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Introduction Gross’s Emotion Regulation Questionnaire is one of the most widely-used and valid questionnaires for assessing emotion regulation strategies. The validity and reliability of the Persian version have not been determined and data on its psychometric properties are not available to Iranian mental health researchers. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in Iranian students. Methodology In this cross-sectional study, 348 students (170 males and 178 females) were selected from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science and Tehran University of Medical Science. The following statistical procedures were conducted: correlation coefficients, factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and independent t tests. Results The results showed that men use suppression more than women (T = -2.62, p = 0.009). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.76 for the cognitive reappraisal sub-scale and 0.72 for the suppression sub-scale (excluding question 9). Six questions related to the cognitive reappraisal factor explained 30.97% of emotion regulation variance, and 3 questions related to the suppression factor explained 22.59% of emotion regulation variance. Overall, these factors explained 53.5% of emotion regulation variance. There were significant correlations between suppression and difficulties in emotion regulation, trait anxiety, and affective control. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between cognitive reappraisal and the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Conclusion The results indicate that the Persian version of the ERQ is a reliable and valid instrument that can be helpful for development of further important studies of emotional regulation.

Introduction Depression is one of the most important psychiatric disorders, and the rate of recurrence is high. The heavy cost burden of depression is probably due to treatment-resistant depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Method The present study was a quasi-experimental study conducted with twenty-four patients with treatment-resistant depression. Participants were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups, an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received MBCT and antidepressants, while the control group received antidepressants only. The Hamilton and Beck Depression Inventory, Self-Compassion Scale, Thought Rumination Scale, and Mindfulness Scale were administered. The treatment program was conducted in eight sessions; with a follow-up period of one month subsequent to treatment termination. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance for repeated measures and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test). Results The results showed that MBCT significantly reduced depression and ruminative thinking in the experimental group and also improved mediators such as mindfulness and self-compassion. Patients maintained gains over the one month follow-up period (p < 0.01). Conclusion The present study provides additional evidence for the effectiveness of MBCT for TRD.

Introduction: Students learn similarly in terms of ability and talent, but they have many differences in academic achievement. These differences can be shown not only in school lessons but also in other extra-curricular activities. The present study aims to investigate the factors affecting academic motivation and achievement motivation in students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS). Methods: In this analytical, cross-sectional study, the study sample included all students of KUMS studying in various majors in the academic year 2013-2014. A total of 296 (135 male and 161 female) students were selected through stratified random sampling. Herman’s achievement motivation scale, Vallerand’s academic motivation scale, and factors affecting checklist were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (binary regression). Results: Binary regression analysis showed that among studied variables, future better jobs (P=0.01, Beta=0.509) and educational facilities (P=0.02, Beta=2.46) could play important roles in factors affecting students’ achievement motivation, and having a positive self-image (P=0.04, Beta=0.501) and tendency to optimism about personal abilities (P=0.001, Beta=5.52) could play important roles in factors affecting students’ academic motivation. Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested that consideration should be given to improve the academic achievement of educational facilities; also, the importance of self-efficacy of the students should be noted more. Moreover, motivational workshops on increasing academic motivation of students should be held by universities.

Introduction Several studies have shown that aerobic exercise is effective in treating the depression and improving the mental health. There are various theories which explains why aerobic exercise is effective in the treatment of depression and improve mental health, but there are limited studies to show how cognitive components and depression improve during aerobic exercises. Aim The current study was carried out to investigate the cognitive change process during aerobic exercises in depressed students. Materials and methods This study was conducted through structural equation modeling; the study sample included 85 depressed students. Participants were selected through purposive sampling method. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Automatic Negative Thoughts (ATQ), and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) were used as the data collection instruments. The participants received eight sessions of aerobic exercise (three times a week). The obtained data was analysed by AMOS-18 & SPSS 18 software. Results The results showed that depression (p=0.001), automatic thoughts (ferquency p=0.413, beliefs p=0.676) and dysfunctional assumptions (p=0.219) reduce during aerobic exercise; however, it was only meaningful for the depression. The casual and consequential models were not fit to the data and partially and fully interactive models provided an adequate fit to the data. Conclusion Fully interactive model provided the best fit of the data. It seems that aerobic exercise reduced cognitive components separately leading to reduce depression.

Background: Chronic renal failure is the most common chronic disease affects the physical and psychological health of suffers and their quality of life (QOL). Recently, narrative writing is considered as a new approach to improve the problems of these patients, moreover, there is a paucity of information in this regard; hence, the current study was conducted to determine the effect of narrative writing on the QOL of hemodialysis patients. Methods: In a clinical trial, 28 hemodialysis patients of Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah were enrolled to the study in 2015. They are divided into two groups: case and control through randomization. The information was gathered through the short form-36 QOL questionnaire before and after intervention. Data were entered into SPSS-22 and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The mean of QOL score for case and control groups was 94.92 and 97.53, respectively, before intervention, which increased to 98.85 in case group and declined in control group to 90.80. The analysis of covariance test showed a significant difference between two groups after intervention (P = 0.004). Conclusion: The results indicate narrative writing can enhance the QOL of hemodialysis patient; however, it is required to carry out more studies with higher sample size.

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed at examining the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) group intervention on measures of self-efficacy and level of relapse for abstinence among Iranian male drug addicts.METHODS: An experimental research design was adopted in the current study in which the participants consisted of 75 male drug addicts who were consecutively admitted as outpatients at a state rehabilitation center. They were randomly allocated to experimental (N=37) and control (N=38) groups. They completed the Iranian version of Drug Taking Confidence Questionnaire (DTCQ-IV) and took urine test as pre-test and post-test. The CBT group intervention was conducted at 12 sessions, one session per week. It was hypothesized that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups regarding self-efficacy and level of relapse.RESULT: The results of ANCOVA showed there were significant differences in pleasant emotion and testing control between the two groups on measures of self-efficacy. The results of McNemar test indicated level of relapse in the experimental group significantly declined from pre-test to post-test. Furthermore, using Chi-square analysis, a significant difference (with a moderate effect size) was found in the levels of relapse.CONCLUSION: The present study provides strong support for CBT group intervention as an effective treatment for Iranian male drug addicts. Therefore, CBT group intervention can be considered as a practical approach in the treatment of people with SUDs.