goscé, Lara, Araos, Rafael, Toro, Daniel, Ferreccio, Catterina, Munita, Jose M., Undurraga, Eduardo A., and Panovska-Griffiths, Jasmina
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- 2022
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48. Relevance of Machine Learning Techniques in Water Infrastructure Integrity and Quality: A Review Powered by Natural Language Processing
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José García, Andres Leiva-Araos, Emerson Diaz-Saavedra, Paola Moraga, Hernan Pinto, and Víctor Yepes
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water infrastructure integrity ,machine learning ,environmental sustainability ,natural language processing ,BERTopic ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Water infrastructure integrity, quality, and distribution are fundamental for public health, environmental sustainability, economic development, and climate change resilience. Ensuring the robustness and quality of water infrastructure is pivotal for sectors like agriculture, industry, and energy production. Machine learning (ML) offers potential for bolstering water infrastructure integrity and quality by analyzing extensive data from sensors and other sources, optimizing treatment protocols, minimizing water losses, and improving distribution methods. This study delves into ML applications in water infrastructure integrity and quality by analyzing English-language articles from 2015 onward, compiling a total of 1087 articles. Initially, a natural language processing approach centered on topic modeling was adopted to classify salient topics. From each identified topic, key terms were extracted and utilized in a semi-automatic selection process, pinpointing the most relevant articles for further scrutiny, while unsupervised ML algorithms can assist in extracting themes from the documents, generating meaningful topics often requires intricate hyperparameter adjustments. Leveraging the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERTopic) enhanced the study’s contextual comprehension in topic modeling. This semi-automatic methodology for bibliographic exploration begins with a broad topic categorization, advancing to an exhaustive analysis of each topic. The insights drawn underscore ML’s instrumental role in enhancing water infrastructure’s integrity and quality, suggesting promising future research directions. Specifically, the study has identified four key areas where ML has been applied to water management: (1) advancements in the detection of water contaminants and soil erosion; (2) forecasting of water levels; (3) advanced techniques for leak detection in water networks; and (4) evaluation of water quality and potability. These findings underscore the transformative impact of ML on water infrastructure and suggest promising paths for continued investigation.
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- 2023
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49. ESTUDIO DE LOS TRASTORNOS RESPIRATORIOS DEL SUEÑO EN DOMICILIO IMPULSADO POR LA PANDEMIA EN PEDIATRIA
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Daniel Zenteno Araos
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Published
- 2023
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50. Influence of gender and education on cocaine users in an outpatient cohort in Spain
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Nerea Requena-Ocaña, María Flores-Lopez, Alicia San Martín, Nuria García-Marchena, María Pedraz, Juan Jesús Ruiz, Antonia Serrano, Juan Suarez, Francisco Javier Pavón, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, and Pedro Araos
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Gender significantly influences sociodemographic, medical, psychiatric and addiction variables in cocaine outpatients. Educational level may be a protective factor showing less severe addictive disorders, longer abstinence periods, and better cognitive performance. The aim was to estimate gender-based differences and the influence of educational level on the clinical variables associated with cocaine use disorder (CUD). A total of 300 cocaine-consuming patients undergoing treatments were recruited and assessed using the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Diseases according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Women developed CUD later but exhibited more consumption of anxiolytics, prevalence of anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and major depressive disorders. Alcohol and cannabis use disorders were more frequent in men. A predictive model was created and identified three psychiatric variables with good prognosis for distinguishing between women and men. Principal component analysis helped to describe the different profile types of men and women who had sought treatment. Low educational levels seemed to be a risk factor for the onset, development, and duration of CUD in both genders. Women and men exhibited different clinical characteristics that should be taken into account when designing therapeutic policies. The educational level plays a protective/risk role in the onset, development and progression of CUD, thus prolonging the years of compulsory education and implementing cognitive rehabilitation programmes could be useful.
- Published
- 2021
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