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Objective: One of the significant aspects of education is the teaching and learning process. In other words, all educational activities aim to create a suitable environment for the realization of this process. The goal of this study is to design a model of teaching-learning culture in schools. Methodology: From an objective standpoint, this research falls within the category of applied studies. It also follows a qualitative approach and utilizes ethnography as its methodology. The study population includes educational science professors, all administrators, and teachers in the city of Noor. For gathering information on theoretical foundations and literature, a review of books, journals, theses, and other documents available in specialized libraries was conducted. The research tools used were interviews and non-participant observation. Findings: The findings indicate that assessment in Noor's schools is of two types: continuous and final. In most of the public schools, teaching methods are traditional and teacher-centered, whereas in schools for gifted students, they are student-centered, with the teacher playing a supervisory role. The teaching and learning culture in these schools is considered weak. Loss of motivation is one of the influential factors in reducing the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process in Noor. Due to financial issues and resource limitations in schools, facilities are also inadequate. Conclusion: Overall, it can be inferred that current education is not aimed at lasting and standard learning but rather merely at achieving grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a decentralized energy management system is presented for intelligent microgrids with the presence of distributed resources using reinforcement learning. Due to the unpredictable nature of renewable energy resources, the variability of load consumption, and the nonlinear model of batteries, the design of a microgrid energy management system is associated with many challenges. In addition, centralized control structures in large-scale systems increase computational volume and complexity in control algorithms. In this paper, a fully decentralized multi-agent structure for a microgrid energy management system is proposed and the Markov decision process is used to model the stochastic behavior of agents in the microgrid. Electrical and thermal distributed resources, batteries, and consumers are considered intelligent and independent agents. They have the learning ability to explore and exploit the environment in a fully decentralized manner and achieve their optimal policies. The proposed method for hourly microgrid management is model-independent and based on learning. The method maximizes the profits of all manufacturers, minimizes consumer costs, and reduces the dependence of the microgrid on the maingrid. Finally, using real data from renewable energy sources and consumers, the accuracy of the proposed method in the Iranian electricity market is simulated and verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most developing countries, as the young population increase in number and consequently, the demands for higher education rise, the governments cannot respond to all demands. Accordingly, they develop private higher education sectors as an alternative solution. In developed countries, some moving factors are influential in creation and the increase of private institutions but there are scarce evidences and comparative results about developing countries. The current comparative study seeks to investigate and analyze the main factors of privatization in higher education of three developing countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Kenya. After a short outline of theoretical foundations, this study provides more in-depth explanations of the principal and common effective factors.

Iran was one of the major contributors to the international student population in the United States. For some years, the number of Iranian students studied in America mounted such that there were more Iranians studying at colleges and universities in the United States than from any other foreign country. This study examined the satisfaction of U.S.-trained faculty members in Iranian public universities regarding their educational experiences in America and barriers to use their skills effectively. The qualitative data revealed that participants were relatively satisfied with their education in the United States, but reported certain barriers in using their training experiences. (Contains 1 table.)

Lack of sufficient pure water resources and energy crises are two important issues in summer, especially for remote communities located in tropical zones. Electricity is used for seawater desalination, and power generation units need freshwater for energy extraction, conversion, transportation, and distribution. The design and operation of renewable energy sources based on water‐energy hybrid grids therefore reduce on‐peak electricity demand, potable water scarcity, and pollutant emissions, significantly. This paper proposes a combined cycle for water and power production and investigates its performance under different ambient air temperatures and various load levels. First, biogas is employed to fuel a gas turbine electricity generation process. Then, its waste heat is utilized in a steam turbine heat‐and‐power extraction cycle. This heating flow is used in a water‐heater air‐cooler desalination process. A non‐linear optimization problem is developed under engineering equation solver (EES) and generalized algebraic modeling system (GAMS) with the aim of finding the near‐optimal operating points of the proposed industrial‐scale co‐generation system, considering its technical constraints and changes of fresh water and power demands during a 24 h operating period. This stand‐alone microgrid is able to produce 2.8 L of drinking water per second and 5.8 MW of electricity for large industrial sectors with a minimum efficiency of 37%. Replacing natural gas with biofuels in the water‐power nexus contributes most to emissions mitigation, peak electrical‐demand reduction, and sustainable water treatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to identify prevention methods in students' delinquency in Tehran boy middle schools. A random sample of 240 principals was drawn from a population of 600. A researcher made questionnaire was used to determine the methods of preventions. The analysis of data was based on 227 useable questionnaires and the application of multiple regressions. The results suggested that citizenship education, restorative justice, people's participation and assisting students are most important programs in reducing delinquencies among boys' middle school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iran was one of the major contributors to the international student population in the United States. For some years, the number of Iranian students studied in America mounted such that there were more Iranians studying at colleges and universities in the United States than from any other foreign country. This study examined the satisfaction of U.S.-trained faculty members in Iranian public universities regarding their educational experiences in America and barriers to use their skills effectively. The qualitative data revealed that participants were relatively satisfied with their education in the United States, but reported certain barriers in using their training experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]