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The paper industry is one of the biggest sources of trash and stands out for its effects on both human health and ecological harmony. However, these waste could also help the building sector become more ecologically friendly. Beyond ecological considerations, modern construction often requires materials to make concrete durable, resisting heavy loads and less harmful environmental influences. This creates opportunities for waste management and practical application. This review provides a detail overview of eco-friendly construction ideas that deal with the practical use of materials that are often discarded (paper pulp ash). The impact they had on the characteristics of the construction material, the best mixture composition, and a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of the “green” addition received the majority of the attention (paper pulp ash). The essential concrete properties such as consistency, setting time, flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and impact strength are reviewed. Furthermore, the cost benefits and environmental benefits of paper pulp ash as construction materials are also discussed. The study concludes by suggesting a line of inquiry for the creation of an environmentally friendly structural material for a sustainable future.

The research work aimed at identifying the failure mode and energy evolution of damaged granite by uniaxial compression tests. The predamage specimens were prepared by cyclic loading with high confining pressure under constant upper and lower cyclic limit loading, which were collected from China. The test results showed that the cyclic loading with high confining pressure does damage to the rock to a certain degree. The macrocracks of predamage rock appear initially when the uniaxial compressive stress reaches 0.8 σmax. The failure mode is mainly mixed by shear failure and tensile failure. There is a critical state of the cyclic test that the predamage rock transforms the brittle deformation into a ductile one during the triaxial compression loading. Before the critical state, the average deformation energy of predamage rock is impacted by confining pressure (strongly, linear negative). The impact energy index and the residual energy of the predamage rock gradually decrease linearly with the increase of confining pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the feasibility of strengthening and repairing two‐way reinforced concrete slabs and the effect of compressive strength on the properties of strengthened and repaired slabs using CFRP sheets were studied. The experimental program includes testing twelve samples. Four samples served as control panels, while four samples were strengthened using CFRP sheets to study the effect of carbon sheets on the ultimate load capacity. Also, the four pretested control panels were also taken and rerepaired using CFRP sheets and retested for the purpose of evaluating their properties after repair. The ultimate load capacity, energy dissipation capacity, initial stiffness, and failure pattern were explained by the experimental results obtained. The experimental results revealed that the use of CFRP strips led to an improvement in the average ultimate loading capacity by 16.2% and 6.45% for the strengthening and repairing system, respectively. Also, the utilization of the CFRP strips as a strengthening system significantly improved the stiffness and the cracking load of RC two‐way slabs. It was also noted that the ultimate loading capacity was proportionally related to the concrete strength for strengthened slabs with an increase of 23.3% for slabs with the highest concrete strength (C: 70). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]