Search

The study aims to determine the composition and diversity of waterbirds species in the Jatipapak mangrove ecosystem at Alas Purwo National Park (APNP). This research was conducted on September-October 2020 with terrestrial and marine surveys in three stations. Data collection includes the waterbirds species and the number of individuals of each species. Data analysis used species composition and diversity index (Shannon Wiener=H’). The results of the study obtained the existence of 837 individuals waterbirds consisting of seven families, 16 genera, and 23 species. The waterbird communities in this area are composed of 11 species of resident birds and 12 species of migratory birds. The diversity index of waterbird species obtained is 2.31 which means moderate level. Based on the conservation status, there were 22 species of waterbirds that were classified as least concern (LC) and one species namely the Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus) which was included in the Vulnerable (VU) category. ABSTRAK: Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan komposisi dan keanekaragaman spesies burung air di ekosistem mangrove Jatipapak di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo (TNAP). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September-Oktober 2020 dengan survei darat dan laut di tiga stasiun. Data yang dicatat meliputi spesies burung air dan jumlah individu setiap jenis. Analisis data menggunakan penentuan komposisi spesies dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis Shannon Wiener (H’). Hasil penelitian diperoleh 837 individu burung air yang terdiri dari 7 famili, 16 genus, dan 23 spesies. Komunitas burung air di kawasan ini terdiri dari 11 spesies burung penetap dan 12 spesies burung migran. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis burung air yang diperoleh adalah 2,31 yang berarti dalam kategori sedang. Berdasarkan status konservasi, terdapat 22 spesies burung air yang tergolong least concern (LC) dan satu spesies yaitu bangau tongtong (Leptoptilos javanicus) yang masuk dalam kategori Vulnerable (VU).

Grasshoppers (Caelifera) are herbivorous insects that act as first consumers in the food chain. Grasshoppers can detect the presence or absence of plants as a source of food and a place to live, as well as being an indicator of environmental recovery. This study aims to determine the diversity of grasshopper species in the rehabilitation zone of Bonangan Block, Resort Wonoasri Meru Betiri National Park. The sampling method used a structured roaming technique. The results obtained nine types of grasshoppers covering seven genera with a total of 228 individuals. The diversity index value obtained is 1.86. The conclusion of this study was that the composition of grasshoppers included nine types of grasshoppers found, namely Oxya sp., Catantops sp., Trilophidia sp. (1), Trilophidia sp. (2), Schistocerca sp., Acrida sp., Phlaeoba sp., Atractomorpha sp. (1) and Atractomorpha sp. (2). The value of the diversity index of grasshoppers is in the medium category with the diversity index value of 1.86.

This study was designed to identify Enterococcus faecalis from clinical mastitis of cattle and determine their antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants to evaluate their potential public health significance. A total of 105 composite milk samples (80 from cattle with clinical mastitis and 25 from apparently healthy cattle) were analyzed. E. faecalis were isolated by culturing on enterococcal selective media and identified by PCR and sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance phenotype was elucidated by the disc diffusion method, and MIC was determined by broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes was done by PCR. E. faecalis were isolated from 11.25% (9/80) of the clinical mastitis and 4% (1/25) of the apparently healthy cattle milk samples. The disc diffusion test revealed 40% isolates as resistant to tetracycline and azithromycin, respectively. Among them, 20% (2/10) of isolates showed resistance to both tetracycline and azithromycin. Tetracycline-resistant isolates showed MIC ranging from ≥64 to >128 μg/ml and carried tetracycline-resistant genes tetK, tetL, and tetM in 25%, 25%, and 50% of the resistant isolates, respectively. On the other hand, all the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin. In addition, the isolates carried at least one of the nine virulence genes screened with pil having the highest frequency, followed by fsrB, fsrC, ace, sprE, gelE, and agg genes. Positive correlations were evident between ace, fsrC, gelE, and sprE genes that are associated with the attachment and biofilm formation in E. faecalis. E. faecalis isolated in this study carried antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants which explain their competence to be potential human pathogens.