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High-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) was used as a tool for the isolation and fractionation of phenolic compounds (PCs) in extracts from wine lees (WL) and grape pomace (GP). The biphasic solvent systems applied for HPCCC separation were n-butanol:methyl tert-butyl ether:acetonitrile:water (3:1:1:5) with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and n-hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (1:5:1:5). After refining the ethanol:water extracts of GP and WL by-products by ethyl acetate extraction, the latter system yielded an enriched fraction of the minor family of flavonols. Recoveries of 112.9 and 105.9 mg of purified flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol) in GP and WL, respectively, from 500 mg of ethyl acetate extract (equivalent to 10 g of by-product) were obtained. The HPCCC fractionation and concentration capabilities were also exploited for the characterization and tentative identification of constitutive PCs by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). In addition to the isolation of the enriched flavonol fraction, a total of 57 PCs in both matrixes were identified, 12 of which were reported for the first time in WL and/or GP. The application of HPCCC to GP and WL extracts may be a powerful approach to isolate large amounts of minor PCs. The composition of the isolated fraction demonstrated quantitative differences in the individual compound composition of GP and WL, supporting the potential exploitation of these matrixes as sources of specific flavonols for technological applications.

This study aimed to determine the stability of PCs in grape canes extracts stored at different temperatures and light conditions. The PCs composition was monitored every-two weeks during three months by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and fluorescence detectors (LC-DAD-FLD). Initially, stilbenes represented 87 % of total PCs. Storage at -20 and 5 °C reduced PCs 8 and 6 %, respectively. When extracts were exposed to 25 and 40 °C, the degradation of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin was faster than under lower temperatures, and light accelerated the degradation kinetics. trans-piceatannol showed particularly sensitive to temperature increase, being mostly degraded after two weeks stored at 40 °C. Conversely, degradation of trans-resveratrol and ε-viniferin was mostly catalyzed by light, since nearly 70 % of them were degraded at 40 °C under light, in comparison with a 23 % reduction of trans-resveratrol and no changes of ε-viniferin at 40 °C in darkness.

Grapevine berry quality for winemaking depends on complex and dynamic relationships between the plant and the environment. Winemakers around the world are demanding a better understanding of the factors that influence berry growth and development. In the last decades, an increment in air temperature, CO2concentration and dryness occurred in wine-producing regions, affecting the physiology and the biochemistry of grapevines, and by consequence the berry quality. The scientific community mostly agrees in a further raise as a result of climate change during the rest of the century. As a consequence, areas most suitable for viticulture are likely to shift into higher altitudes where mean temperatures are suitable for grape cultivation. High altitude can be defined as the minimum altitude at which the grapevine growth and development are differentially affected. At these high altitudes, the environments are characterized by high thermal amplitudes and great solar radiations, especially ultraviolet-B (UV-B). This review summarizes the environmental contribution of global high altitude-related climatic variables to the grapevine physiology and wine composition, for a better evaluation of the possible establishment of vineyards at high altitude in climate change scenarios.

Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis [Mol.] Stuntz) is a native berry of the Patagonia Andean forests, which has one of the highest antioxidant levels currently known. This biochemical characteristic strongly depends on the phenolic profile and is highly influenced by the growing environment. The objective of this study was to characterize natural maqui populations in the immediate lee (Argentina) of the Northern Patagonian Andes, distributed in a latitudinal gradient and associated with coihue (Nothofagus dombeyi) and cypress (Austrocedrus chilensis) forests, humid and xeric environments, respectively. Twenty-five natural populations that spanned the geographical distribution of the species in Argentina, were identified. The sites were associated with two forests (coihue and cypress) and three latitudinal groups (north, center and south). Canopy cover and light interception were measured in the selected sites, as well as plant morphology, fruit yield components, phenolic profiles and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of mature berries. Maqui populations associated to cypress are exposed to greater incident total solar radiation and lesser rainfalls, and showed shorter plants with several main stems, multiple branching and smaller specific leaf area (SLA) as compared to those of coihue forest. Maqui populations associated to coihue presented an increase in the number of berries per bunch, and also in the accumulation of phenols and ORAC. The evaluation of the acclimation responses of the natural populations by different environments can contribute to the development of high-yield and quality maqui crops as source of bioactive compounds. Fil: Roldan, Cecilia Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Caballe, Gonzalo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Viale, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Berli, Federico Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina

Polyphenols have attracted huge interest among researchers of various disciplines because of their numerous biological activities, such as antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, cancer chemopreventive, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties, and their promising applications in many fields, mainly in the medical, cosmetics, dietary supplement and food industries. In this review, the latest scientific findings in the research on polyphenols interaction with the microbiome and mitochondria, their metabolism and health beneficial effects, their involvement in cognitive diseases and obesity development, as well as some innovations in their analysis, extraction methods, development of cosmetic formulations and functional food are summarized based on the papers presented at the 13th World Congress on Polyphenol Applications. Future implications of polyphenols in disease prevention and their strategic use as prophylactic measures are specifically addressed. Polyphenols may play a key role in our tomorrow´s food and nutrition to prevent many diseases.

The chemical and sensory characteristics of the wines are related to the geographical origin of the grape, as a result of the interplay between the plant material (G), its acclimatization to the environment (E) and the human factor that influences both the vineyard and the winery. The range of phenotypes that a single genotype can express depending on its environment is known as phenotypic plasticity and is the result of G × E interaction. The present study evaluated the independent and interactive effects of Cabernet Sauvignon plant materials (G: Clone 7 and Mount Eden) implanted in different geographical indications of Mendoza, Argentina (E: Agrelo, Pampa El Cepillo, Altamira and Gualtallary) according to fruit yield and phenolic profiles of wines. The experiment was carried out during 2018 and 2019 vintages using a multifactorial design. When berries reached 24 °Brix, the clusters were harvested, analyzed and wines elaborated by a standardized procedure. Then, the anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin phenolic profiles of wines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and fluorescence detection (HPLC-DAD–FLD). The results revealed significant G × E interactions for yield traits, including the number of clusters per plant. Differential chemical composition and quality parameters of the resulting wines, markedly affected by E, were observed; that is the geographical location of the vineyards. There were similarities in the phenolic composition between Pampa El Cepillo and Altamira, while larger differences between Agrelo and Gualtallary were observed. Gualtallary presented the highest levels of anthocyanins, quercetin and trans-resveratrol. The increased amount of these compounds in Gualtallary was associated with an increased UV-B exposure of plants at this high altitude environment. This is the first report that characterizes the effects of plant material and environment for Cabernet Sauvignon. These results are of oenological and viticulture interest for the wine industry demonstrating that the selection of the plant material and the vineyard location for Cabernet Sauvignon can considerably affect the quality attributes of wines. Fil: Muñoz, Flavio Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Urvieta, Roy Alexander. Catena Institute Of Wine.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Buscema, Fernando. Catena Institute Of Wine.; Argentina Fil: Rasse, Manuel. School of Agriculture Ingenieers; Francia Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Berli, Federico Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina

Enzymes play an essential role in the winemaking process. Besides an improvement in the color of the wine it also enhances the quality, which makes it well worth to develop new strategies of application. The present study examined two approaches to apply microbial enzymes during different winemaking techniques using Malbec grapes from the San Rafael wine region, Mendoza, Argentina. i) Torulaspora delbrueckii was used in sequential inoculation with an autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. The former strain was first inoculated to produce in situ an enzyme complex during winemaking for four days, and subsequently the latter strain was added. The process was carried out under traditional winemaking conditions at 22 °C (Td-Sc). ii) A second approach was through inoculation of a multi-enzyme extract produced by Aureobasidium pullulans m11-2 during pre-fermentative cold maceration (PCM) for four days at 8 °C (PCM-E), and S. cerevisiae was inoculated at the end of the PCM. Controls were carried out without enzymatic treatments (Sc and PMC, respectively). T. delbrueckii started the fermentation and remained viable throughout the process. The fermentation kinetics were not affected in the mixed culture compared with a pure culture of S. cerevisiae. Monitoring of the pectinolytic activity of Td-Sc showed maximum activity (14.2 U mg

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the plant responses to environmental signals, in particular by triggering secondary metabolism. High-altitude vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina, are exposed to elevated solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) levels and moderate water deficits (WD), thus produc-ing grapevine berries with high enological quality for red winemaking. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) accumulate in the berry skins, possess antioxidant activity, and are important attributes for red wine. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of ABA in the modulation of these compounds in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec wines by comparing the independent and interactive effects of UV-B, WD, and ABA. Two UV-B treatments (ambient solar UV-B or reduced UV-B), two watering treatments (well-watered or moderate water deficit) and two ABA treatments (no ABA and sprayed ABA) were given in a factorial design during one growing season. Sprayed ABA, alone and/or in combination with UV-B (specially) and WD (to a lower degree) increased low molecular weight polyphenols (LMWP), anthocyanins, but most noticeably the stilbenes trans-resveratrol and piceid. Under these treatments, VOCs were scarcely affected, and the antioxidant capacity was influenced by the combination of UV-B and WD. From a technological point of view, ABA applications may be an effective vineyard management tool, considering that it elicited a higher content of compounds beneficial for wine aging, as well compounds related to color. Fil: Alonso, Rodrigo Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Berli, Federico Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Piccoli, Patricia Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Bottini, Ambrosio Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza"; Argentina

This study evaluated the phenolic profiles of Malbec wines made from grapes of 23 parcels distributed in 12 geographical indications (GIs) from Mendoza, Argentina. Wines were elaborated under standardized winemaking conditions over three consecutive vintages (2016–2018). Data discriminated wines from different GIs and parcels, based on an integrative data analysis by chemometric tools. Vintage effect and specific phenolic compounds were associated with some GIs or parcels. As well, regional climate conditions allowed partial discrimination of the GIs (and also some parcels). A random forest analysis correctly identified 11 out of 23 individual parcels across the different vintages. The most notorious compounds associated with such classification were p-coumaric acid, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, quercetin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside. The presented research allows to individualize, through phenolic profiles, parcels with unique characteristics over years. This is the first report characterizing Malbec wines coming from several GIs (and individual parcels) in different vintages. These results are strongly related to terroir features of wines, contributing to a better communication to consumers and to position Argentinean wines. Fil: Urvieta, Roy Alexander. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Jones, Gregory. Linfield University; Estados Unidos Fil: Buscema, Fernando. No especifíca; Fil: Bottini, Ambrosio Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biomatemática y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Orgánica y Biológica; Argentina

A rapid and cost-effective chromatographic approach based on a core-shell column with high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) is proposed for the quantification of carotenoids in tomato fruits and its derived products. Separation of analytes with different polarities, like lutein, β-carotene and lycopene was achieved in less than 16.5 min (total run time of 20 min) by using an Accucore C30 column (3.0 mm × 150 mm, 2.6 µm) with a gradient of methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ultrapure water, a temperature of 10 °C and a flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1. The maximum backpressure reached was 270 bar, making the developed method suitable for standard HPLC instruments commonly found in routine laboratories. After a thorough evaluation of the solvent for re-suspending the extracts, the mixture methanol:MTBE (1:1) was the most adequate to allow accurate quantification and avoid underestimation of analytes. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.03 to 0.46 mg kg−1 dry weight of the sample, with overall recoveries (accuracy) between 86% and 116% for target compounds. The developed method was applied for the determination of carotenoids in 7 fresh and processed tomato samples confirming its suitability for quantification of analytes in different matrixes. Fil: Salomon, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biomatemática y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Orgánica y Biológica; Argentina Fil: Piccoli, Patricia Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biomatemática y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Orgánica y Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biomatemática y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Orgánica y Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health issue with a high incidence in adult population. Using herbal medicines for the management of serious complications of MetS, such as dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, is highly promising. An aqueous extract from Mulinum spinosum (M. spinosum), traditionally used as hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory, could have beneficial effects on the treatment of MetS. Purpose: The present study was aimed to characterize the composition of M. spinosum roots decoction, and to evaluate antidiabetic, antilipemic and antioxidant effects in an animal model of MetS. Study design and methods: M. spinosum roots extract was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was spectrophotometrically measured and the antioxidant capacity was determined by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. To generate the MetS model, adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a 20% w/v fructose (Fru) in drinking water combined with 30% w/w high fat diet (HFD) over a period of 12 weeks. M. spinosum aqueous extracts (3 or 6 g/kg/day) were administered in drinking water together with Fru-HFD. At the end of the exposure period, mice were weighed and glucose tolerance test was determined. After sacrifice, adipose tissues were isolated and blood samples were collected to evaluate lipid profile, lipid peroxidation level (LPO) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results: The characterization of M. spinosum revealed the presence of caffeic acid, trans-resveratrol, kaempferol-3-glucoside, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-gallocatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin and (+)-catechin. A high antioxidant capacity of the extract was revealed by ORAC test. Mice fed a Fru-HF diet and treated with M. spinosum, reduced diet-induced weight gain and significantly decreased mesenteric fat compared with Fru-HFD group (p

La corrosión es un proceso de deterioro o destrucción de metales que, aunque inevitable, es factible de ser controlado. Debido a la toxicidad de las sustancias tradicionalmente utilizadas como inhibidoras del proceso corrosivo, hay un creciente interés en explorar inhibidores eficientes, económicos y amigables con el medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la eficiencia anticorrosiva del extracto de orujo de uva Malbec (Vitis vinífera) frente a la corrosión de acero SAE 1010 en medio cloruro de sodio. El extracto fue obtenido mediante 2 métodos de extracción y se seleccionó aquel de mayor contenido de fenoles totales con método de Folin-Ciccolteau y el de mayor capacidad antioxidante mediante (2,2-azino-bis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfonato de amonio) ABTS. Para evaluar la eficiencia anticorrosiva se realizaron la evaluación del potencial de corrosión y ensayos de polarización del sustrato en suspensión de extracto orujo de uva en NaCl. Como blancos se utilizaron soluciones de cloruro de sodio 0,5M, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la presencia de orujo puede inhibir la corrosión del acero SAE 1010 inmerso en ClNa al disminuir la velocidad de corrosión.

Fil: Boeri, Patricia Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Boeri, Patricia Alejandra. CIT-Río Negro, Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Dalzotto, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Piñuel, María Lucrecia. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Sharry, Sandra. National University of La Plata, Wood Research Laboratory (LIMAD), Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, La Plata, Argentina Fil: Piñuel, María Lucrecia. CIT-Río Negro, Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Monasterio, Romina. UNCuyo-CONICET, Institute of Agricultural Biology of Mendoza (IBAM), Mendoza, Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel. UNCuyo-CONICET, Institute of Agricultural Biology of Mendoza (IBAM), Mendoza, Argentina Fil: Sharry, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Barrio, Daniel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro , Río Negro, Argentina Fil: Carrillo, Wilman. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Technical University of Babahoyo, Babahoyo, Ecuador An important portion of vitamins, minerals and polyphenols components in human diet are captured from fruit consumption. Argentinean Patagonia Berberis microphylla was characterized with the phenolic content, the proximate composition and the identification and quantification of anthocyanins, not-anthocyanins and proteins. The antioxidant capacity of berberis ethanolic extracts (EB) was determined by the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. EB was used to reduce production of reactive substances species (ROS) in zebrafish. EB presented a total polyphenols content of 1,035.03 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight (FW). EB presented an ABTS value of 116.25 ± 17 μmol TE/g FW. EB presented a DPPH value of 137.80 ± 1.90 μmol TE/g FW. EB was able of reducing the ROS in zebrafish. Berberies Protein Isolate (BPI) presented proteins with bands from 15 to 62 kDa. BPI presented an ABTS value of 593.11 ± 8.60 μmol TE/g. The BPI duodenal digest presented a value of 641.07 ± 12.60 μmol TE/g digests. Practical applications The practical applications of the present study are to increase scientific knowledge for consumers about the quality and benefits of the consumption of the native fruit (Berberis microphylla) from the Patagonia region of Argentine. This work describes the protein profile of berberies, their digestibility and their antioxidant activity. This study allows to better understand the phytonutrients that make up this fruit. Future studies may identify the peptides present in hydrolyzates. The bio-compounds of this fruit could be used as functional ingredients by the food industry for different purposes. Una parte importante de los componentes de vitaminas, minerales y polifenoles de la dieta humana se obtienen del consumo de frutas. La Berberis microphylla de la Patagonia argentina fue caracterizada con el contenido fenólico, la composición proximal y la identificación y cuantificación de antocianinas, no antocianinas y proteínas. La capacidad antioxidante de los extractos etanólicos de berberis (EB) se determinó mediante los ensayos de ácido 2,2′-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico) (ABTS) y 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH). El EB se utilizó para reducir la producción de especies reactivas (ROS) en el pez cebra. El EB presentó un contenido total de polifenoles de 1.035,03 mg GAE/100 g de peso fresco (FW). El EB presentó un valor de ABTS de 116,25 ± 17 μmol TE/g FW. El EB presentó un valor de DPPH de 137,80 ± 1,90 μmol TE/g FW. El EB fue capaz de reducir las ERO en el pez cebra. El Aislado de Proteínas de Berbería (BPI) presentó proteínas con bandas de 15 a 62 kDa. El BPI presentó un valor ABTS de 593,11 ± 8,60 μmol TE/g. El digerido duodenal de BPI presentó un valor de 641,07 ± 12,60 μmol TE/g digerido. Aplicaciones prácticas Las aplicaciones prácticas del presente estudio son aumentar el conocimiento científico para los consumidores sobre la calidad y los beneficios del consumo del fruto nativo (Berberis microphylla) de la región patagónica de Argentina. Este trabajo describe el perfil proteico de las berberías, su digestibilidad y su actividad antioxidante. Este estudio permite conocer mejor los fitonutrientes que componen este fruto. Futuros estudios podrán identificar los péptidos presentes en los hidrolizados. Los biocompuestos de esta fruta podrían ser utilizados como ingredientes funcionales por la industria alimentaria para diferentes fines.

Irisin is a myokine regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) in the exercising skeletal muscle and released into the bloodstream after cleavage of FNDC5. Circulating irisin can up-regulate UCP-1 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) promoting the formation of brown-like adipocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate if supplementation with a grape pomace extract (GPE) could activate the FNDC5/irisin pathway via PGC-1α in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). For this purpose we characterized the activation of: i. the FNDC5/irisin pathway and AMPK in skeletal muscle and ii. proteins involved in the formation of brown-like cells in epididymal WAT (eWAT). Consumption of the GPE activated the FNDC5/irisin pathway, increased AMPK phosphorylation in skeletal muscle and enhanced irisin plasma levels. In eWAT, the GPE increased the level of proteins involved in WAT browning, i.e. PGC-1α, PPARγ, PRDM16 and UCP-1. The GPE also prevented HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy and systemic insulin resistance. Consistently, in L6 myotubes, (?)-epicatechin (EC), a flavonoid abundant in the GPE, prevented palmitate-mediated downregulation of FNDC5/irisin protein expression and secretion, in part via PGC-1α activation. Consumption of the GPE, a winemaking residue rich in bioactive compounds, could be a beneficial strategy to counteract the adverse effects of Western style diets through the promotion of WAT browning. Fil: Rodriguez Lanzi, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina Fil: Perdicaro, Diahann Jeanette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina Fil: Gambarte Tudela, Julián. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina Fil: Muscia Saez, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Oteiza, Patricia Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Vazquez, Marcela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina

Fil: Malovini, Emiliano. Becario Posdoctoral. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Almirante Brown 500. Chacras de Coria. Mendoza. M5528AHB. Argentina. Fil: Arancibia, Celeste. Becario Doctoral. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-Corporación Vitivinícola Argentina (COVIAR). Fil: Durán, Martín. Becario Doctoral. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Fil: Fontana, Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Grupo de Bioquímica Vegetal. Fil: De Rosas María Inés. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal. Instituto de Biología Agrícola (IBAM) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Fil: Deis, Leonor. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal. Instituto de Biología Agrícola (IBAM) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Fil: Gargantini, Raquel. Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura (INV). Mendoza. Argentina. Av. San Martín 430. Mendoza. Argentina. Fil: Bottini, Rubén. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Fil: Cavagnaro, Bruno. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal. Instituto de Biología Agrícola (IBAM) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Fil: Martínez. Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal. Instituto de Biología Agrícola (IBAM) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Berry skins from red grape cultivars contain significant amounts of polyphenols that contribute to wine quality and provide health benefits. These compounds can be elicited by plant hormones. The aim of this work was to increase the content of anthocyanins (ANT) and trans-resveratrol (T-RES) by application of abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in five red V. vinifera cvs. (Bonarda, Malbec, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Pinot Noir), in two Argentinean contrasting growing regions (Santa Rosa and Valle de Uco). Results showed positive and differential effects of ABA and MeJA on the total ANT content for the diverse cultivars with changes in the proportions of blue and red ANT. ABA increased total ANT in both viticultural region, while MeJA had a positive effect only in Santa Rosa. Also, ABA and MeJA induced an accumulation of T-RES in different cultivars, regardless of the region; T-RES accumulation elicited by ABA was not previously described. This work brings out the possibility to use these hormones as practical tools to produce high-quality red wines in two contrasting viticultural regions. Sitio de la revista: http://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs/index.php/RFCA/article/view/2731

Grapevine woody by-products contain bioactive substances, mainly phenolic compounds (PCs), whose beneficial health effects initially depends on their levels of intake and bioavailability. Therefore, in-vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GID; oral, gastric and intestinal phases) was performed to evaluate the bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity (AC) of PCs extracts recovered from grapevine bunch stem and cane from Malbec grape cultivar. The total PCs in cane and bunch stem extracts were 74 and 20% bioaccessible, respectively. Syringic acid, cinnamic acid, ε-viniferin, naringenin and myricetin were highly bioaccessible, noticeably ε-viniferin in cane extract with 137%. The high bioaccessibility observed, particularly for compounds at high concentration such as ε-viniferin, will help to better understand the bioactive potential of these by-products. In this sense, bunch stems and canes can be considered as new and sustainable sources of bioactive substances for applications as functional ingredients or nutraceuticals in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in humans, but animal models are needed for the study of this association. Grape pomace (GP), obtained from the winemaking process, contains phenolic compounds with potential cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a high-fat-fructose (HFF) diet facilitates the occurrence of arrhythmias during the reperfusion, and if a GP supplementation could counteract these effects. Wistar rats were fed with control (Ctrl), HFF diet and HFF plus GP (1 g kg-1 day-1) for six weeks. The HFF diet induces characteristic features of MetS (higher systolic blood pressure, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance) which was attenuated by GP supplementation. In addition, HFF induced increased reperfusion arrhythmias that were reduced upon GP supplementation. GP also reduced the non-phosphorylated form of connexin-43 (Cx43) while enhancing heart p-AKT and p-eNOS protein levels and reducing Nox4 levels enhanced by the HFF diet, indicating that GP may increase NO bioavailability in the heart. We found a murine model of MetS with increased arrhythmogenesis and translational value. Furthermore, GP prevents diet-induced heart dysfunction and metabolic alterations. These results highlight the potential utilization of winemaking by-products containing significant amounts of bioactive compounds to prevent/attenuate MetS-associated cardiovascular pathologies.

Every year the viticulture activity generates considerable amounts of underused lignocellulosic residues as grape cane that generally are composted or burned despite their potential value as a source of bioactive compounds. To know their phytochemical composition and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) may be a useful way of exploiting different high‐added value applications.RESULTS21 phenolic compounds (PC) and two carotenoids (Car) were quantified by high performance‐liquid chromatography‐diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) in 8 grape varieties from different locations in Mendoza, Argentina. The maximum concentrations corresponded to the stilbene ε‐viniferin (10552 μg g‐1 DW), followed by the flavanols (+)‐catechin (3718 μg g‐1 DW) and (‐)‐epicatechin (2486 μg g‐1 DW). As well, lutein and β‐carotene were quantified at levels ranged between 350 and 2400 ng g‐1 DW. The TAC of the extracts was assessed by ORAC, ABTS and DPPH assays, with a good correlation between TAC and total PC for each sample (r ≥ 0.82).CONCLUSIONSamples of cv. Malbec, the most representative variety of Argentina´s winemaking industry, presented high contents of PC, particularly ε‐viniferin, (+)‐catechin and (‐)‐epicatechin. Quercetin‐3‐galactoside, OH‐tyrosol and Car were reported for the first time in grape canes of the 8 varieties. The results add knowledge related to this inexpensive source of high value bioactive compounds which could be used as functional ingredients. Fil: Ferreyra, Susana Gisela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Antoniolli, Andrea Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza"; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina

Environment and crop management shape plant's phenotype. Argentinean high-altitude vineyards are characterized by elevated solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV–B) and water deficit (D) that enhance enological quality for red winemaking. These signals promote phenolics accumulation in leaves and berries, being the responses mediated by abscisic acid (ABA). DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression and may affect grapevine growth, development and acclimation, since methylation patterns are mitotically heritable. Berry skins low molecular weight polyphenols (LMWP) were characterized in field grown Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec plants exposed to contrasting UV-B, D, and ABA treatments during one season. The next season early fruit shoots were epigenetically (methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism; MSAP) and biochemically (LMWP) characterized. Unstable epigenetic patterns and/or stochastic stress-induced methylation changes were observed. UV-B and D were the treatments that induced greater number of DNA methylation changes respect to Control; and UV-B promoted global hypermethylation of MSAP epiloci. Sequenced MSAP fragments associated with UV-B and ABA showed similarities with transcriptional regulators and ubiquitin ligases proteins activated by light. UV-B was associated with flavonols accumulation in berries and with hydroxycinnamic acids in the next season fruit shoots, suggesting that DNA methylation could regulate the LMWP accumulation and participate in acclimation mechanisms. Fil: Marfil, Carlos Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Ibañez, Verónica Noé. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Alonso, Rodrigo. Catena Institute of Wine; Argentina Fil: Varela, Anabella Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Masuelli, Ricardo Williams. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Berli, Federico Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina

Malbec wines from 27 parcels from the three most important winemaking regions of Mendoza, Argentina, were produced under standardized winemaking conditions, and analyzed for phenolic composition and by means of sensory descriptive analysis. Different methods of characterization and cluster analysis for each data matrix showed that some locations of Mendoza could be significantly separated from each other. The results of unsupervised statistical methods were compared using a test for similarities and divergences, also showing that different locations may be associated. The current report is the first one characterizing Malbec wines from the three major producing regions of Argentina using two different ways for locations classification. The effects of climate and geographical origin of Malbec grapes on the quality parameters of resulting wines were also evidenced. These results have enological and viticulture interest for the winemaking industry as the vineyard site selection for Malbec can considerably affect quality attributes. Fil: Urvieta, Roy Alexander. Catena Institute of Wine; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Buscema, Fernando. Catena Institute of Wine; Argentina Fil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Coste, Elena Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina

A new method for determining 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine, and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine in wines is presented. A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for sample preparation and compound determination, respectively. The analytes were extracted from wine (30 mL) with 1 mL toluene, in the presence of 12 g anhydrous MgSO4 and 3 g NaCl. Cleanup of the toluene phase was performed by a miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction with a combination of anhydrous CaCl2 (25 mg), anhydrous MgSO4 (25 mg), and primary-secondary amine (10 mg), which was effective for minimizing co-extractives and matrix effects. GC-MS parameters were also tuned up to optimize limits of detection between 4.2 and 7.1 ng L−1. The overall recoveries (trueness) of the method ranged between 71 and 87 % for the white and red wine samples, respectively, spiked at 40 and 100 ng L−1, with relative standard deviations below 21 %. The method was applied for the determination of target methoxypyrazines in the samples of commercial wines from Argentina.

A reliable, simple, fast, inexpensive and robust sample preparation approach for tenuazonic acid (TA) determination in grapes by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) is proposed. The method is based on a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) approach using ethyl acetate as extraction solvent. Its involves extraction of 2.5 g sample (plus 2.5 mL 1% formic acid acidified water) with 5 mL of ethyl acetate; drying/cleaning-up of extract with 0.25 g anhydrous CaCl2 and determination by HPLC-UV. The method was optimized and validated achieving a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.05 μg g−1. The overall recoveries were 96%, 82% and 97% for grape samples spiked at 0.05, 0.5 and 5 μg g−1, respectively. The method showed excellent reproducibility with RSDs for the above data ≤8% and Horwitz ratios

The most widely consumed Brassicaceae species were characterized and compared in the present study. The isothiocyanates and phenolic profiles were measured. The in vitro antioxidant and antiradical activities were determined using 2,2′-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, ferric reducing antioxidant potential and β-carotene methods. The results showed that all Brassicaceae species evaluated had antioxidant properties, with watercress and green mustard being the most active antioxidant species. Every vegetable studied had a unique sulfur and phenolic profile. Twenty-five phytochemicals were found in Brassicaceae species and their antioxidant activity measured using pure compounds. The results showed that the strongest antioxidant compounds in decreasing order were myricetin, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, pterostilbene, ferulic acid, kaempferol, allyl isothiocyanate, and (-)-epicatechin. Besides, the phenolic compound trans-resveratrol was found in these species. The highest concentration of trans-resveratrol was observed in rocket leaves at up to 84 μ g/g dry weight. Fil: Fusari Gómez, Cecilia Mara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y Agroalimentarias; Argentina Fil: Nazareno, Mónica Azucena. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias. Instituto de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Locatelli, Daniela Ana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y Agroalimentarias. Laboratorio de Residuos Tóxicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Beretta, Hebe Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Camargo, Alejandra Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y Agroalimentarias. Laboratorio de Residuos Tóxicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

This study investigated the effects of a grape pomace extract (GPE) rich in phenolic compounds on brown-like adipocyte induction and adiposity in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and control normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD consumption for 10 weeks significantly increased epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in WKY but not in SHR rats. Supplementation with GPE (300 mg/kg body weight/day) reduced adipocyte diameter and increased levels of proteins that participate in adipogenesis and angiogenesis, i.e., peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), vascular endothelial grow factor-A (VEGF-A) and its receptor 2 (VEGF-R2), and partially increased the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in WKY. In both strains, GPE attenuated adipose inflammation. In eWAT from SHR, GPE increased the expression of proteins involved in adipose tissue “browning,” i.e., PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), PPARγ PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and UCP-1. In primary cultures of SHR adipocytes, GPE-induced UCP-1 up-regulation was dependent on p38 and ERK activation. Accordingly, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitate, the addition of GPE (30 μM) activated the β-adrenergic signaling cascade (PKA, AMPK, p38, ERK). This led to the associated up-regulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α PPARγ PRDM16 and UCP-1) and fatty acid oxidation (ATGL). These effects were similar to those exerted by (−)-epicatechin and quercetin, major phenolic compounds in GPE. Overall, in HFD-fed rats, supplementation with GPE promoted brown-like cell formation in eWAT and diminished adipose dysfunction. Thus, winemaking residues, rich in bioactive compounds, could be useful to mitigate the adverse effects of HFD-induced adipose dysfunction. Fil: Rodriguez Lanzi, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina Fil: Perdicaro, Diahann Jeanette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina Fil: Landa, Maria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Antoniolli, Andrea Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Miatello, Roberto Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina Fil: Oteiza, Patricia Isabel. University of California. Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vazquez, Marcela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina

Grape pomace extract (GPE) is a rich and relatively low-cost source of phenolic compounds. However, little is known about the main GPE metabolites in mammals, which could help explain the observed health-promoting effects. This study investigated the presence of parent compounds from flavanol, flavonol and stilbene families and their metabolites in rat plasma and tissues after an acute intake of GPE in doses of 300 and 600 mg kg/body weight. The measurement of free compounds and their metabolites was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results showed the presence of epicatechin, epicatechin methyl-glucuronide, epicatechin methyl-sulphate, catechin, catechin-glucuronide, quercetin methyl-glucuronide, resveratrol-3-glucuronide, resveratrol-4-glucuronide and resveratrol-3-sulphate in plasma, which was dose dependent. The most abundant measured compound in plasma was epicatechin-glucuronide. The presence of glucuronidated and methyl-glucuronidated forms of catechin were observed in the liver at both doses, while epicatechin-glucuronide and methyl-glucuronide were detected only upon intake of 600 mg GPE/kg body weight. At this dose epicatechin-glucuronide and methyl-glucuronide were also detected in muscle, and catechin methyl-glucuronide in adipose tissue. Results show the main GPE metabolites present in rat tissues after oral consumption, contributing to better understand the health benefits of GPE and its potential utilization as a functional ingredient. Fil: Rodriguez Lanzi, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina Fil: Perdicaro, Diahann Jeanette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina Fil: Antoniolli, Andrea Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biomatemática y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química Orgánica y Biológica; Argentina Fil: Piccoli, Patricia Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Vazquez, Marcela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina

The suitability of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and gas chromatography accurate mass spectrometry (GC–MS), based on a time-of-flight (TOF) MS analyzer and using electron ionization (EI), for the characterization of volatile and semi-volatile profiles of grape marc distillates (grappa) are evaluated. DLLME conditions are optimized with a selection of compounds, from different chemical families, present in the distillate spirit. Under final working conditions, 2.5 mL of sample and 0.5 mL of organic solvents are consumed in the sample preparation process. The absolute extraction efficiencies ranged from 30 to 100%, depending on the compound. For the same sample volume, DLLME provided higher responses than solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for most of the model compounds. The GC-EI-TOF-MS records of grappa samples were processed using a data mining non-targeted search algorithm. In this way, chromatographic peaks and accurate EI-MS spectra of sample components were linked. The identities of more than 140 of these components are proposed from comparison of their accurate spectra with those in a low resolution EI-MS database, accurate masses of most intense fragment ions of known structure, and available chromatographic retention index. The use of chromatographic and spectral data, associated to the set of components mined from different grappa samples, for multivariate analysis purposes is also illustrated in the study. Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Rodríguez Pereiro, Isaac. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Facultad de Química; España Fil: Cela Torrijos, Rafael. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Facultad de Química; España

A new reliable method for the determination 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs) in wine samples based on the sequential combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE), dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and gas chromatography (GC) quadrupole time-of-flight accurate tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS/MS) is presented. Primary extraction of target analytes was carried out by using a reversed-phase Oasis HLB (200 mg) SPE cartridge combined with acetonitrile as elution solvent. Afterwards, the SPE extract was submitted to DLLME concentration using 0.06 mL carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as extractant. Under final working conditions, sample concentration factors above 379 times and limits of quantification (LOQs) between 0.3 and 2.1 ng L−1 were achieved. Moreover, the overall extraction efficiency of the method was unaffected by the particular characteristics of each wine; thus, accurate results (relative recoveries from 84 to 108% for samples spiked at concentrations from 5 to 25 ng L−1) were obtained using matrix-matched standards, without using standard additions over every sample. Highly selective chromatographic records were achieved considering a mass window of 5 mDa, centered in the quantification product ion corresponding to each compound. Twelve commercial wines, elaborated with grapes from different varieties and geographical origins, were processed with the optimized method. The 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) was determined at levels above the LOQs of the method in half of the samples. Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Rodríguez Pereiro, Isaac. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Facultad de Química; España Fil: Cela Torrijos, Rafael. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Facultad de Química; España

Grape pomace can be considered as an excellent and inexpensive source of phenolic compounds with potential bioactive properties. Therefore, the key aim of this study was to carry out a comparative study of different Argentinean grape varieties for selecting the most convenient residue during the recovery of compounds with antioxidant activities that will be useful in emerging industrial applications. Phenolics, including 17 non-anthocyanins and 13 anthocyanins, isolated from grape pomace (GP) obtained from the varieties Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot, were characterised via assessing different chemical profiles of the studied samples. The maximum concentrations of the non-anthocyanins corresponded to the following flavanols: (-)-epicatechin (5518 μg g-1), (+)-catechin (5340 μg g-1), procyanidin B1 (1820 μg g-1), and syringic acid (6665 μg g-1). Malvidin-3-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin (32 056 μg g-1). The compound OH-tyrosol was first identified and quantified in the GPE of Cabernet Franc and Malbec. Moreover, stilbene trans-resveratrol was found at the levels as high as 328 μg g-1 GPE in Malbec, thus highlighting the potentiality of the variety as a source of compounds with nutraceutical value. A discussion about the relationship between the high levels of syringic acid and the anthocyanin malvidin-3-glucoside has also been presented. Based on the results, new knowledge for understanding the possible synergic effects between the contents of compounds of different families in the extracts was presented. This information can be helpful for the technological application of the extracts and to justify different beneficial effects achieved when these extracts are used in experimental models. Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Antoniolli, Andrea Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: D'Amario Fernández, María Agustina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina Fil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina

Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biologia Agricola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biologia Agricola de Mendoza; Argentina

Plants are able to synthesize a large number of organic compounds. Among them, primary metabolites are known to participate in plant growth and development, whereas secondary metabolites are mostly involved in defense and other facultative processes. In grapevine, one of the major fruit crops in the world, secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenols, are of great interest for the wine industry. Even though there is an extensive literature on the content and profile of those compounds in berries, scarce or no information is available regarding polyphenols in other organs. In addition, little is known about the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), ABA and GA3 (extensively used in table grapes) on the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in wine grapes. In table grapes, cultural practices include the use of GA3 sprays shortly before veraison, to increase berry and bunch size, and sugar content in fruits. Meanwhile, ABA applications to the berries on pre-veraison improve the skin coloring and sugar accumulation, anticipating the onset of veraison. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess and characterize primary and secondary metabolites in leaves, berries and roots of grapevine plants cv. Malbec at veraison, and changes in compositions after ABA and GA3 aerial sprayings. Metabolic profiling was conducted using GC-MS, GC-FID and HPLC-MWD. A large set of metabolites was identified: sugars, alditols, organic acids, amino acids, polyphenols (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) and terpenes (mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenes). The obtained results showed that ABA applications elicited synthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in all assessed tissues, as well as L-proline, acidic amino acids and anthocyanins in leaves. Additionally, applications with GA3 elicited synthesis of L-proline in berries, and mono- and sesquiterpenes in all the tissues. However, treatment with GA3 seemed to block polyphenol synthesis, mainly in berries. In conclusion, ABA and GA3 applications to grapevine plants cv. Malbec influenced the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites known to be essential for coping with biotic and abiotic stresses.

A methodology was developed using matrix solid phase dispersion, together with liquid chromatography with multiple wavelength detector for the determination of twenty phenolic compounds in olive oil samples. Under optimized conditions, the analytes were extracted using 0.5 g of olive oil, 1.0 g of Florisil as sorbent and methanol:water (80:20 acidified with formic acid 0.5% (v/v)) as eluting solvent. The proposed methodology provided detection and quantification limits in the ranges of 0.023 - 0.750 and 0.075 - 2.500 mg kg-1, respectively. The RSDs resulting from the analysis of 6 replicates of 0.5 g of sample pool containing 2.5 mg kg-1 phenolic compounds were ranged between 2.1% and 14.8%.Considering matrix-matched calibration as quantification technique, the average recoveries ranged from 74.8% to 95.0%, with relative standard deviations between 1.5% and 9.3%.The developed methodology was applied for the determination of phenolic compounds in nine olive oils produced in Argentina, identifying seventeen analytes at concentrations above detectable levels. Fil: Monasterio, Romina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Silva, María Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina