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This report discusses a rare case of a 75-year-old male presenting with a large lipoma of the tongue. It examines the investigations carried out to aid in diagnosing the lesion and the management options. Since oral lipomas rarely cause symptoms, there tends to be a general delay in seeking treatment. This case report aims to help dental practitioners diagnose intra-oral soft tissue lesions and provide appropriate management for their patients.

The development of high-sulfur-loading Li–S batteries is a key prerequisite for their commercial applications. This requires to surmount the huge polarization, severe polysulfide shuttling and drastic volume change caused by electrode thickening. High-strength polar binders are ideal for constructing robust and long-life high-loading sulfur cathodes but show very weak interfacial interaction with non-polar sulfur materials. To address this issue, this work devises a highly integrated sulfur@polydopamine/high-strength binder composite cathodes, targeting long-lasting and high-sulfur-loading Li–S batteries. The super-adhesion polydopamine (PD) can form a uniform nano-coating over the graphene/sulfur (G–S) surface and provide strong affinity to the cross-linked polyacrylamide (c-PAM) binder, thus tightly integrating sulfur with the binder network and greatly boosting the overall mechanical strength/conductivity of the electrode. Moreover, the PD coating and c-PAM binder rich in polar groups can form two effective blockades against the effusion of soluble polysulfides. As such, the 4.5 mg cm−2 sulfur-loaded G–S@PD-c-PAM cathode achieves a capacity of 480 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 C, while maintaining a capacity of 396 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.2 C when the sulfur loading rises to 9.1 mg cm−2. This work provides a system-wide concept for constructing high-loading sulfur cathodes through integrated structural design.

Aim & Objectives: Concern about the transmission of infection from patients to healthcare workers & vice versa is increasing. According to occupational safety & health administration, USA guidelines, gloves must be worn whenever there is a reasonable likelihood of contact of body fluids of patients to health personnel's in order to prevent contamination. The aim of this study is to report the pattern & incidence perforation of surgical gloves after single-use during different dental &maxillofacial surgical procedures & also to compare the perforation rate in single & double gloving methods during different elective& emergency oral & surgical procedures.Material & Methods: This prospective study was done for six months in the department of oral &maxillofacialsurgery. All the gloves used during elective & emergency, minor & major surgical procedures were collected. Both visual & hydro insufflations techniques were used to check the gloves for perforation & parameters were recorded.Results: A total of 1000 gloves were recorded, used in emergency& elective procedures. The percentage of operating doctor, assistant nurses was recorded. 34.54% gloves used in IMF were perforated.22.14% gloves used in Trans alveolar extraction with burs and 13.33% sharp surgical instruments perforated gloves.Suture needles perforated 18% gloves and needle pricks during extraction perforated 12% gloves. The overall perforation rate in all surgical procedures mentioned above was 18.62%.The chi square value: 114.129 and p value < 0.001.Conclusions: Double gloving method reduces the risk of contamination from patient to operating staff & vice versa by reducing the inner glove perforation

Li–S batteries have received unprecedented attention owing to their exceptionally high energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, the daunting challenges of insulating properties, soluble polysulfide shuttling, drastic volume change and sluggish polysulfide conversion kinetics, still hinder their application towards commercialization. Very recently, exciting progresses have been made on inorganic/organic polar hosts as either polysulfide immobilizers or polysulfide redox accelerators, targeting durable Li–S batteries. Herein, self-assembled NiCo2S4 granules comprising secondary open-hole tubular structures are first devised as highly-efficient host materials for high-sulfur-loading and durable Li–S batteries. NiCo2S4 hosts are featured with their large porosity, high electronic conductivity, rapid ion conduction, strong polysulfide immobilization capability and catalytic effect on polysulfide redox, thus greatly ameliorating the polysulfide-shuttle issue and accelerating the polysulfide conversion kinetics. Therefore, the NiCo2S4/S cathode shows a reversible capacity of 1387 ​mAh g−1 at 0.2C and retains a value of 543 ​mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 2 ​C. Impressively, the NiCo2S4/S cathode with a sulfur loading of 8.9 ​mg ​cm−2 exhibits high areal capacity of 8.3 ​mAh cm−2, low polarization and high cycling stability. Moreover, the as-derived soft-package battery with a 4.5 ​mg ​cm−2 sulfur loading can power 169 light-emitting diodes, verifying its great potential for practical application.

The poor ionic conductivity and high working temperatures (normally >60 °C) of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) greatly limit their application in all-solid-state batteries. To mitigate these issues, for the first time, we report here an organic polymer filler, hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA), that can greatly suppress PEO crystallinity, enhance the ionic conductivity of PEO-based SPEs (1.13 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 35 °C) and support battery operation at 35 °C. PEO–HPMA SPEs feature high flexibility, incombustibility, wide electrochemical operating window and stability against lithium. The as-derived Li/PEO–HPMA/LiFePO4 all-solid-state batteries show outstanding rate capability, high reversible capacity and long-term stability up to 1250 cycles. More impressively, the soft-packaged Li/PEO–HPMA/LiFePO4 cells show high safety under various extreme conditions such as cutting and perforation. The PEO–HPMA SPE-based quasi-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries are also presented. This work demonstrates a facile approach that unlocks the low-temperature application of PEO SPE-based all-solid-state batteries.

Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) are important types of flavonoids, plant secondary metabolites with a wide range of industrial and pharmaceutical applications. DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) is a pivotal enzyme that plays an important role in the flavonoid pathway. Here, four

A novel food packaging film was developed by incorporating a tea polyphenols-loaded pullulan/trehalose (TP@Pul/Tre) into a composite film with ultrasound-assisted treatment of dual-frequency (20/35 kHz, 40 W/L) for 15 min to assess the physicochemical and mechanical properties of a composite film. The optimized ultrasound-assisted significantly increases elongation at break, tensile strength, and improves the composite film's UV/water/oxygen barrier properties. Structure analysis using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and thermal stability revealed that these improvements were achieved through ultrasound-enhanced H-bonds, more ordered molecular arrangements, and good intermolecular compatibility. Besides, the ultrasound-assisted TP@Pul/Tre film has proven to have good antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with approximately 100 % lethality at 4 h and 8 h, respectively. Moreover, the ultrasound-assisted TP@Pul/Tre film effectively delayed moisture loss, oxidative browning, decay, and deterioration in fresh-cut apples and pears, thereby extending their shelf life. Thus, ultrasound has proved to be an effective tool for improving the quality of food packaging films, with a wide range of applications.

This study developed two novel food packaging films, oat protein/pullulan (Op/Pul) and Nisin-loaded oat protein/pullulan (Nis@Op/Pul) films. Ultrasound was introduced to improve its mechanical, structural and physicochemical properties. The Op/Pul film has lower light transmittance, water vapour and oxygen permeability (OP) and improved film uniformity than pure oat protein and pullulan film. The addition of Nisin led to a significant decrease in the composite films' transparency, moisture content, and total soluble matter (TSM). The ultrasound treatment significantly increased the elongation at break and transparency of Nis@Op/Pul film by 18.37% and 8.03% and decreased its TSM and OP by 8.33% and 2.78%, respectively, compared to the conventional method. The structure analysis shows ultrasound enhances intermolecular hydrogen bonding, reduces the crystallinity and formed a more regular, uniform surface. Moreover, the Nis@Op/Pul film prepared by ultrasound treatment could effectively delay the decay and deterioration of fresh strawberries and prolong their shelf life.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme that serves as the first line of defense in the plant antioxidant system and removes reactive oxygen species (ROS) under adverse conditions. The SOD protein family is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and plays a significant role in plant growth and development. However, the comprehensive analysis of the

Sugar is an important carbon source and contributes significantly to the improvement of plant growth and fruit flavor quality. Sugar transport through the tonoplast is important for intracellular homeostasis and metabolic balance in plant cells. There are four tonoplast sugar transporters (FvTST1-4) in strawberry genome. The qRT-PCR results indicated that FvTST1 has a differential expression pattern in different tissues and developmental stages, and exhibited highest expression level in mature fruits. The yeast complementation assay showed that FvTST1 can mediate the uptake of different sugars, such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, and mannose. Subcellular localization analyses revealed that FvTST1 was mainly targeted to the tonoplast. Transient expression of FvTST1 in strawberry fruits enhanced both fruit ripening and sugar accumulation. Furthermore, FvTST1-transformed tomato plants exhibited higher sucrose and auxin content, enhanced seed germination and vegetative growth, higher photosynthetic rate, early flowering, and bore fruit; fructose and glucose levels were higher in transgenic fruits than those in the control. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the auxin signaling pathway was highly enriched pathway in up-regulated Gene-ontology terms. In transgenic plants, genes encoding transcription factors, such as phytochrome-interacting factors PIF1, -3, and -4, as well as their potential target genes, were also induced. Collectively, the results show that FvTST1 enhances plant growth and fruit ripening by modulating endogenous sugars, and highlight the biological significance of this gene for future breeding purposes.

Schwannomas or neurilemmomas are slow-growing, benign and often firm lumps that are typically painless. They are extremely rare in the oral cavity, with the tongue and the palate being the most common intraoral sites. This is a case report of this pathology in the floor of the mouth. We present a case of a 28-year-old female patient with a 2-month history of a floor of mouth swelling. On clinical examination this was non-tender and appeared firm. An ultrasound of the lesion was performed which revealed a well-defined, rounded and low reflective soft tissue mass. Following an MRI scan and surgical excision of the lesion, a definitive diagnosis of a schwannoma was made. The presence of schwannoma in the oral cavity is unusual. Based on the literature and the presented case, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis until the final histopathological confirmation.

Introduction: Patients harboring brain AVMs associated with moderate-high surgical morbidity (large lesions, deep location and eloquent cortex) are increasingly undergoing hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) at our institution. Most published literature is based on a single fraction SRS technique. In this review we sought to evaluate/present our hypofractionated SRS experience using the Accuray Cyberknife device. Hypothesis: Cyberknife Stereotactic Radiosurgery (C-SRS) can be used for a high risk brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with high rates of successful complete obliteration and low rates of hemorrhagic, death and major disability. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients having undergone Cyberknife SRS for brain AVMs between 2013-2019 at a large community based tertiary care health system and identified 33 patients. Of these patients 12 had a minimum of 2 year follow-up. We divided the patients into hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic presentations, prior endovascular treatment with embolization and based on Spetzler Martin grades. Results: 58% males with median age of 44 and 9% presenting with hemorrhage. Median planning target volume (PTV) was 7.2 cc (range 1.25-15.56 cc) and median HFSRT dose was three fractions (range 3-5) of 10.25 Gy (range 8.5-11 Gy) each. Complete obliteration was achieved in 100% of patients after salvage SRS 21 Gy x1 fraction to a residual AVM volume in 2 patients. The median time to obliteration was 747 days. 3 of 12 patients suffered radiation necrosis1 patient with a large AVM (maximum diameter of 4 cm and PTV of 12.6 cc) suffered re-hemorrhage and radiation necrosis, but ultimately completely obliterated after 402 days and was left with mRS ≤2). Conclusion: Although we have a small sample size, fractionated SRS with Cyberknife resulted in 100% obliteration, low rates recurrent hemorrhage and low morbidity (no mortality). These outcomes are superior to published single fraction radiosurgery results in high risk patients. Further study with a prospective multicenter registry or as part of a larger RCT is warranted.

Fresh-cut peaches are prone to quality deterioration, including browning, which is detrimental to their shelf life and marketability. Physiochemical changes in the fruit treated with the combination of a hormetic dose of UV-B irradiation (1.46 kJ m−2) and 1 μl L−1 1-MCP fumigation were assessed. The combined treatment effectively maintained the fruit quality as indicated by the inhibited weight loss and browning, which was associated with the enhancement of total phenolic content by UV-B, and restraint activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase by 1-MCP. Meanwhile, a stable membrane was suggested based on the facts of the reduced membrane peroxidation and improved unsaturated fatty acid proportion. Moreover, the retarded energy deficit was coupled with moderated respiratory metabolism. In summary, the combination of UV-B and 1-MCP treatments compromised phenolic metabolism, enhanced membrane stability, and moderated respiratory metabolism, and hence can be used to extend the shelf life of fresh-cut peaches.

Purpose Reirradiation has been proposed as an effective modality for recurrent central nervous system (CNS) malignancies in adults. We evaluated the toxicity and outcomes of CNS reirradiation in pediatric patients. Methods and Materials The data from pediatric patients Results Sixty-seven pediatric patients underwent CNS reirradiation. The primary diagnoses included medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n=20; 30%), ependymoma (n=19; 28%), germ cell tumor (n=8; 12%), high-grade glioma (n=9; 13%), low-grade glioma (n=5; 7%), and other (n=6; 9%). The median age at the first course of RT was 8.5 years (range 0.5-19.5) and was 12.3 years (range 3.3-30.2) at reirradiation. The median interval between RT courses was 2.0 years (range 0.3-16.5). The median radiation dose and fractionation in equivalent 2-Gy fractions was 63.7 Gy (range 27.6-74.8) for initial RT and 53.1 Gy (range 18.6-70.1) for repeat RT. The relapse location was infield in 52 patients (78%) and surrounding the initial RT field in 15 patients (22%). Thirty-seven patients (58%) underwent gross or subtotal resection at recurrence. The techniques used for reirradiation were intensity modulated RT (n=46), 3-dimensional conformal RT (n=9), stereotactic radiosurgery (n=4; 12-13 Gy × 1 or 5 Gy × 5), protons (n=4), combined modality (n=3), 2-dimensional RT (n=1), and brachytherapy (n=1). Radiation necrosis was detected in 2 patients after the first RT course and 1 additional patient after reirradiation. Six patients (9%) developed secondary neoplasms after initial RT (1 hematologic, 5 intracranial). One patient developed a secondary neoplasm identified shortly after repeat RT. The median overall survival after completion of repeat RT was 12.8 months for the entire cohort and 20.5 and 8.4 months for patients with recurrent ependymoma and medulloblastoma after reirradiation, respectively. Conclusions CNS reirradiation in pediatric patients could be a reasonable treatment option, with moderate survival noted after repeat RT. However, prospective data characterizing the rates of local control and toxicity are needed.

Drought is the most important factor limiting plant production in the majority of agricultural crops of the world. Wheat is generally grown on arid-agricultural fields. An experiment was conducted at the Plant physiology research area, Agronomic Research Institute Faisalabad, during winter 2010-11 to evaluate the effect of drought on wheat variety Lasani 2008. The experiment was comprised of following treatments. T1 Normal moisture (3 IR at CRS, Booting and grain filling), T2 No irrigation (only rainfed) control, T3 water spray (100 ppm), T4 ascorbic acid (100 ppm), T5 salicylic acid (100 ppm), T6 calcium chloride (100 ppm), T7 glycinbetain (100 ppm). According to the resulting data the treatment in which three irrigation were applied produced more no. of tillers (52%), spikelet per spike (41%), spike length (30%), grain per spike (58%), grain yield (54%), biological yield (35%) as compared to control. The treatment in which no irrigation was applied produced less no. of tillers, spikelet per spike, spike length, grain per spike, grain yield, biological yield. Thousand grain weight and harvest index were non significant among all treatments.

Nitrogen fertilization plays a very important role for crop productivity. New developed wheat varieties need proper fertilization for improved crop productivity. The present study was carried out to quantify, the effects of nitrogen derived from urea and FYM on the four newly developed wheat varieties i.e. Siran-2009, Ata Habib, Janbaz-2009 and Pirsabak-2008 for yield improvement, quality and soil fertility status. The N treatments were control, 100% of the recommended nitrogen from urea as well as FYM, and 50% from each source. The experiment was carried out at New Developmental Farm, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan, during Rabi 2011-2012. Results of the data showed that Janbaz-2009 was more responsive to biological yield (11,011 kg·ha-1), grain yield (4339 kg·ha-1), and nitrogen use efficiency (14.8%), whereas Siran-2010 performed better for grain N contents (2.31%). Plots having both urea and FYM had improved biological yield (11,958 kg·ha-1), and grain yield (4901 kg·ha-1). Urea application had improved straw N contents (0.92%) in addition to Mix application of urea and FYM (0.93%). Mix application of both sources and sole FYM had higher grains N content (2.25%), whereas control plots in addition to mix application had improved nitrogen use efficiency (14.8%). Siran-2010 and Janbaz-2009 performed better in FYM and mix FYM and urea plots for most of the parameters. It was concluded from the experiment that Janbaz-2009 had improved yield and yield components, whereas Siran-2010 had improved the grain N content. Similarly, Mix application of FYM and urea had improved crop productivity, soil fertility and grains as well as straw N content. Thus wheat varieties Janbaz-2009 sown in mix FYM and urea is recommended for general cultivation in agro-climatic condition of Peshawar.

Decision support system for agro-technology transfer (DSSAT), OIL CROP-SUN Model was used to stimulate the phenology, growth, yield of different two sunflower hybrids. i.e. Hysun-33 and S-78 by applying different nitrogen levels. The effect of nitrogen (N) on growth and yield components of different sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids were evaluated under agro-climatic conditions of Sargodha, Pakistan during spring 2013. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications, keeping cultivars in the main plots and nitrogen levels (0, 45, 90,135 and 180 kg/ha) in sub plots. OIL CROP-SUN Model showed that the model was able to simulate the growth and yield of sunflower with an average of 10.44 error% between observed and simulate achene yield (AY). The result of simulation indicates that nitrogen rate of 180 kg/ha produced highest achene yield in S-78 hybrid as compared to other treatments and Hysun-33 cultivar.

Chilling injury (CI) is a physiological disorder induced by cold, which heavily limit crop production and postharvest preservation worldwide. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can alleviate CI in various fruit species, including peach; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, changes in contents of phenolics, lipids, and jasmonic acid (JA) and gene expressions are compared between MeJA and control fruit. Exogenous MeJA inhibited expressions of PpPAL1, PpPPO1, and PpPOD1/2 but did not affect the phenolic content. Furthermore, MeJA fruit showed lower relative electrolyte leakage, indicating less membrane damage. Meanwhile, the enrichment of linoleic acid in the potential lipid biomarkers, especially phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol, coincided with lower expressions of PpFAD8.1 but higher PpLOX3.1 and JA content. In the JA signaling pathway, MeJA significantly upregulated expressions of PpMYC2.2 and PpCBF3 but downregulated PpMYC2.1. In conclusion, adjustments of fatty acids in phospholipids contribute to MeJA-induced alleviation of CI in peach fruit via induction of the JA-mediated C-repeat-binding factor pathway.

Horticultural products, including peaches, are susceptible to chilling injury (CI), on which the effect of ethylene is still controversial, and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, changes in biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in phenolic and lipid metabolism were compared between stony hard peaches with continuous ethylene (CETH) and controls. CETH effectively compromised internal browning incidence, accompanied by the inhibited activity of peroxidase but enhanced phenolic content, and less membrane leakage with reduced H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents. Intriguingly, CETH elevated levels of phospholipids and unsaturation of their acyl chains, coincident with the lower transcript levels of phospholipase Dα1 but higher fatty acid desaturase2/8.1, and the enhanced sphingolipid contents and biosynthesis concomitant with higher transcript levels of glucosylceramide synthase but lower inositol phosphorylceramide synthase3. Therefore, CETH can ameliorate fruit CI through adjusting phenolic and lipid metabolism, especially comprehensive remodeling of phospholipids and sphingolipids to contribute to the membrane stability.

BACKGROUND Cranial radiation therapy (RT) is an important component in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. However, it can result in long-term effects on the developing brain. This prospective study assessed the effects of cranial RT on cerebral, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe volumes and their correlation with higher cognitive functioning. METHODS Ten pediatric patients with primary brain tumors treated with cranial RT and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy children serving as controls were evaluated. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessments (language, memory, auditory and visual processing, and vocabulary) were performed at the baseline and 6, 15, and 27 months after RT. The effects of age, the time since RT, and the cerebral RT dose on brain volumes and neuropsychological performance were analyzed with linear mixed effects model analyses. RESULTS Cerebral volume increased significantly with age in both groups (P = .01); this increase in volume was more pronounced in younger children. Vocabulary performance was found to be significantly associated with a greater cerebral volume (P = .05) and a lower RT dose (P = .003). No relation was observed between the RT dose and the cerebral volume. There was no difference in the corresponding neuropsychological tests between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS This prospective study found significant relations among the RT dose, cerebral volumes, and rate of vocabulary development among children receiving RT. The results of this study provide further support for clinical trials aimed at reducing cranial RT doses in the pediatric population. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

Strawberry fruit is extremely perishable at least partially because of excessive softening, which can be inhibited by edible chitosan coating during ripening, but the biochemical and molecular mechanisms are not completely understood in the fruit under cold conditions. Here, changes in levels of quality attributes, cell wall constituents, activities and expression of cell wall modifying enzymes, were evaluated in strawberry fruit treated with 1.5% (w/v) chitosan coating and stored at 4 °C for 12 days. Chitosan coating had a significant inhibitory effect on fruit softening during cold storage, rather than other quality attributes. Chitosan coating treated fruit showed the reduction in the content of water-soluble pectin coincident with significant inhibition in activities of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME), and expression of FaPG1and FaPME1, relative to the controls. Activities of these two enzymes and expression of FaPG1 were significantly correlated with the contents of water-soluble pectin. Besides, the decreased link between cellulose and hemicellulose was indicated by the reduced transcript levels of FaXTH1 and FaEXP2, with significantly positive correlation. In conclusion, the effect of chitosan coating on strawberry fruit mainly involves the softening inhibition by metabolic enzymes of pectin, especially PG and PME. The results will provide insights into developing measures to control strawberry fruit softening during cold storage and cold chain logistics.

The published version of this article unfortunately contained an error. Author "E. Mark Mahone" has been published incorrectly by capturing "Mark Mahone" as family name when it should only be "Mahone". Given in this article is the corrected name.