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3. Social-Ecological Drivers of Land Cover/Land Use Change on Islands: A Synthesis of the Patterns and Processes of Change

Author

Walsh, Stephen J., Brewington, Laura, Laso, Francisco, Shao, Yang, Bilsborrow, Richard E., Arce Nazario, Javier, Mattei, Hernando, Page, Philip H., Frizzelle, Brian G., Pizzitutti, Francesco, Walsh, Stephen J., Series Editor, Mena, Carlos F., Series Editor, Riveros-Iregui, Diego, editor, Arce-Nazario, Javier, editor, and Page, Philip H., editor

Published
2020
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19. Human Ecology of a Species Introduction: Interactions Between Humans and Introduced Green Iguanas in a Puerto Rican Urban Estuary

Author

G. García-Quijano, Carlos, A. Carlo, Tomás, and Arce-Nazario, Javier

Abstract

This paper reports results of interdisciplinary research between anthropologists and wildlife ecologists about the interactions between people and introduced green iguanas (Iguana iguana) in the San Juan Bay Estuary in Puerto Rico. Non-indigenous, introduced species and their impact on invaded ecosystems, including humans, are a worldwide environmental concern. Humans are the dominant species in most world ecosystems, and, thus, studying an introduced species’ interactions with people is of utmost importance to understand its impacts, make predictions, and inform environmental policy. Here, we detail some remarkable findings of our ongoing research in this topic, including (1) the spatial distribution of introduced green iguanas with respect to people’s activities and land uses, (2) the intracultural variation in attitudes and values regarding introduced iguanas and other introduced species in the study region, (3) local people’s knowledge about iguana diets in the estuary, and (4) the interactions between green iguanas and the tourism industry in Puerto Rico.

Published
2011
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20. Land Cover Classification of Complex Agroecosystems in the Non-Protected Highlands of the Galapagos Islands.

Author

Laso, Francisco J., Benítez, Fátima L., Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Sampedro, Carolina, and Arce-Nazario, Javier

Subjects
LAND cover, HIGH resolution imaging, MIXED forests, AGRICULTURAL ecology, ISLANDS, NATIVE plants, FOOD crops, FORAGE plants
Abstract

The humid highlands of the Galapagos are the islands' most biologically productive regions and a key habitat for endemic animal and plant species. These areas are crucial for the region's food security and for the control of invasive plants, but little is known about the spatial distribution of its land cover. We generated a baseline high-resolution land cover map of the agricultural zones and their surrounding protected areas. We combined the high spatial resolution of PlanetScope images with the high spectral resolution of Sentinel-2 images in an object-based classification using a RandomForest algorithm. We used images collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to verify and validate our classified map. Despite the astounding diversity and heterogeneity of the highland landscape, our classification yielded useful results (overall Kappa: 0.7, R2: 0.69) and revealed that across all four inhabited islands, invasive plants cover the largest fraction (28.5%) of the agricultural area, followed by pastures (22.3%), native vegetation (18.6%), food crops (18.3%), and mixed forest and pioneer plants (11.6%). Our results are consistent with historical trajectories of colonization and abandonment of the highlands. The produced dataset is designed to suit the needs of practitioners of both conservation and agriculture and aims to foster collaboration between the two areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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21. Perceptional and Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Household Drinking Water Management Strategies in Rural Puerto Rico

Author

Jain, Meha, Lim, Yili, Arce-Nazario, Javier A., and Uriarte, Maria

Subjects
Ecology, FOS: Biological sciences, Drinking water, 14. Life underwater, Public opinion, 6. Clean water, Water resources development--Management
Abstract

Identifying which factors influence household water management can help policy makers target interventions to improve drinking water quality for communities that may not receive adequate water quality at the tap. We assessed which perceptional and socio-demographic factors are associated with household drinking water management strategies in rural Puerto Rico. Specifically, we examined which factors were associated with household decisions to boil or filter tap water before drinking, or to obtain drinking water from multiple sources. We find that households differ in their management strategies depending on the institution that distributes water (i.e. government PRASA vs community-managed non-PRASA), perceptions of institutional efficacy, and perceptions of water quality. Specifically, households in PRASA communities are more likely to boil and filter their tap water due to perceptions of low water quality. Households in non-PRASA communities are more likely to procure water from multiple sources due to perceptions of institutional inefficacy. Based on informal discussions with community members, we suggest that water quality may be improved if PRASA systems improve the taste and odor of tap water, possibly by allowing for dechlorination prior to distribution, and if non-PRASA systems reduce the turbidity of water at the tap, possibly by increasing the degree of chlorination and filtering prior to distribution. Future studies should examine objective water quality standards to identify whether current management strategies are effective at improving water quality prior to consumption.

22. Perceptional and Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Household Drinking Water Management Strategies in Rural Puerto Rico

Author

Arce-Nazario, Javier A., Jain, Meha, Lim, Yili, and Uriarte, Maria

Subjects
Ecology, FOS: Biological sciences, Drinking water, Public opinion, 6. Clean water, Water resources development--Management
Abstract

Identifying which factors influence household water management can help policy makers target interventions to improve drinking water quality for communities that may not receive adequate water quality at the tap. We assessed which perceptional and socio-demographic factors are associated with household drinking water management strategies in rural Puerto Rico. Specifically, we examined which factors were associated with household decisions to boil or filter tap water before drinking, or to obtain drinking water from multiple sources. We find that households differ in their management strategies depending on the institution that distributes water (i.e. government PRASA vs community-managed non-PRASA), perceptions of institutional efficacy, and perceptions of water quality. Specifically, households in PRASA communities are more likely to boil and filter their tap water due to perceptions of low water quality. Households in non-PRASA communities are more likely to procure water from multiple sources due to perceptions of institutional inefficacy. Based on informal discussions with community members, we suggest that water quality may be improved if PRASA systems improve the taste and odor of tap water, possibly by allowing for dechlorination prior to distribution, and if non-PRASA systems reduce the turbidity of water at the tap, possibly by increasing the degree of chlorination and filtering prior to distribution. Future studies should examine objective water quality standards to identify whether current management strategies are effective at improving water quality prior to consumption.

24. Galapagos is a Garden

Author

Laso, Francisco, Walsh, Stephen J., Series Editor, Mena, Carlos F., Series Editor, Riveros-Iregui, Diego, editor, Arce-Nazario, Javier, editor, and Page, Philip H., editor

Published
2020
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