Search

In the most complex indoor environments, such as a warehouse, where there is a large volume of equipment and the possibility of losing it is inevitable, this study reveals an embedded system that uses Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) accuracy to deliver pinpoint asset tracking. It is crucial to keep an eye on them. constructing a Real-Time Locating System (RTLS), to use technical terminology. Even though they were effective, conventional navigation systems like GPS, Wi-Fi, and BLE have limitations due to interference and range. UWB effectively overcomes these constraints with its massive 7.5GHz bandwidth and lower interference (- 41.3dBm/1MHz). When it comes to interior navigation, UWB works better since it has a higher connection than Wi-Fi and GPS. Conversely, UWB has no propagation effects like as scattering or reflection and can simply flow through an obstruction. The goal is to create an embedded system that uses an Arduino UNO to gather data from a Deca Wave DW1000, which will serve as a tag and anchor for effective asset navigation utilizing the Time of Flight (ToF) localization method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key objective of this paper is to monitor the Fuel consumption, route deviations, driving habits, breakdown details, vehicle maintenance conditions, and other vital performance details of a Heavy vehicle especially a college bus using a pre-fitted fuel sensor needed for an extensive fleet management system as operational costs and maintenance are escalating day by day. In particular, vehicle owners are confronting fuel break-ins, spare parts theft and illegal parking or route diversions in transport vehicles. In addition to this, vehicle proprietors don't ascertain operational details daily if they are illiterate. Various models are available which Standalone, Onboard diagnostics-based, GPS GPS-based fuel tracking Systems. This research project leverages IoT technology, GPS-based sensors, and a GSM tracking system to provide vehicle owners with real-time information on fuel consumption. This cloud-based and mobile application tracks the vehicle in real time. Most of the models are web-based and custom-built only. When the driver initiates fuel filling, the Fuel sensor in the tank automatically activates and senses the amount of fuel in the diesel tank by transmitting fuel input data to a connected cloud web server for storage and analysis along with other data. The gathered values are cross-verified with the database, and an alert message is promptly sent to the vehicle owner based on consumption patterns. This mobile app-based Vehicle Tracking System (VTS) application, using SMS and Vehicle tracking features offers numerous advantages to the vehicle owner, primarily focusing on preventing fuel theft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this project, we present the design, construction, and control of a pendulum-like system propelled by a propeller mounted on a brushless motor. Programming and data acquisition were performed using an Arduino UNO board connected to a computer through the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The measurement of the pendulum's angular position was conducted using a variable resistor. However, a drawback of this approach is its susceptibility to introducing noise into the signals. To address this issue, a Kalman filter was implemented in the analysis. The system was mathematically modeled as a second-order transfer function with underdamped poles and identified using the adaptive Gauss-Newton method. Experimental tests were conducted with step response trials, employing pulse width modulation (PWM) as the input and the resistor voltage as the output variable. The pendulum position was controlled using a Linear Quadratic Regulator with Gravity Compensation (LQR+G) and a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. Finally, a comparative analysis of performance was carried out between both approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on how to monitor and regulate the speed of an AC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) technology. PWM signals regulate motor voltage and enable continuous monitoring of voltage, current, and speed in addition to speed control. Comparing this technology to conventional techniques yields considerable advantages like enhanced power and speed control. PWM-based speed control can be implemented using circuits specifically designed for motor control or microcontrollers. It has been confirmed that PWM-based control can regulate the target motor under a variety of operating conditions and that it is reliable and efficient. To boost production and efficiency, this change management technique can be applied in a variety of industries, including robots, HVAC systems, and industrial automation. The study results show the significance of PWM technology for monitoring and controlling the speed of AC motors, providing productive and affordable solutions to a range of enterprises and sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to realize an angular position control system with a direct current motor. For this purpose, an Arduino microcontroller board is used to control the LS-25GA370 DC motor. The L298N dual H-bridge motor driver is used to modulate the PWM signal and control the travel direction. PID (proportional, integral and derivative) control algorithms are used to generate the PWM output. To implement a PID controller, the tuning parameters of the controller, namely proportional gain, integral gain and derivative gain must be carefully determined. Since the system is nonlinear, the PID controller is the best choice to accomplish this task. The sensor used was a Hall type encoder. To test the system, a LabVIEW interface was used, which communicates with the Arduino Uno platform through the serial port. This technical solution, using PID controller, can be applied for robotic arm position control system and many other industrial applications.

Throughout the project, an Arduino Uno, an RFID card, an RFID reader, an IR LED, and an IR receiver are implemented, all in addition to a motor for the gate, a motor pressure sensor, and a keypad are included. However, other items apart from the other items may also be required. Another example is an RFID card that is used to ensure that an individual is who they claim to be when they are logging on and off. An IR LED, which functions as a light source or as a transmitter for signals, and an IR receiver work together to transfer signals to the Arduino Uno to control the motor. An LCD screen, which is a part of the touchscreen, can display the total number of spaces that are available along with the number of people that each space can accommodate. Two infrared (IR) sensors are employed in this project to distinguish between occupied and empty spaces. To alert that the RFID card has been contaminated, a buzzer is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidics are crucial for managing small-volume analytical solutions for various applications, such as disease diagnostics, drug efficacy testing, chemical analysis, and water quality monitoring. The precise control of flow control devices can generate diverse flow patterns using pneumatic control with solenoid valves and a microcontroller. This system enables the active modulation of the pneumatic pressure through Arduino programming of the solenoid valves connected to the pressure source. Additionally, the incorporation of solenoid valve sets allows for multichannel control, enabling simultaneous creation and manipulation of various microflows at a low cost. The proposed microfluidic flow controller facilitates accurate flow regulation, especially through periodic flow modulation beneficial for droplet generation and continuous production of microdroplets of different sizes. Overall, we expect the proposed microfluidic flow controller to drive innovative advancements in technology and medicine owing to its engineering precision and versatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blood, which is divided into groups A, B, O, and AB, is a vital organ. Furthermore, the body needs cholesterol as a lipid, and the amount of cholesterol is a sign of health. A cholesterol level of 200–239 mg/dl is considered healthy. If it is very high, though, cholesterol can accumulate in the blood vessels and obstruct blood flow. This research built an Arduino Uno-based system to counterbalance the technical improvements in the use of LDR and Photodiode sensors that monitor blood type and cholesterol automatically without injections and send notifications to Telegram. This study sheds light on a significant advancement in medical sensor technology. The created device can check blood type and cholesterol levels with high accuracy and greater user convenience than prior technologies that required invasive procedures. The selection of LDR and photodiode sensors was based on their capacity to identify differences in blood samples and their sensitivity to light fluctuations. Medical teams can more effectively monitor patient symptoms thanks to the system's real-time notifications to the Telegram app. Programming and sensor integration are made flexible and simple by using an Arduino Uno in this setup. The primary conclusions of this study demonstrate that this technology can offer a useful non-invasive method for assessing one's health, increasing diagnostic precision and efficiency. The primary output of this research is the creation of a prototype for medical applications that integrates digital communication and sensor technologies, potentially lowering patient risks and expenses. Additionally, this finding opens the door for the advancement of non-invasive diagnostic tools that are more convenient and safer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer Science & Technology (JOCSTEC) is the property of PT. Padang Tekno Corp and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The future is being built upon the foundation of renewable energy, particularly solar energy. Today, India is the thirdlargest solar deployment country in the world. Solar energy is an extremely efficient form of energy, making it a popular choice among people. However, the fixed structure of solar panels often limits their productivity. This paper proposes capturing more solar energy using a single-axis solar tracking system designed with an Arduino UNO and LDRs (along with two IR sensors). The proposed system aims to increase the performance of solar panels by continuously tracking the sun. It can receive the maximum amount of solar energy when it is perpendicular to the solar panel. The main controller in this paper is the Arduino UNO, a board based on the Atmega328P microcontroller. Two LDRs are used to detect the position of the sun in the sky, while a mirror rotates the orientation of the solar photovoltaic panels with the help of the L293D motor driver. An Arduino board connects to the sensor and gear drive. The photovoltaic panel and the motor are mechanically connected. The Arduino IDE is used to write the driver program. After the system was assembled, its operation was tested. The tracker intelligently adjusts the angle of the panels based on the direction in which the sun is facing the solar panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The working principle of a self-balancing robot is similar to that of an inverted pendulum, with the mobile robot's controller playing a crucial part in both self-balancing and stabilization. It is the kind that constantly modifies itself to keep balance when it rides on two wheels. This review will center on the basic construction of the suggested robot, summarize the recent studies relative to control methods and the building of the two-wheeled self-balancing robot, and discuss the outcomes of control experiments conducted on hardware systems. It will assist researchers in building and designing two-wheeled mobile robots in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social & Technology / Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi (SOSTECH) is the property of Green Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este artículo, se presenta un circuito electrónico de control que opera con una única fuente de alimentación, para un potenciostato de bajo costo controlado desde una computadora, a través de una placa Arduino UNO. Se deducen las ecuaciones que modelan el funcionamiento del circuito y que permiten establecer tanto el voltaje de celda como la velocidad de barrido, según los requerimientos de una prueba electroquímica. Además, se deducen ecuaciones que permiten calcular la corriente de celda, al igual que el rango de corrientes que pueden ser medidas con una adecuada exactitud. Luego, se realizan pruebas con el fin de evaluar la capacidad del sistema para establecer un voltaje de celda y una velocidad de barrido deseados, así como la exactitud del sistema al medir la corriente de celda. Los resultados muestran una dependencia entre el rango de voltajes de celda que se pueden generar y la resistencia entre los electrodos. Asimismo, la exactitud de la velocidad de barrido depende del retardo aplicado y de la cantidad de datos que se registren. Finalmente, el error en la medición de la corriente de celda depende de la magnitud de la misma y de la resistencia de retroalimentación que se utilice en el seguidor de corriente.

Abstract Industrialization and urbanization contribute significantly to environmental pollution, particularly in water bodies. The consequences of this pollution are dire, impacting both the environment and public health. A serious hazard to life on Earth, contaminated water can cause food poisoning, diarrhea, respiratory diseases, and skin ailments, among other health problems. In countries like Bangladesh, where industrial activities, particularly in the garment sector, are prevalent, waste dumping into rivers and canals has reached alarming levels. This has resulted in a drastic decline in water quality, endangering aquatic life and ecosystems. To solve this important issue, we built an innovative real-time water quality monitoring system using the Internet of Things (IoT). Our system operates at three levels, collecting data from different layers of wastewater. Key parameters, including temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH, are continuously monitored to assess water quality. The analysis revealed that wastewater temperature varied between 25 and 37 °C across different sites, with higher temperatures observed in industrial zones, indicating potential thermal pollution. Total dissolved solids (TDS) levels exhibited substantial variations, ranging from 170 to 360 ppm, surpassing standard thresholds and posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Turbidity readings ranged from 1.30 to 12.89 NTU, with higher turbidity observed in areas receiving industrial discharge, highlighting the impact of suspended solids on water clarity. pH values exceeded 7.0 across all sites, ranging from 9.5 to 10.32, indicating alkaline wastewater, particularly in regions with dyeing and textile industries. By integrating these specific metrics into our monitoring system, we provide valuable insights into industrial wastewater quality and its environmental implications. These findings underscore the urgent need for real-time monitoring and targeted interventions to address water pollution. Implementing sustainable water management strategies in industrial contexts is critical to protecting public health and preserving ecosystems for future generations.

The research aims to determine the quality of cooking oil based on the viscosity coefficient using an Arduino UNO-based viscosity coefficient determining tool. By integrating the Arduino UNO into the viscosity measurement process, this research shows innovation in adapting widely available technology for scientific purposes. The series of tools for determining the value of the viscosity coefficient work if an iron ball enters the fluid and will be detected by magnetic sensors 1 and 2 if it passes through the sensor, which is placed at a predetermined distance. Research was conducted to test the quality of cooking oil by determining the viscosity coefficient. The method research is analyzing recorded videos of the motion of objects falling in oil with Tracker Software. By tracking the video recording of the motion of an object falling in a liquid, data, and graphs of the speed of the falling motion can be obtained. Then from the data obtained, the viscosity value is obtained using the equation. The results of the 5 cooking oils, using the tool, were that oil 1 had a viscosity coefficient of 0.2732 Pa.s; oil 2 with 0.3077 Pa.s; oil 3 with 0.3127 Pa.s; oil 4 with 0.3186; and oil 5 with 0.3218 Pa.s. Meanwhile, the results of the oil viscosity coefficient using manual calculations showed that oil 1 had 0.2733 Pa.s; oil 2 with 0.3089 Pa.s; oil 3 with 0.3136 Pa.s; oil 4 with 0.3188; and oil 5 with 0.3219 Pa.s. The percentage of error that occurs from the tool is 0.17%. The oil with a smaller viscosity coefficient is coconut oil (better quality than palm oil), while the quality of bulk oil is indicated by a larger viscosity coefficient. It could be asserted that the oil's quality improves as the viscosity coefficient decreases.

In today's contemporary, fast-paced and dangerous world, knowing safety precautions is a fundamental necessity when operating a motor vehicle. Furthermore, there is proof of a concerning rise in the quantity of traffic accidents. Many data points to driver fatigue or intoxication as the primary cause of most accidents. When developing the system, the most crucial things to consider are the locations of the cars, the actions of the drivers and the real-time monitoring of every event. In essence, a driver monitoring system uses sensors and cameras to keep an eye on the driver and notify users of any suspicious behaviour, like speeding too much, drinking, staying alert when it's not needed, etc. This is an important way to determine the driver's driving habits so that decisions can be made later. Heartbeat, temperature and eye blink sensors are used in the construction of this system, which monitors the driver's condition and sounds an alert when the monitored values rise above the preset threshold value while the DC motor is set to slowly cease. Developing this system with all available sensors and analytical capabilities is essential to accurately monitor the driving behaviour of the driver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an innovative solution for the everyday issue of tissue dispensing is presented. With billions of tissues distributed daily, the current dispensers often face challenges, as revealed in studies of frequently damaged units. The primary objective was to enhance this fundamental item, aiming to simplify users' lives. The key innovation lies in granting users control over the tissue dispenser's rolling mechanism. Introducing the Arduino UNO microcontroller-powered smart tissue dispenser. Operated by a stepper motor, the dispenser reacts to the user's needs. Activation occurs when the infrared sensor detects hands, prompting the motor to release the appropriate amount of tissue. It's like witnessing magic, yet it's simply the ingenuity of technology at play. The software for the Arduino UNO, serving as the project's controller, is compiled, and uploaded using the Arduino IDE. The performance of this automatic tissue dispenser indicates success in addressing common issues and facilitating effortless tissue retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized healthcare by enabling remote patient monitoring systems. This system utilizes wearable sensors to collect vital signs such as heart rate, blood glucose level and body temperature. If the patient's temperature increases above 100 degrees Celsius then the alarm will be generated. The collected data is transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud platform for real-time analysis and visualization. This allows Doctors to remotely monitor patients' health conditions, intervene promptly in case of emergencies, and improve overall care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooking from ancient times has evolved from using open fires to wood, gas cookers, using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). This has also come with various adverse effects ranging from gas leakages to burnt food due to absent-mindedness, thereby creating a significant disaster that could lead to loss of life and property damage. The study aimed to reduce the rate of liquefied petroleum gas related accidents in domestic usage and improve the safety of domestic gas users. An automated method to enforce safety was proposed to avoid unwanted cooking gas flow consequences, especially in homes. The paper presents a control system using an Arduino Uno with a control design interfaced with a utensil sensor, solenoid valve, and a timer circuit to allow gas flow to commence and ignite a flame automatically. The automatic ignition apparatus, which has a high-voltage electric circuit, begins to function once the utensil detector comes in contact with silverware. The system is designed to function in different modes to ensure safety and prevent gas flow. The prototype serves as a means of curbing gas wastage and increasing the safety of people who use LPG as a source of fuel for cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report investigates the implementation and benefits of an Automatic Sprinkler System driven by the Arduino Uno microcontroller in agricultural irrigation. The primary aim is to elucidate the functionality and practicality of this automated system in enhancing water efficiency and crop productivity. Through accessible language and technical explanations, the report explores the system's design, operation, and integration with sensors for optimal performance. Emphasis is placed on the system's ability to provide precise watering, customizable scheduling, and water conservation, thereby addressing critical challenges in modern agriculture. By examining the technical aspects and real-world implications, this report underscores the transformative potential of automated irrigation systems in promoting sustainable farming practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the usage of batteries has increased greatly due to technological advancements. Batteries have become key components of our everyday life. Since some types of batteries can be recharged and reused multiple times, they find applications in a variety of sectors including health instruments, logistics and construction, firefighting and emergency, daily household applications, and military to name a few. This has led to high demand and higher capacity requirements of the batteries but also extended battery life, lower risks, and smaller size. Using our project - Development of Machine Learning Model to Predict the Battery Lifespan using IoT, we aim to predict the battery life by using data collected from various sensors by means of a machine learning model. Since we are dealing with large data, we upload the collected data to the cloud from which the data can be accessed for our machine learning model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialization and urbanization contribute significantly to environmental pollution, particularly in water bodies. The consequences of this pollution are dire, impacting both the environment and public health. A serious hazard to life on Earth, contaminated water can cause food poisoning, diarrhea, respiratory diseases, and skin ailments, among other health problems. In countries like Bangladesh, where industrial activities, particularly in the garment sector, are prevalent, waste dumping into rivers and canals has reached alarming levels. This has resulted in a drastic decline in water quality, endangering aquatic life and ecosystems. To solve this important issue, we built an innovative real-time water quality monitoring system using the Internet of Things (IoT). Our system operates at three levels, collecting data from different layers of wastewater. Key parameters, including temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH, are continuously monitored to assess water quality. The analysis revealed that wastewater temperature varied between 25 and 37 °C across different sites, with higher temperatures observed in industrial zones, indicating potential thermal pollution. Total dissolved solids (TDS) levels exhibited substantial variations, ranging from 170 to 360 ppm, surpassing standard thresholds and posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Turbidity readings ranged from 1.30 to 12.89 NTU, with higher turbidity observed in areas receiving industrial discharge, highlighting the impact of suspended solids on water clarity. pH values exceeded 7.0 across all sites, ranging from 9.5 to 10.32, indicating alkaline wastewater, particularly in regions with dyeing and textile industries. By integrating these specific metrics into our monitoring system, we provide valuable insights into industrial wastewater quality and its environmental implications. These findings underscore the urgent need for real-time monitoring and targeted interventions to address water pollution. Implementing sustainable water management strategies in industrial contexts is critical to protecting public health and preserving ecosystems for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. Hydroponics, a subset of hydro culture, is a growing plant without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. In soil less culture especially, hydroponics, the problem of regular maintenance of nutrient solution and required technical knowledge. The automation in hydroponics further helps to boom up the hydroponic cultivation. Automated nutrient regulation in hydroponics environment with automatic nutrient feed technology was developed and tested in the present study. The experiment was carried out an automated controlling and regulation of pH, TDS, temperature in polyhouse hydroponic system using Arduino-Uno controller, solenoid valves containing nutrients, water, pH-up, and pH-down and sensors. In this study, the sensors are connected to Arduino-Uno controller in which liquid crystal display (LCD) of Arduino-Uno circuit controls and regulates the system based on the coding which has been programmed previously. Calibration was done for all the parameters in the automated system. TDS and pH values of nutrient solution were recorded by using TDS and pH sensor probes respectively were fed to Arduino which adjusts the values, if required, through actuators. The prototype model was able to monitor and control the pH and TDS of hydroponic water in the required range with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of chemicals through spraying is an essential component of agricultural management systems. However, the use of these chemical products results in the accumulation of residues in the soil, leading to a decline in soil fertility and plant diversity. Additionally, farmers who manually spray pesticides onto their crop fields are at risk of developing health issues such as tumors, hypersensitivity, allergies, and skin diseases. As the global population continues to grow and climate change impacts farmland ecosystems, the occurrence of pest epidemics in crops is becoming more frequent. Consequently, there is a greater demand for enhanced tools and methods to improve crop production. Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) have the potential to revolutionize agricultural spraying by offering efficient and effective applications of crop protection agrochemicals. This article provides an overview and consolidation of the present research and advancements in UGV application technologies and different sensors that are specifically designed for spray applications of agrichemicals. It examines the features of both hardware and software architecture for implementing control strategies, obstacle detection, and avoidance systems with real-time integrated systems, and the ability to perform variable-rate agrochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current scenario, renewable energy resources play a vital role in developing countries. Photovoltaic panel-based power plants have great significance for the production of electrical energy, due to automated transitions, easy interaction, and low maintenance costs. The energy-production efficiency depends on various factors and environmental effects. The formulation of a thin layer of dust particles on solar panels diminishes their energy-production capacity due to the limiting of heat transfer to the semiconducting materials. The current paper deals with the design and fabrication of an automated water-jet-assisted robot used to clean the dust particle layer and bird droppings on PV panels. In the water-jet-assisted cleaning robot, there is a two-brush mechanism that works in concert with the rover's movement. A Bluetooth communication system plays a vital role by controlling the rover; this approach offers a perspective on a rover constructed with an Arduino-UNO micro-controller, along with an HC-05 Bluetooth sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our method is to keep a close eye on the patient's health and inform the person responsible for their care on a regular basis. Since it is not possible for an individual to always watch over a single patient in a hospital setting, the primary objective is to monitor the patient around-the-clock. There is going to be aWe employed an apparatus that continuously observed the patient and sent frequent updates to the attending physician, regardless of the physician's location. This device also has an extra feature that allows it to sound an alarm to notify hospital staff members of a patient emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aims of the current work are to design, fabricate, and test a low-cost, easy-to-operate portable pulse oximeter device capable of providing immediate blood oxygen saturation and heart rate readings with high accuracy for various disease conditions and all age groups. It can be used in intensive care departments, operating rooms, and health centers as well as at homes. The obtained results were compared using a calibrated device produced by a reputable company. The clinical examination results were evaluated by using the Export System 13.0 statistical software program. The readings are close to each other, with an error rate of less than 1%. The obtained results show that, in the case of a respiratory disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary or other lung diseases, the percentage of oxygen saturation decreased to between 73 to 88 %. For patients with heart disease, it was found that the oxygen saturation level changes significantly according to the type of disease. These obtained values decreased by 11.11 %, and 7.08% compared to healthy people, respectively. For the smokers, the blood oxygen saturation rate decreased by 10.47% and 8.06% compared to healthy people, respectively. For those infected with the COVID-19 epidemic, the rate of blood oxygen saturation and heart rates decreased sharply by 31.51 % and 27.03 %, and by 14.67% and 16.67 % compared to healthy people for males and females, respectively. For asthma patients, the rate of blood oxygen saturation and heart rate decreased by 2.50 %, and 4.65 %, and increased by 4.65 % and 4.76 % compared to healthy people for male and female, respectively. For physical activities, such as athletes, the rate of blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were increased by 1.05 %, 3.19 %, 23.26 %, and 28.57 % compared to healthy people for males and females, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is mainly focusing on building an automated home for a small family in low cost budget. The Internet of things has gained much popularity due to easy connection establishment between electrical appliances, which makes our lives easy and helps in many ways such as reducing power consumption by automating devices, providing security. This product is mainly designed for bachelors who live by themselves. This study suggests a low-cost smart home automation solution that uses Bluetooth to control using an Android-based application, devices may be controlled remotely via an Arduino Uno microcontroller, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and many sensors, including an LDR, an LM-35 temperature sensor, and a smoke sensor. And a keypad- based security has been provided to open the door. The proposed system can help us to efficiently control home appliances using Bluetooth and android application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a centralized monitoring system orchestrates the deployment and coordination of multiple robots within a supervised environment. The primary goal is to detect and monitor specific entities using robots. The traversal of these robots is executed by a nondifferential objective function, wherein their next positions are decided by minimizing this function. Communication amongst the robots is achieved through a radio frequency wireless communication protocol. The system utilises Python's Open CV for sophisticated imageprocessing capabilities. The robots must be able to pick up the payloads and place them at the target. The optimal distance and time taken for the process is calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Entry System represents a significant advancement in bolstering security and refining access control measures within educational institutes. By ingeniously integrating cuttingedge technologies like face recognition, RFID authentication, Arduino Uno, and harnessing the computational power of Raspberry Pi, the system ensures a comprehensive approach to security while prioritizing user convenience. As students and staff approach entry points, the system initiates identity checks through RFID technology, followed by an additional layer of authentication via facial recognition. This dual authentication mechanism establishes a robust, multi-layered security framework. The seamless integration of these sophisticated technologies not only fortifies security but also optimizes access procedures, fostering a technologically advanced and secure environment within educational institutions. This approach to security shows our commitment to create a safe and user-friendly educational ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of smart living, this research introduces a paradigm shift in home environment automation through the integration of voice-controlled systems. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as Arduino Uno, HC-05 Bluetooth modules, and relay boards, the study aims to redefine the user experience in smart homes. The research explores the intricate synergy between hardware and software, presenting an innovative approach to voice-activated automation. By addressing the complexities and potentials inherent in this domain, the study contributes to the ongoing discourse on intelligent living spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project involves a vehicle equipped with a metal detector and diffusing system, controllable via Bluetooth technology from an Android device. This vehicle can move in all directions using Bluetooth commands from the Android app. Upon detecting a metal mine, the vehicle automatically stops and sends a signal to the Android device. It can then move backward and activate the diffusing system, which includes a cutter and water sprinkler. A wireless video camera module, the ESP32cam, is mounted on the vehicle to provide live video of the surroundings. The operator can analyze this video feed remotely to assess situations and control the vehicle accordingly. A small robot prototype demonstrates the concept practically, controlled via Bluetooth technology. The robot features DC motors for movement and a metal detector at the front. The metal detector sends signals to an Arduino microcontroller, which relays information to the Android device. This project combines Bluetooth and embedded systems technologies for various applications, including warfare and rescue operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lighting up the streets consumes a significant amount of the electrical power produced in many nations. However, during some times of the day, the vehicles present on the road are quite low, and over time certain areas of the streets remain empty of vehicles. This work proposes a framework that automatically turns OFF and ON the lights when there are no vehicles and vehicles are available respectively in the streets. This approach may save a significant amount of electricity. Furthermore, it might enhance the lamp's lifespan. In general street lighting systems, unnecessary the lights are ON most of the night in the areas with a low rate of vehicles and meaninglessly wastes a large amount of power. The objective of this work is to develop a new framework for fulfills the demand of flexible lighting systems by designing a Smart Street Lighting Controller (SSLC). In the proposed system, the street lights will be automatically ON before the sun sets at the evening, and when sufficient illumination on the roads the street lights are OFF at morning time. In addition, these lights can only glow with a maximum intensity when the rate of vehicles in the region is high otherwise it should glow at a minimum intensity. In this work to control the street light system, Arduino Uno is used as the brain, whereas Infrared (IR) sensors are utilized to detect the vehicle movement and the day/night time light intensity is detected using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Day by day the technology is developing around us and technology has advanced. Smart door locking system becomes a great knowledge and fashion to us according to currently developing technology. There are so many methods for automatic door lock systems. Fingerprint based door locking system is more secure and safety method of door locking and unlocking system, because of underway covid19 situation, it is awfully dangerous to touch he Fingerprint sensors, which is regularly used by different people, because by touching the same sensor by different people leads to increase of transmission of virus. Hence in this project we use RFID technology, RFID technology in the sense it consists of RFID tag and RFID reader. They work based on radio frequency. RFID reader is used to collect data from RFID tag and it is used to recognize objects. These cards have particular unique code, and changes for each and every RFID card. When RFID cards brings closer to the RFID reader, RFID reader identifies the radio frequency of the RFID card and validates and give access. Buzzer is used to produce a sound while locking and unlocking of the door. LCD display is used to display the information regarding door opening and door closing. This type of system is planned for smart door locking and unlocking purpose. This system is very valuable because of simple interface, very ease of convenience of user, mainly it is very low cost of construction, it is simple confluence. This system can be used in every doors for smart locking and unlocking, can be used in home, main doors and use any other locations as extra security purpose for contactless door locking and unlocking to decrease the contagious of covid19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the safety of infants around swimming pools or hazardous areas can be tasking for caregivers and their parents. Providing safety devices that can keep track of infants and prevent them from going to unauthorized locations is very necessary. The study aims to design and implement an infant safety system that uses a Piezoelectric sensor. The paper constructed a system to alert parents of an infant's attempted entry into a dangerous area, such as balconies and swimming pools, and it also incorporated an automatic door-locking system around the location. The Piezoelectric Sensor Infant Monitoring System was designed to enhance infant safety at home. The system utilized piezoelectric transducers and pressure sensors, incorporating an automatic door to secure unauthorized zones. Components like Arduino Nano, an LCD, and a buzzer were used to create the prototype. The device was designed to harvest energy by converting mechanical energy from ambient vibrations into electrical energy that will send signals to the GSM module, alerting the homeowner by sending a call. The model adopts the technology of pressure control, and when the pressure reaches a set value and the dial of the scale reaches a specific value simultaneously, the automatic door will open. The device is designed to harvest energy by converting mechanical energy from ambient vibrations into electrical energy that will power the motor of the automatic door of the safety system. The test proved the system's effectiveness in accurately detecting and blocking an infant, but it only grants access to authorized individuals while alerting caregivers. The results demonstrated improved child safety, responsible parenting, and a secure environment. The Piezoelectric sensor safety system offers a practical solution for enhancing infant monitoring for safety and preventing avoidable mishaps, thereby reducing infant mortality and morbidity in present times. The system can serve as a protection device for very busy mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IoT-enabled smart shoes for the blind is equipped with ultrasonic sensors paired with an Arduino UNO board. The Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates communication among physical objects and between objects and humans. This enabling technology is experiencing rapid development and growth in the market. In India, there are nearly 40 million blind individuals, including 1.6 million children. Blind people encounter significant challenges in traveling independently and rely on others for various aspects of daily life. A major difficulty arises when navigating roads, as their canes may not detect every obstacle. The smart shoe design offers a long-term solution, enabling blind individuals to travel independently on roads. This shoe incorporates IoT technology, embedding various sensors, a microcontroller, and buzzers. The shoe alerts the user with buzzer sounds upon detecting obstacles ahead. To enhance efficiency, smart glasses using IoT technology have been developed, equipped with sensors to detect objects over a wider area. The smart shoes and smart glasses communicate and coordinate to ensure the user avoids collisions with obstacles in their path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]