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Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main goal of the article is to develop a toolkit algorithm for the application of computer modelling in the analysis of hazardous areas during flooding using ArcGIS software for representatives of administrative-territorial authorities. The created toolkit algorithm can be utilized at the regional and local self-government levels for analysing potential negative consequences of flooding, followed by decision-making regarding the implementation of appropriate protective measures. The authors have developed a toolkit algorithm for the application of computer modelling to analyse hazardous areas during the flooding of territories using ArcGIS software, specifically designed for representatives of administrative-territorial authorities. This algorithm involves modelling the watershed basins of the area and identifying hazardous areas that may pose additional dangers or lead to a "domino effect" during the flooding of the studied territory. The authors have identified a list of hazardous areas that pose additional risks to the population's livelihood in the territory that may be affected by flooding. Additionally, the practical application of the proposed computer modelling algorithm has been examined using the example of the Drohobych district in the Lviv region, where frequent flooding has been observed in the past. The Drohobych district includes the territorial communities of Medenychi, Drohobych, Truskavets, Skhidnytsia, and Boryslav. In the region, there are two solid household waste landfills near the villages of Bronytsia and the city of Boryslav, which can be considered hazardous areas in the event of flooding. The greatest danger of consecutive contaminations due to flooding occurs in the area of the cities of Borislav and Truskavets. Water covers four cemeteries and comes dangerously close to the landfill as a result of flooded territories. The city of Drohobych is in a relatively safe zone; however, the water sources supplying the city are within the boundaries of the city of Truskavets, which also causes an additional danger to these and adjacent settlements. Subsequently, the developed toolkit algorithm can be utilized at the regional and community levels for analysing potential negative consequences of flooding, followed by decision-making regarding the implementation of appropriate engineering protection measures in specific areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the study is the forecasting of fires, on the example of Australian events in the winter of 2013, using the spatial location of fire-hazardous areas. To do this, several approaches were used to visualize data in space and time. A temporary map has been created showing the points of fires using a color scheme linked to the date. A series of small multiple visualizations has been developed. A time series has been created in which the regularity of the brightness of points is distributed depending on the date of origin and animated maps that allow you to view data in space and time. In this case, the geographic information system was used as the main tool when working with maps, as it is one of the best ways to process georeferenced data displayed on the map. A space-time cube is displayed, which displays data in 3D format, or rather, fire points, symbolized by the average temperature of the fire (displayed in different colors) in accordance with the day of the month. Finally, clusters of focal points were created using the space-time framework in the ArcGIS software environment. The described results of using the method of spatial location of fire hazardous zones, in addition to the direct task - localization of fire points (fires), this method makes it possible to study patterns in spatial and temporal scales, with the possibility of further visualization of the spatio-temporal cube in 3D format in the ArcScene program, which will allow more efficient predict fire hazardous periods and areas in the study area. The method of spatial location of fire hazardous areas can be used for any investigated area for which there are statistical and spatial data, both for the purpose of localizing fires, and for the purpose of studying patterns in selected space-time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking the geographic information system software platform as the tool, the oil and gas industry mapping of ArcGIS software has five advantages, which are accurate positioning of spatial information, massive processing and storage, convenient update and maintenance, repeated use of standardized symbols, flexible and convenient map marking and decoration. 7- step drawing technical process and key technologies have been proposed, which are mapping work area and technical scheme determination, mapping data preparation, mapping information extraction and ArcGIS data screening, mapping data processing and map generalization, map matching and decoration, drawing quality inspection, output printing and map preservation. Taking the global petroleum basin commercial database as the data source, the successful application of ArcGIS software in the rapid compilation of global oil & gas resources and basin evaluation industrial maps is realized. ArcGIS oil and gas industry mapping presents three characteristics, including highlighting the expression of oil and gas geological information, mainly reflecting macro geological content and high mapping data accuracy, which greatly improves the mapping efficiency and will develop in the direction of intelligent, customized, online and automatic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main market of Tehran in district 12 (16.91 km2) including 6 zones located in the city center is the considerable economic pole of Iran, with the floating population and intra city trips, which are playing an important role in the air pollution. The present study aimed to investigate how the air index pollutants emitted in the cold seasons. There were 22 main locations determined for sampling, which was 10 times measured and the average is presented. Coincided with the review of early studies, the Zones of the regions were visited and a checklist of industries and centers with the potential of pollution was prepared. Then, according to the expert’s comments and guidelines of the Department of Environment, the pollutants of the centers were identified and by referring to the GIS unit of the district 12, digital layers were received and the relevant maps were prepared. The air pollutants of the region were zoned based on the measurements using ArcGIS software by IDW interpolation method. The air pollutants in the region include volatile organic compounds BTEX: containing benzene (13.04 – 388.71 ppb); toluene (5.99 - 942.8 ppb); ethylbenzene (0.00016-37.13 ppb); xylene (0.00016-37.13 ppb); PM10 (33.22– 200 μg/m3); PM2.5 (19-170 μg/m3, SO2 0.239 - 0.149 ppm); NO2 (0.17-0.27 ppm); CO (0.11- 11.91 ppm) and O3 (0 - 0.022 ppm) was measured. Finally, the results of the air pollutant analysis and managerial solutions of control were analyzed and its reduction in district 12 was presented.

One of the most important steps in designing seismic rehabilitation programs for urban areas in metropolises is determining the region’s risk level. There is no doubt of cast that the implementation of a seamless seismic rehabilitation program can secure urban areas against seismic damages. However, these plans face some difficulties in most cases. For instance, their execution costs are very high, or, they are really time-consuming in some cases. It is obvious that a coherent rehabilitation strategy will be effective if it can distinguish executive priorities by identifying areas with high level of risk, and focusing primarily on improving the general condition of these areas. In this paper, the seismic vulnerability of the 7th region of Tehran is studied. For this purpose, the main parameters that affect the vulnerability of the region are identified first. Then, considering the uncertainties in these parameters, their impact on the vulnerability of the region is determined. ArcGIS software is used not only to model the impact of these parameters, but also for data training. The results of this study show the vulnerability level of different parts of Tehran's 7th region. In fact, this study provides a comprehensive and meaningful overview of the current status of the studied region, which can helps the engineers to design suitable seismic rehabilitation programs. The obtained results are presented as a map which reveals the vulnerability level of the region. Based on such a map, neighborhoods or areas with high seismic hazard are identified. Considering these classification, the seismic rehabilitation techniques can be offered purposefully.

ABSTRACT Background & objective: The lack of suitable landfill for storage and disposal of solid wastes in different parts of Guilan has been not only led to deforestation and agricultural lands destruction, but also jeopardized public health. The Langroud County as a tourist destination of Guilan province is also affected by solid wastes. Therefore, the present study aims to locate the new appropriate area for municipal sanitary landfill, taking into account environmental standards in Langroud County. Materials & Methods: In this research, 20 criteria were used in accordance with the standards of the Iranian Environmental Protection Agency, the Alberta State Environmental Authority of Canada, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the British Columbia Environmental Ministry as criteria for locating. TOPSIS method was used in combining the criteria maps in ArcGIS software environment. Results: After passing TOPSIS and combining the layers obtained in the ArcGIS software environment, the final map of urban landfill location within the study area was classified into five classes (very weak, weak, moderate, good and excellent). Conclusion: Based on the results, five prestigious areas in the south and southwest of the city with the highest degree of fit and excellent grade were proposed as new areas of urban solid waste disposal for the city of Langroud.

This study aims to assess landslide susceptibility in Pahne Kola watershed located in the south of Sari, based on bivariate logistic regression. For this purpose, the distribution map of the area’s landslides was firstly prepared in ArcGIS software. Eight effective factors on landslide event including elevation, slope, slope aspect, rainfall, land use, distance from the road, soil and geology were considered as independent variables. PGA is same for all the area because the study area is small. The independent variables including eight effective factors were including 61 sliding points as dependent variable, and number 1 was devoted to the presence and zero was devoted to absence of landslide. After quantitative analysis, the related data was transferred to SPSS software and after interpreting the coefficients, just the distance from the road was recognized as a significant variable influencing the final equation and the other independent variables were omitted from the final equation because of the lack of statistical correlation. After transferring the final probability equation to ArcGIS software, the landslide hazard map was prepared. Statistical model accuracy was evaluated and approved by omnibus test, model summary table, classification graph and table. Statistical evaluation of the model showed that the overall accuracy of prepared map was 85.2%.

Floods are among the most common natural hazards around the world. Mapping and evaluating potential flood hazards are essential for flood risk management and mitigation strategies, particularly in coastal areas. Several factors play significant roles in flooding and recognizing the role of these flood-related factors may enhance flood disaster prediction and mitigation strategies. This study focuses on using Shannon’s entropy model to predict the role of seven factors in causing floods in the Governorate of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, and mapping coastal flood-prone areas. The seven selected factors (including ground elevation, slope degree, hydrologic soil group (HSG), land use, distance from the coast, distance from the wadi, and distance from the road) were initially prepared and categorized into classes based on their contribution to flood occurrence. In the next step, the entropy model was used to determine the weight and contribution of each factor in overall susceptibility. Finally, results from the previous two steps were combined using ArcGIS software to produce the final coastal flood susceptibility index map that was categorized into five susceptibility zones. The result indicated that land use and HSG are the most causative factors of flooding in the area, and about 133.5 km2 of the extracted area is threatened by coastal floods. The outcomes of this study can provide decision-makers with essential information for identifying flood risks and enhancing adaptation and mitigation strategies. For future work, it is recommended to evaluate the reliability of the obtained result by comparing it with a real flooding event, such as flooding during cyclones Gonu and Phet.

Waste collection and transportation is considered as the most costly stage of waste management, to the extent that more than 70% of the total waste management costs are related to this sector. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost of the waste collection and transportation system of the 5th district of Tabriz, Iran, in 2015. For this purpose, the maps of collection routes and locations of waste storage tanks were drawn using ArcGIS software. The waste collection and transportation operations were performed in 3 areas of municipal services of the study area in 8 specific directions, with a distance of about 68051.03 m during 2722.04 minutes. According to the GIS maps and outputs of WAGS software, the main cost of waste collection was related to supplying human resources and fuel charges. According to the results obtained from WAGs, the total daily and annual costs of waste collection were 37163.5 × 103 and 13564.7 × 106 IRR, respectively. Moreover, the cost of solid waste transportation from collection point to the transfer station was estimated at about 500 × 103 IRR per 1 kilometer. Outputs of WAGs software show that 7 vehicles and 343 storage tanks were needed for collection and transportation of 26297 tons of generated waste in the study area.

This study aims to enhance the mapping of forecast for water quality assessment in Mekong Delta provinces. The data from 32 sites from main rivers and canals in an area of around 2,482 km2 in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam, were used for calculation and mapping. The ArcGIS 9.3 software, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method, hydrologic data, and water quality parameters in March (2010-2014) were applied to build the maps showing 2020 water quality predictions for main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province. The estimation was based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) with 6 parameters such as pH, total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (T_N), and coliform. The results showed that water quality in the studied area in dry season will not be improved by the year 2020. The finding could be a scientific reference for the selection of effective approaches to improve water quality in main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province.

The Egyptian coastal lakes have changes in the water bodies due to the severe anthropogenic activities. In this paper, the Burullus Lake was selected as a case study. It is the second largest of the Egyptian northern coastal lakes along the Mediterranean coast. It has economic and environmental impacts on the nearby society of Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS software are used in this study for processing of the images and managing the database of each image. Different classification techniques are tested, the results showed that the maximum likelihood supervised classification technique was more accurate to monitor changes in the water bodies of the Lake. The method is applied to subsets of the Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI/TIRS images acquired on 1984, 1990, 1998, 2003 and 2015, respectively. Five classes are detected including sea water, lake water, floating vegetation, sand bar and urban, and agriculture land. The results showed that the water bodies of the lake decreased by 44.97% (14,503.68 ha), while floating vegetation area increased mostly by the same amount during the period from 1984 to 2015. This increase in floating vegetation is mainly due to discharging of agriculture wastes and municipal wastes in the lake without adequate treatment. The sea water has minor changes during the period of study. The agriculture area increased by 45.52% (10,529.02 ha), while the sand bar and urban area decreased mostly by the same amount during the period from 1984 to 2015. Statistical models were developed using statistical tools. The models indicated that the water bodies of the lake will be reduced by 58.95% (19,013.42 ha) in 2030. The results of the present study shall help the decision-makers to take the necessary measures to reduce the environmental risk and maintain the lake in order to sustain the lake water area against further reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies if intensity and recentness of wartime violence is related to the trajectory of post-conflict agricultural development. We consider the case of Mozambique, where the government has made agricultural concessions to corporations, as well as land grants to communities. These uses may stand in competition with one another, and we test if violence affects the awarding of concessions or land grants. We analyze district-level, GIS-generated data on concessions, grants, and civil war events. We find wartime violence intensity is associated with more concessions and fewer grants. We conversely find recentness of violence is associated with fewer concessions and more grants. Embedding our empirical analysis in a community resilience framework, we suggest the intensity of wartime violence may erode local institutions – be they traditional governance structures, or agricultural cooperatives seeking community lands – or limit their access to government bodies and local NGOs tasked with vetting, delimiting, and monitoring proposed concessions. Paradoxically, recentness violence may mobilize those same institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to enhance the mapping of forecast for water quality assessment in Mekong Delta provinces. The data from 32 sites from main rivers and canals in an area of around 2,482 km2 in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam, were used for calculation and mapping. The ArcGIS 9.3 software, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method, hydrologic data, and water quality parameters in March (2010-2014) were applied to build the maps showing 2020 water quality predictions for main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province. The estimation was based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) with 6 parameters such as pH, total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (T_N), and coliform. The results showed that water quality in the studied area in dry season will not be improved by the year 2020. The finding could be a scientific reference for the selection of effective approaches to improve water quality in main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two important territories in Slovakia with functioning gas well operations: the Eastern Slovak Lowland and the Vienna Basin. This article focuses on the creation of electronic monitoring and graphical mapping of the current technical conditions of gas wells in the Eastern Slovak Lowland. An analysis of the gas wells' current state in the terrain is available. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the current state of gas wells, such as the insufficient processing of gas wells, the lack of summary and uniform records concerning them, and the lack of an electronic system for monitoring the technical security of the wells. The scientific contribution of this article lies in its ability to interpret and address operational problems related to gas wells. Through analogy, the step algorithm expresses the possibility of also using gas wells for oil, geothermal and hydrogeological wells. The intention was to highlight the importance of the need to create a database for the security and strategic needs of the state regarding the storage of natural gas. As of yet, no computer or graphic system has been used in Slovakia to monitor, unify and clarify the actual technical condition of gas wells. Using the ArcGIS electronic and graphical software tool, the mapping and recording of gas wells was carried out in the area under investigation. The mapping was completed with the mentioned technical patterns. These patterns have the information found on individual gas wells. After the information is added to the database, this mapping can also be carried out in another important area with functioning gas wells, such as in the Vienna Basin, which could be another theme for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods are among the most common natural hazards around the world. Mapping and evaluating potential flood hazards are essential for flood risk management and mitigation strategies, particularly in coastal areas. Several factors play significant roles in flooding and recognizing the role of these flood-related factors may enhance flood disaster prediction and mitigation strategies. This study focuses on using Shannon's entropy model to predict the role of seven factors in causing floods in the Governorate of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, and mapping coastal flood-prone areas. The seven selected factors (including ground elevation, slope degree, hydrologic soil group (HSG), land use, distance from the coast, distance from the wadi, and distance from the road) were initially prepared and categorized into classes based on their contribution to flood occurrence. In the next step, the entropy model was used to determine the weight and contribution of each factor in overall susceptibility. Finally, results from the previous two steps were combined using ArcGIS software to produce the final coastal flood susceptibility index map that was categorized into five susceptibility zones. The result indicated that land use and HSG are the most causative factors of flooding in the area, and about 133.5 km2 of the extracted area is threatened by coastal floods. The outcomes of this study can provide decision-makers with essential information for identifying flood risks and enhancing adaptation and mitigation strategies. For future work, it is recommended to evaluate the reliability of the obtained result by comparing it with a real flooding event, such as flooding during cyclones Gonu and Phet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]