Search

Nara Palace is an important location in the history of Japanese archaeological site conservation because conservation work here started early, the project is large scale, and a number of participants are involved. The history of conservation at this site went passed through a number of complex stages over more than a century, including initial discovery, calls for protection, damage, initiation of a conservation movement, designation as a historic site, acquisition of land by the Japanese government, implementation of a plan for protection, and the construction of a national historical park. There have also been frequent conflicts with the livelihoods of local residents during the conservation process, especially during the I 960s and 1970s. The aim of this paper is to summarize and discuss a number of examples of these conflicts, including the prices for land acquisition, the scope of designations, and reconstructing residences, as well as other situations that have influenced local residents. The experiences discussed in this paper reveal a number of possible solutions to the issues faced by local residents that can be applied to further harmonious coexistence at the Nara Palace site, and also provide a valuable experience base for other archaeological sites in similar situations., 平城宮跡は．その保存整備の歴史が長く．広範囲にわたり，参加者が多様であるという点から.B本の考古遺跡保存の歴史において重要な位置づけにある。その保存整備の過程は複雑で． 発見された当初から保存意識が呼びかけられたが．遺跡の損偽が明らかになると．いよいよ保存運動が本格的に始まった。その後．国による特別史跡への指定と遺跡全域の購入．保存構想の実施を経て国営歴史公園として整備されるまで100年余りの歴史がある。その過程において．とくに1960年代から70年代にかけて．平城宮跡の保存整備をめぐり．地元の住民生活との葛藤が繰り返し見られたことは注目に値する。本稿は．平城宮跡の保存と地元住民との間に見られた対立として．国による遺跡の買い上げ価格や． 史跡指定の区域， 住民側の建造物の改築• 増築などを分析した上で． これら対立の原因とその後の解決策に関して考察を行った。 本研究により， 平城宮跡の保存における対立や衝突などについてどのような解決策が実現され，地元住民との共生を達成したかが明らかにされることで， 同様の問題を抱える他の遺跡の保存整備に対し． 問題解決を達成した先行例を提示することが期待される。

With the increasing threats posed by natural disasters and urbanization, as well as the need to display and utilize archaeological sites, the conservation of Chinese archaeological sites, especially large-scale archaeological sites, has been conducted. However, the wishes and emotions of local residents who are affected by such conservation have not received due consideration. To comprehensively study local residents living in and nearby Chinese large-scale archaeological sites, this research selected Yin Xu and Han Yangling as cases where there is a close relationship between conservation efforts and residents. By reviewing the process of archaeological site conservation and surveying the attitudes and living conditions of local residents, this study identified three main disparities between conservation policy and plan implementation as well as the wishes and feelings of local residents. Based on the findings, some suggestions are offered, along with considerations of feasibility.

The biological colonization present on the temples of the UNESCO World Heritage site of Angkor is wide and relevant, but a debate on its biodeteriorative and bioprotective effects is now developing. We investigated the biological patterns observed on two temples (Ta Nei and Ta Keo) exposed to different microclimatic conditions, in order to assess the damage caused by the communities present on the stone. We analyzed the penetration (depth and spread) into the stone, and the degree of decohesion of seven communities (green algae, cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses). The microscopic analyses highlighted a clear interaction between organism and stone, displaying a trend of increasing harmfulness from the community of the green algae (Trentepohlia) up to the moss communities. All the lichen communities show biodeterioration abilities: the Pyxine community seems more aggressive than the Lepraria and Cryptothecia communities, and more also than the cyanobacterial communities. The positive effects of the lichen cover in reducing dangerous evaporation processes cannot outweigh the negative effects of their hyphal penetration. Light forest cover seems beneficial for the conservation of the Angkor monuments since it reduces evaporation processes, but further studies should be carried out so as to find an optimal balance between contrasting factors.