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2. Sirtuin 6 Is a Critical Epigenetic Regulator of Cancer

Author

Raghu, Sukanya, Prabhashankar, Arathi Bangalore, Shivanaiah, Bhoomika, Tripathi, Ekta, Sundaresan, Nagalingam Ravi, Harris, J. Robin, Series Editor, Kundu, Tapas K., Advisory Editor, Korolchuk, Viktor, Advisory Editor, Bolanos-Garcia, Victor, Advisory Editor, Marles-Wright, Jon, Advisory Editor, Kundu, Tapas Kumar, editor, and Das, Chandrima, editor

Published
2022
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4. Sirtuin 6 inhibition protects against glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling

Author

Mishra, Sneha, Cosentino, Claudia, Tamta, Ankit Kumar, Khan, Danish, Srinivasan, Shalini, Ravi, Venkatraman, Abbotto, Elena, Arathi, Bangalore Prabhashankar, Kumar, Shweta, Jain, Aditi, Ramaian, Anand S., Kizkekra, Shruti M., Rajagopal, Raksha, Rao, Swathi, Krishna, Swati, Asirvatham-Jeyaraj, Ninitha, Haggerty, Elizabeth R., Silberman, Dafne M., Kurland, Irwin J., Veeranna, Ravindra P., Jayavelu, Tamilselvan, Bruzzone, Santina, Mostoslavsky, Raul, and Sundaresan, Nagalingam R.

Published
2022
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6. Contributors

Author

Abdelaziz, Aya I., primary, Abdollahi, Mehdi, additional, Adrah, Kelvin, additional, Ambedkar, Rudrappa, additional, Anarjan, Navideh, additional, Arathi, Bangalore Prabhashankar, additional, Assunção, Mariana F.G., additional, Azab, Samar S., additional, Baskaran, V., additional, Butler, Thomas O., additional, Capelli, Bob, additional, Capelli, Francis, additional, de Carvalho, Julio Cesar, additional, Cerezal-Mezquita, Pedro, additional, Chen, Jun-Hui, additional, Chen, Zhenfan, additional, Cheng, Xiang, additional, Cheong, J.Y., additional, Colusse, Guilherme Augusto, additional, Demirel, Pinar Buket, additional, Ding, Lixin, additional, Duarte, Maria Eugênia Rabello, additional, Espinaco, Brenda Y., additional, Espinosa-Álvarez, Carolina, additional, Fakhri, Sajad, additional, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, additional, Ferreira, Joana D., additional, Gad, Amany M., additional, Gao, Zhengquan, additional, Glukhareva, Tatiana V., additional, Guimarães, Bárbara, additional, He, Jiayi, additional, Hecht, Karen A., additional, Ho, Yiu-Hang, additional, Hong, Dang Diem, additional, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, Hoda, additional, Janani, R., additional, Jáuregui-Tirado, Marjorie, additional, Jeffers, Tim L., additional, Kanwugu, Osman N., additional, Kim, Se-Kwon, additional, Kovaleva, Elena G., additional, Kumar, Bikash, additional, Kuregyan, Anna Gurgenovna, additional, Lakshminarayana, Rangaswamy, additional, Leone, Gian Paolo, additional, Li, Jian, additional, Li, Xin, additional, Lignell, Åke, additional, Macias-Sánchez, M.D., additional, Madan Kumar, P., additional, Maoka, Takashi, additional, Marino, Tiziana, additional, Martins, Clara B., additional, Mehariya, Sanjeet, additional, Minyuk, Galina, additional, Molino, Antonio, additional, Muskhazli, M., additional, Musmarra, Dino, additional, Nair, Arun, additional, Narayanan, Anila, additional, Naveen, J., additional, Niizawa, Ignacio, additional, Noseda, Miguel Daniel, additional, Oganesyan, Eduard Tonikovich, additional, Palma-Ramírez, Jenifer, additional, Pangestuti, Ratih, additional, Pastén-Angel, Faviola, additional, Pechinskii, Stanislav Vitalievich, additional, Piri, Sana, additional, Pratama, Idham Sumarto, additional, Putra, Yanuariska, additional, Raju, Marisiddaiah, additional, Ramasamy, Hosahalli, additional, Ranga Rao, Ambati, additional, Rathore, Parikshita, additional, Ravi, Sarada, additional, Ravishankar, Gokare A., additional, Rodriguez-Amaya, Delia B., additional, Roth, Melissa S., additional, Ruíz-Domínguez, María del Carmen, additional, Saini, Khem Chand, additional, Salinas-Fuentes, Francisca, additional, Santos, Lília M.A., additional, Schnackenberg, Joerg, additional, Shah, Mahfuzur, additional, Shanmugam, Kathiresan, additional, Siahaan, Evi Amelia, additional, Sihufe, Guillermo A., additional, Simon, Daris P., additional, Sobarzo-Sánchez, Eduardo, additional, Solovchenko, Alexei, additional, Sowmya, Poorigali Raghavendra-Rao, additional, Taghavi, Elham, additional, Tahergorabi, Reza, additional, Talbott, Shawn, additional, Tam, Luu Thi, additional, Tuna, Bilge Guvenc, additional, Turan, Gamze, additional, Vatankhah, Hamed, additional, Verma, Pradeep, additional, Wang, Jiangxin, additional, Wang, Xiaoqian, additional, Wei, Dong, additional, Wong, Yee-Keung, additional, Wu, Mingcan, additional, Yadav, Digvijay Singh, additional, Yang, Duanpeng, additional, Zhu, Ming-Jun, additional, Zhuang, Yuan, additional, and Zorrilla, Susana E., additional

Published
2021
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13. Cultured Neonatal Murine Primary Myotubes as a Model to Study Muscle Atrophy

Author

Ankit Kumar, Tamta, Bhoomika, Shivanaiah, Sunayana, Ningaraju, Arathi Bangalore, Prabhashankar, and Nagalingam Ravi, Sundaresan

Subjects
General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Health Informatics, Dexamethasone, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rats, Myoblasts, Mice, Muscular Atrophy, Medical Laboratory Technology, Protein Biosynthesis, Animals, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Abstract

Besides genetic disorders, skeletal muscle atrophy mainly occurs as a consequence of underlying conditions such as prolonged inactivity, aging, and metabolic diseases, ultimately contributing to the risk of disability. Disturbances in cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in proteolysis and protein synthesis underpin muscle fiber shrinkage and decreased muscle fiber diameter. Stress-induced primary myotube culture is an established model for studying muscle atrophy. An in vitro model is an essential criterion in establishing preliminary data in a cell-autonomous manner that can later be validated using in vivo models. Here, we describe protocols for the isolation, culture, and differentiation of primary murine myotubes and the induction of myotube atrophy using dexamethasone, a synthetic corticosteroid. We further elaborate the procedure to validate degenerative parameters, such as assessing muscle fiber diameter, expression of muscle atrophy genes, and protein synthesis status under dexamethasone treatment. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation and culture of primary myoblasts from rat or mouse pups Support Protocol 1: Preparation of coated tissue culture ware Support Protocol 2: Subculture of myoblasts Basic Protocol 2: Induction and assessment of myotube atrophy.

Published
2022
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14. Sirtuin 6 Is a Critical Epigenetic Regulator of Cancer

Author

Sukanya, Raghu, Arathi Bangalore, Prabhashankar, Bhoomika, Shivanaiah, Ekta, Tripathi, and Nagalingam Ravi, Sundaresan

Subjects
Epigenomics, Neoplasms, Humans, Sirtuins, Epigenesis, Genetic
Abstract

Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the mammalian sirtuin family with deacetylase, deacylase, and mono-ADP-ribosyl-transferase activities. It is a multitasking chromatin-associated protein regulating different cellular and physiological functions in cells. Specifically, SIRT6 dysfunction is implicated in several aging-related human diseases, including cancer. Studies indicate that SIRT6 has a tumor-specific role, and it is considered a tumor suppressor as well as a tumor growth inducer, depending on the type of cancer. In this chapter, we review the role of SIRT6 in metabolism, genomic stability, and cancer. Further, we provide an insight into the interplay of the tumor-suppressing and oncogenic roles of SIRT6 in cancer. Additionally, we discuss the use of small-molecule SIRT6 modulators as potential therapeutics.

Published
2022

24. Fractionation and Characterization of Lycopene-Oxidation Products by LC-MS/MS (ESI)+: Elucidation of the Chemopreventative Potency of Oxidized Lycopene in Breast-Cancer Cell Lines

Author

Arathi, Bangalore Prabhashankar, primary, Raghavendra-Rao Sowmya, Poorigali, additional, Kuriakose, Gini Chempakathinal, additional, Shilpa, Shivaprasad, additional, Shwetha, Hulikere Jagdish, additional, Kumar, Sharath, additional, Raju, Marisiddaiah, additional, Baskaran, Vallikannan, additional, and Lakshminarayana, Rangaswamy, additional

Published
2018
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25. Biofunctionality of Carotenoid Metabolites : An insight into Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

Author

Arathi, Bangalore Prabhashankar

Subjects
Science / Life Sciences / Cell Biology
Abstract

Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that dietary intake of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables is positively correlated with reduction in age-related eye diseases, atherosclerosis, certain cancers and chronic diseases. Carotenoids consist of unique chemical characteristics and are highly vulnerable to structural modifications, leading to the formation of various derivatives under physiological conditions. The identification of these molecules is necessary before addressing their biological functions. Carotenoid metabolomics is believed to be highly complex to fingerprint due to instability and interference with complex biological matrices. Noteworthy, progress has been made in understanding carotenoid metabolism or its biotransformation in biological samples. In this regard, the chapter highlights the concept of metabolomics and their related bio-analytical techniques pertaining to the detection of carotenoids and their derived products to elucidate their bio-transformation on targeted biological functions. Further, this chapter highlights the various hyphenated analytical tools and their optimization.

Published
2016

28. Isolation and Culture of Primary Fibroblasts from Neonatal Murine Hearts to Study Cardiac Fibrosis.

Author

Kumar S, Nagesh D, Ramasubbu V, Prabhashankar AB, and Sundaresan NR

Abstract

Cardiac fibroblasts are one of the major constituents of a healthy heart. Cultured cardiac fibroblasts are a crucial resource for conducting studies on cardiac fibrosis. The existing methods for culturing cardiac fibroblasts involve complicated steps and require special reagents and instruments. The major problems faced with primary cardiac fibroblast culture are the low yield and viability of the cultured cells and contamination with other heart cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Numerous parameters, including the quality of the reagents used for the culture, conditions maintained during digestion of the cardiac tissue, composition of the digestion mixture used, and age of the pups used for culture determine the yield and purity of the cultured cardiac fibroblasts. The present study describes a detailed and simplified protocol to isolate and culture primary cardiac fibroblasts from neonatal murine pups. We demonstrate the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment, representing the changes in fibroblasts during cardiac fibrosis. These cells can be used to study the various aspects of cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, and growth., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no conflict of interest. Data Availability Statement The data supporting the study are available to the corresponding author upon request., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors; This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).)

Published
2023
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29. Fractionation and Characterization of Lycopene-Oxidation Products by LC-MS/MS (ESI) + : Elucidation of the Chemopreventative Potency of Oxidized Lycopene in Breast-Cancer Cell Lines.

Author

Arathi BP, Raghavendra-Rao Sowmya P, Kuriakose GC, Shilpa S, Shwetha HJ, Kumar S, Raju M, Baskaran V, and Lakshminarayana R

Subjects
Apoptosis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Lycopene, Solanum lycopersicum chemistry, MCF-7 Cells, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Molecular Structure, Oxidation-Reduction, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Carotenoids chemistry
Abstract

Lycopene (LYC) has been correlated with the reduction of certain cancers and chronic diseases. However, the existence and biofunctionality of degraded, oxidized, and biotransformed LYC products in vivo have not been revealed. Therefore, this study aimed to screen and elucidate the potential bioactive lycopene-derived products in breast-cancer and non-cancerous cells. LYC-oxidation or -cleavage products were generated using KMnO 4 . These oxidation products were separated as fractions I-III by silica column chromatography using gradient solvent systems. Further, LC-MS/MS (ESI) + was used to elucidate their possible fragmentation patterns and structures. Fraction II showed higher cytotoxicity (IC 50 value of 64.5 μM), cellular uptake, and apoptosis-inducing activity in MCF-7 cells. This fraction consists of major peak m/ z 323, identified as apo-8,6'-carotendial. The cytotoxicity-inducing activity may be due to partial ROS generation with mitochondrial dysfunction. Further, the role of apo-8,6'-carotendial in the induction of apoptosis is demonstrated for the first time. These results illustrated that LYC-oxidation derivatives or metabolites are involved in growth inhibition of cancer cells. Exploration of specific oxidized-carotenoid products will give further insight into the field of nutritional biochemistry.

Published
2018
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