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The objective of this literature review was to identify the challenges in the innovation ecosystem of West Java, Indonesia. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) and qualitative method, over 100 works from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed. The focus was then narrowed to 67 articles, significantly contributing to this review paper's discussions. Additional relevant references were included based on keywords such as Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), Intellectual Property, and Innovation Ecosystem. The literature review area was West Java, chosen due to the abundance of articles circulating within the region. West Java had the highest patent and intellectual property registrations, attributed to the presence of reputable universities. The main issue identified was the lack of synergy among the actors and limited youth participation, thereby worsening challenges in sustaining the funding. The analysis underscored the potential to enhance youth participation through government initiatives. To validate such results and formulate tailored recommendations for each actor in innovation ecosystem, further reviews were recommended. This aimed to enhance innovation productivity emanating from HEIs and other important actors.

The degradation of performance caused by Doppler shift to frequency hopped (FH)/M-ary frequency shift keying (MFSK) Reed-Solomon (RS) coded signal over a Rayleigh and Rician channel is analyzed. The receiver employs a digital processing scheme, consisting of an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter followed by quadrature decomposition and complex-valued envelope discrete Fourier transformation (DFT). Predecoder symbol error probability and post-decoder word error probability are presented as a function of Doppler shift, channel randomness parameter, and the symbol energy-to-noise ratio. The noise is assumed to be white and Gaussian distributed. Results show that for a typical symbol error rate of [10.sup.-3], the margin for 8-ary uncoded transmission must be increased by 8 dB to account for Doppler in a Rician fading channel.

Tempat-tempat umum seperti pusat perbelanjaan, perpustakaan, kolam renang dan lainnya dimana tempat ini adalah tempat umum yang banyak dikunjungi orang. Karena peningkatan jumlah pengunjung maka mempengaruhi jumlah tempat yang tersedia. Oleh karena itu, ini mungkin menimbulkan masalah baru yang tidak sebanding dengan tempat yang sudah ada dan akan mengganggu kenyamanan orang lain. Oleh karena itu dibuatlah sebuah solusi teknologi yang dikenal sebagai penghitung jumlah pengunjung ruangan berbasis mikrokontroler. Perancangan dan pembuatan alat ini bertujuan untuk menghitung dan memantau jumlah orang yang masuk dan keluar dari suatu ruangan. Alat ini dibuat dengan mikrokontroler Arduino Nano sebagai otak pemrosesan data dan NodemcuEsp8266 sebagai mikrokontroler tambahan yang memiliki kemampuan untuk terhubung ke jaringan internet sebagai keuntungan. Perancangan alat penghitung jumlah pengunjung ruangan ini terdiri dari pembuatan dan perancangan hardware dan software serta pengujian kinerja alat. Alat ini menggunakan dua sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 dan sensor garis pada satu pintu untuk mendeteksi aktivitas pengunjung. Mikrokontroler kemudian menggunakan data sensor untuk menghitung jumlah orang yang masuk dan keluar ruangan. Output dari alat ini adalah tampilan pada LCD serta tampilan data yang dapat dimonitoring menggunakan software ubidots. Berdasarkan data dari uji coba yang telah dilakukan disimpulkan bahwa alat penghitung jumlah pengunjung ruangan telah dibuat sesuai dengan rancangan dan dapat melakukan tugas dan fungsinya dengan baik.

The sturdy and reliable payment system is one of the most important systems in the digitalization era, especially in the pandemic COVID-19 period. As part of Critical Infrastructure Information (CII), a strategy to protect the payment system is needed to reduce risks that may arise. But the author's best knowledge, in Indonesia, no reference describes the interdependency of the CII sector that could be used as input on strategy making for reducing the risk on all CII sectors which are influencing the payment system. This research uses the Fuzzy-based DANP (FDANP) Framework based on a multi-expert perspective on inter-sector influences to identify the interdependency and priority of the CII sector with a case study on the payment system. The contribution of this research is to provide information about the interdependency and priority of the CII sector. The findings of this research show that 5 sectors that have an influence on other sectors with a case study of the payment system and the information and communication technology sector, the energy and mineral resources sector, and the financial sector are the three major sectors that must be paid more attention to because they have an impact on many sectors.

Monitoring children’s health is critical for ensuring growth and development. However, non-integrated recording and reporting methods often result in inconsistent and inaccurate data. This study aims to increase knowledge and skills in monitoring children’s health in elementary schools, from anthropometric measurements to recording and reporting. The method used was a quasi-experiment (non-control, non-randomization) involving teachers, school staff, and related officers (n=25). The intervention consisted of educational and training sessions in anthropometric measurements, monitoring children’s growth and development, and training on using MySIMOKA, a web-based application for monitoring children’s health and training. Evaluation is carried out by providing a pre-test and a post-test. The intervention significantly increased participants’ knowledge (p=0.001). The calculated effect size of 0.47 shows that the intervention has a medium effect, confirming the effectiveness of education and training in increasing participants’ knowledge. Participants also showed improvement skills for the children’s examination. MySIMOKA system usability scale was 66.72, meaning the system still needs to be improved. Health education and training sessions and practicing MySIMOKA significantly improve participants’ knowledge and skills regarding monitoring children’s health in elementary schools. Further assistance and cross-sector collaboration are needed to ensure the sustainability of child health monitoring and data entry.

Pengalaman psikotik merupakan bentuk dari simtom atau gejala psikotik (misal: delusi dan halusinasi) yang sifatnya lebih lemah yang tidak mencapai ambang batas klinis untuk diagnosis gangguan psikotik dan fenomena yang dapat terjadi pada populasi umum. Meskipun begitu, pengalaman psikotik juga diasosiakan dengan peningkatan risiko gangguan psikotik maupun nonpsikotik lainnya, serta berbagai kondisi mental negatif dan kualitas hidup yang lebih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kesepian berpengaruh sebagai salah satu faktor risiko pengalaman psikotik pada dewasa awal. Faktor risiko adalah sifat, karakteristik, atau ekspos apapun terhadap individu yang menigkatkan kecenderungan untuk mengembangkan sebuah gangguan Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 385 partisipan dewasa awal berusia 18-25 tahun. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Asesmen Komunitas terhadap Pengalaman Psikotik (AKPP) dan UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesepian memiliki pengaruh sebagai salah satu faktor risiko pengalaman psikotik pada dewasa awal.

Water quality index (WQI) can express overall water quality status in a single term. As such, the application of daily WQI assessment should help the general public be more aware of the condition of the surface water around them. As the longest and biggest river in the West Java Province, the Citarum River plays an important role in the life of the community and ecosystem around it. Therefore, this research evaluated which WQI assessment method was best suited for determining the Citarum River's water quality. We utilized West Java Province monitoring data collected from four monitoring stations along the Upstream Citarum. The WQI was calculated using the National Sanitation Foundation WQI (NSF WQI), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment WQI (CCME WQI), and Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) assessment methods. Nine years of monitoring data were grouped and analyzed according to wet vs. dry months, wet vs. dry years, monitoring station, and year. Using the NSF WQI assessment method, the Citarum River obtained a ‘Fair’ and ‘Bad’ water quality grade with WQI ranging between 38.212 and 60.903 during dry months, 49.089 and 62.348 during wet months, 42.935 and 65.696 during dry years, and 39.002 and 58.898 during wet years. The data ranged from 41.458 and 61.206 from each monitoring station, and between 35.920 and 58.713 for the data from each monitoring year. The CCME WQI assessment method showed that the Citarum River had ‘Fair’, ‘Marginal’, and ‘Bad’ water quality with WQI ranging between 12.683 and 31.503 during dry months, 21.231 and 33.127 during wet months, 12.683 and 31.503 during dry years, 12.134 and 28.748 during wet years, 13.621 and 30.569 for the data from each monitoring station, and 13.219 and 68.808 for the data from each monitoring year. The OWQI assessment method gave the Citarum River a ‘Very Bad’ water quality rating with WQI ranging between 11.528 and 18.827 during dry months, 13.898 and 24.563 during wet months, 11.528 and 25.782 during dry years, 11.528 and 15.997 during wet years, 11.528 and 18.842 for each monitoring station, and 11.523 and 16.528 for the data from each monitoring year. Based on these results and the collated advantages and disadvantages of each method, the NSF WQI assessment method was deemed to be the best for determining the Citarum River's water quality.

This research aims to determine the factors that affect the financial sustainability of conventional banks and sharia banks in Indonesia. Data obtained from the financial statements of conventional commercial banks and Islamic commercial banks have been published by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the period 2014 to 2018. The total population used in this study are all conventional and Sharia banks that publish their financial statements on the OJK. The research variables used include Financial Self Sufficiency (FSS) as the dependent variable. Return on assets (ROA), Cash to deposits (CTD), Loans to assets (LTA), Deposits to assets (DTA) as independent variables. The analysis used is the tree classification. The tree classification method requires the dependent variable in the form of categorical data. Processing results show that three financial performance factors affect financial sustainability, namely ROA, LTA, and DTA. Error in the analysis process is 29%. So that the accuracy of using the tree classification method in predicting the factors that affect banking financial sustainability is 71%.

This research aims to know the meaning and moral contained in the poetry of Haji Syukur. He conveyed his preaching through poetry that according to Haji Syukur, the people of Jambi easily understand him through Seloko or Pantun. The poems spoken by Haji Syukur are also often used by people in the area of Jambi who in the activities of community deliberations, in giving advice, can also be used in the sleep of children, and storytelling. The poems spoken by Haji Syukur contain the story of Islamic religious teachings. Further research on the activity of analyzing the works of the teacher H. Syukur specifically the poems of his work.In this study we use content analysis techniques to process the data that has been collected. With this technique researchers will be able to easily find out the contents, meaning of poetry, and moral values that are embedded in poetry. So that researchers at the end of the paper can easily conclude the results of the desired research. The words of Haji Syukur or the often-called Guru Syukur in the form of aspects are also not too difficult to understand, the lyrics are practical and often also used by society in their daily lives, and Seloko or Pantun is also a Community needs in certain events and when people relax in a community gathering. In the Haji Syukur poem’s can also distinguish the nature of the character of Islam with the people of the calamites, the good and the wicked, the praises and the Unblemish. In the verses of gratitude teachers speak between two opposite things, Haji Syukur also gives the difference two things aloud, so that the community easier to capture what the meaning conveyed through the poem and the the lyrics are easier for the community to hear.

The purpose of this research is to explore ruqyah Syar’iyyah therapy effectiveness as a therapy to increase the happiness of domestic violence women. The assumption is the ruqyahsyar’iyyahbe able to increase the happiness. The subjects of the research are the age of on 18 years, who are victims of violence having average or low happiness scale. There scale used in the research is scale that arranged based on aspects of Seligman (2005). The data is analyzed by Mann Whitney. The results of the hypothesis done by using analysis Mann Whitney, obtained value U of 10.500 with p = 0.225 (p > 0.05) while on pascatest obtained by 0.000 with p = 0.004 (p

Abstrak Kecenderungan kenakalan remaja adalah kemungkinan remaja berperilaku menyimpang dan bersifat melawan hukum, anti susila, dan menyalahi norma-norma agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengasuhan kenabian terhadap kecenderungan kenakalan remaja. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 97 orang remaja di SMA yang berusia 15-17 tahun. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dua instrumen penelitian, yaitu skala kecenderungan kenakalan remaja dan skala pengasuhan kenabian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif antara kecenderungan kenakalan remaja terhadap pengasuhan kenabian, r = -0,484 (p = 0,000). Artinya semakin tinggi pengasuhan kenabian, maka semakin rendah kecenderungan kenakalan remaja. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada orangtua agar dapat mengurangi resiko kenakalan remaja dengan menerapkan pengasuhan kenabian. Abstract: The tendency of juvenile delinquency is a possibility of deviating behavior and is against the law, anti-morality, and violate religious norms. This study aimed to determine the effect of parenting prophetic against the tendency of juvenile delinquency. The sample in this study was 97 adolescences in high school aged 15-17 years. The data collection was done by using two research instruments, they were the scale of the tendency of juvenile delinquency and parenting scale prophetic. The data analysis was performed using simple linear regression. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between juvenile delinquency propensity towards nurturing prophetic, r = -0.484 (p = 0.000). This means that the higher the prophetic care, the lower the tendency of juvenile delinquency. The study was expected to provide information to parents in order to reduce the risk of juvenile delinquency by applying parenting prophetic.

Snake fruit (Salacca edulis) can be made into dried fruit with addition of high concentration of sugar syrup prior to drying. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of sugar solution and soaking time on the characteristics of candied snake fruit. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial consisting of two factors: the concentration of sugar solution (40%, 50%, 60%) and the soaking time (24 and 48 hours). Each treatment was repeated three times. Data processing on quality of candied snake fruit was done using the General Linear Model (GLM) and univariate test of Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that concentration of sugar solution and soaking time gave significant effect on concentration of reducing sugar. Soaking at 48 hours significantly affectedyield, preferences for taste, texture, and overall preferences of candied snake fruit. Interaction of soaking and the concentration of sugar solution significantly affected moisture content of final product.

The aim of study are to get a description and to determine the influence of leadership role, organization culture and motivation on employee work performance of PD Jawi. Tourism and service district company, West Java Province have developed following economic development. The company have a vision To be one of economic pilar to support net district income through providing service and tourism business. The company have to be able to anticipate the environment changing for surviving in high competitive condition of service and tourism business. Based on this situation, the role of human resources is very important especially for the company to increase work performance of their employees, for creating profitable company to contribute to net district income of West Java Province. The method of this study are descriptive analysis and data verification through conducted sampling at this company. The correspondent to this study are an employees at head and branch office of PD Jawi. The results showed that role of leadership, work performance, and work motivation level are a good category. The effect of leadership to employee work performance was significantly strong, account for 22.19%. The effect of organization culture and motivation partially affect significantly account for 18,34% and 30,13%, respectively. Over all, the effect of leadership role, organization culture and motivation on work performance of employee affect simultaneously and significantly account for 70,67%.

Winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC] is a tropical plant that has some benefits and is very suitable to be cultivated in Indonesia. Study about diversity of winged bean is very important to support the future development of winged bean. Increased genetic diversity can be done through mutation. Gamma ray is often used for inducting mutations. One of way to observe genetic diversity resulted by molecular mutation is using RAPD method. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic diversity of winged bean resulted by gamma ray irradiation. The method used in this study was an experiment by using RAPD technique. Samples used were plant leaves that had been induced by gamma ray with a wavelength of 20 Gy, 25 Gy, and control plants that were not induced by gamma ray. RAPD were done by ten primers that were OPA 9, OPA 10, OPA 13, OPA 18, OPB 2, 3 OPB, OPB 6, 7 OPB, OPB 10, and OPB 11. Data were analyzed using GenAlex 6.1 Program. The percentage of polymorphic loci of winged bean population control was 47,54%, while in the 20 and 25 Gy treatment were 62,30% and 54,10%, respectively. The values of genetic variation based on the calculation of allele frequencies were 0,236; 0,202 and 0,194 for treatment of 20 Gy, 25 Gy and for control plants, respectively. Meanwhile, the value of genetic distance ranged from 0.08 to 0.32.

Introduction: This observational study conducted across seven emergency care units compares the efficacy of four D-dimer detection methods, namely HemosIL D-dimer HS (HS), HemosIL D-dimer HS-500 (HS-500), VIDAS D-dimer (VIDAS), and HemosIL AcuStar D-dimer (ACUSTAR). The primary focus is on patients with a clinical suspicion of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE)., Methods: A total of 149 samples were collected from patients with suspected DVT or PE. The confirmation of DVT/PE was based on calf ultrasound or computed tomography-Angiography. Direct comparisons were made between the different detection methods, considering both their analytical performance and clinical utility. Additionally, the impact of an age-adjusted cut-off on the diagnostic accuracy of each method was assessed., Results: The results revealed comparable negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity across the methods, with a notable exception of increased specificity for HS compared with HS-500 (50.8% vs. 41.5%, p = 0.03). Further analysis incorporating an age-adjusted cut-off demonstrated a significant improvement in specificity for HS. When using the age-adjusted cut-off, HS exhibited a substantial increase in specificity compared with HS-500 (63.1% vs. 49.2%, p = 0.004) and demonstrated significantly higher specificity compared with VIDAS (63.1% vs. 53.8%, p = 0.04)., Conclusion: The study emphasizes the nonuniversal effect of an age-adjusted cut-off and discusses the potential necessity for different cut-off values, particularly in the case of HS-500. These findings contribute to the understanding of D-dimer detection methods in the context of DVT and PE, providing insights into their relative performances and the potential optimization through age-adjusted cut-offs., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This review aims to highlight the occurrences of several emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, particularly 13 types under surveillance of Indonesia's emerging contagious disease task force. These diseases are considered potentially epidemic, due to the nature of tropical climate and high humidity of Indonesia's area. Several factors contribute to the emergence of these diseases: in conjunction with human behavior. Most of these diseases are zoonotic, specifically spread by viruses. The latest emerging infectious disease in Indonesia is monkeypox. Controlling the management of EID-REIDs presents a major obstacle for international health initiatives, particularly in Indonesia because of its extensive population, varied geographical landscape, and constrained resources. Overcoming these obstacles demands tactics like prioritizing Indonesian policies, bolstering disease monitoring systems, upgrading diagnostic capacities, fortifying public health facilities, fostering community involvement and education, and executing efficient prevention and management protocols. These strategies should be implemented in collaboration with international partners and organizations to effectively control and prevent the spread of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in Indonesia.

Background: Service quality improvement efforts must focus on the utilisation of resources for continuous quality improvement. The importance-performance analysis (IPA) method is useful in finding service quality items that require corrective action. This study implemented the IPA method to obtain items that should be prioritised in improving the quality of a hospital's clinical forensic services., Methods: A cross-sectional study of 284 clinical forensic patients at Bhayangkara Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia was conducted. Self-administered and paper-based questionnaires, specifically the modified service quality (SERVQUAL)-based questionnaire, were used as the study instruments. Twenty-two service quality items were used as indicators and they were divided into five dimensions of service quality: i) reliability, ii) responsiveness, iii) assurance, iv) empathy and v) tangibility. The data were analysed using the IPA method., Results: The results showed that only seven items had a gap and a level of conformity that met the expectations of clinical forensic patients. Improvements in service quality should prioritise four items: i) providing a more private examination room for clinical forensic patients, ii) improving healthcare workers' understanding of patient needs, iii) improving the readiness of healthcare workers to conduct examinations and iv) enhancing the clarity of information about examination procedures., Conclusion: The IPA method yielded several high-priority items that need to be improved; therefore, the hospital must focus on improving the quality of clinical forensic services., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2024.)

Objective: COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis (TB) cases, and TB-COVID-19 integrated screening was introduced as a strategy to overcome these problems. This study determined the acceptability of the TB-COVID-19 integrated screening by healthcare workers (HCWs) and its impact on achievement of the TB program., Methods: This was a mixed-method study with an embedded design. Data on hospital TB program coverage from the national TB information system for all Muhammadiyah and Aisyiyah Hospitals (MAHs) in Central Java were compared before and after the implementation of TB-COVID-19 integrated screening. The informants consisted of HCWs from 21 MAHs in Central Java. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out with 7 hospital TB, 19 emergency room, 10 outpatient, 6 inpatient, and 4 managerial staff. In-depth interview (IDIs) were also performed with the Technical Officer TB Recovery Head of the Muhammadiyah Center. All IDIs and FGDs were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic analysis guided by the theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA)., Result: Implementation of the TB-COVID-19 integrated screening program led to an increase in the number of new TB case diagnoses at the Central Java Hospitals. Moreover, the program was acceptable based on seven indicators from TFA. Despite the obstacles faced by HCWs during the implementation process, the program still managed to meet the standards., Conclusion: Acceptance by HCWs is a critical factor in the successful implementation of programs, including the TB-COVID-19 integrated screening. Furthermore, a multifaceted and cross-sectoral approach is required to address the constraints associated with the process., (© 2023 [The Author/The Authors].)

Background: The relationship between Tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is intricate and intertwined, posing significant global health challenges. In addition, the increasing prevalence of DM worldwide raises concerns regarding the potential resurgence of tuberculosis. The implementation of tuberculosis prevention strategies is of the utmost importance, especially in countries like Indonesia that encounter a dual burden of TB and DM. The significance of TB screening in private primary care settings for patients with diabetes cannot be overstated. Implementing TB screening protocols in private primary care settings can assist in identifying diabetic patients with tuberculosis. Therefore, this study aims to explore the acceptability and feasibility of tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus screening implementation in private primary care clinics., Methods: We conducted implementation research with an exploratory qualitative design. Fifteen healthcare professionals from five private primary health care clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, participated in five focus groups. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed. As part of the feasibility assessment, surveys were conducted in each clinic. We conducted a thematic analysis in accordance with the theoretical framework of acceptability and the feasibility assessment., Results: We identified that most private primary care clinics deemed the implementation of TB screening in DM patients acceptable and practicable. We revealed that the majority of diabetes patients enthusiastically accepted TB-DM screening services. In addition, we found that the healthcare professionals at the clinic are aware of the nature of the intervention and demonstrates a positive attitude despite a subtle burden. The stigma associated with COVID-19 has emerged as a new implementation barrier, joining TB stigma, lack of resources, and regulatory issues. We identify concealed and tiered screening as a potential method for enhancing the implementation of TB-DM screening., Conclusions: The implementation of TB screening in DM patients in private primary care clinics had the potential to be acceptable and feasible. To achieve a successful implementation, consideration should be given to supporting factors, hindering factors, and strategies to improve TB screening in DM patients., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

All parties involved in health care, including patients and their families/caregivers play a significant role to achieve patient safety. Furthermore, patient engagement (PE) has not been adequately implemented to achieve safe healthcare in Indonesia, despite the introduction of the patient-centered care paradigm. This study aims to explore healthcare professionals' (HCPs) perspectives on PE and its application technique. A qualitative study was conducted in the chronic wards of a faith-based private hospital in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Four focus group discussions among 46 HCPs, followed by 16 in-depth interviews, were carried out. Furthermore, the verbatim transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis. The result showed four main themes, including PE as a strategy for achieving safe healthcare, factors affecting its implementation, the need for comprehensive strategies to engage the patients, and their roles in safety efforts. Furthermore, the implementation of PE can be enhanced by encouraging healthcare professionals (HCPs) to play proactive roles in empowering recipients. To achieve PE, "partnership culture" and the removal of potential barriers as well as determining factors, must be established. This requires a high-level commitment, organizational support with a top-down approach, and integration into healthcare systems. In conclusion, PE is essential for patient safety and can be enhanced by strengthening organization support, integrating into the healthcare system, improving HCPs' roles, and empowering patients and caregivers to overcome potential barriers., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest in respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Introduction: The comorbidity of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus (TB-DM) is a looming global co-epidemic problem. Despite the Indonesian Government's ongoing effort to impose regulation for collaborative TB-DM management, the involvement of private primary care providers (PPCs) has not been considered before the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to capture the PPCs' existing practices and explore their challenges, opportunities, and potential roles in the collaborative TB-DM services and control., Methods: A descriptive qualitative research design was used to collect data. Two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 13 healthcare workers (HCWs) from different private clinics and eight private/solo general practitioners (GPs) from Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. We triangulated these data with data from FGDs of HCWs community health centers (CHCs) and in-depth interviews of three regional health regulators, five hospitals staff members, and a representative of national health insurance. The discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic analysis., Results: PPCs have not been initiated into the implementation of the collaborative TB-DM programme. The themes identified in this study were health system-related barriers, knowledge and perception of HCWs, lack of implementation of bi-directional screening, and needs of multisector role. The potential roles identified for PPCs include involvement in health promotion, bi-directional screening, patient referral, and data reporting according to the TB-DM programme indicators. However, more thorough improvement of PPCs' capacity and logistic supplies are needed to provide comprehensive TB treatment., Conclusion: Although PPCs' involvement in implementing collaborative TB-DM services has yet to be considered, their potential role should not be neglected. Therefore, it is essential to increase their involvement by enhancing their capacity and improving the Public-Private Mix. PPCs' engagement should be initiated and maintained to ensure the sustainability of the programme., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Haemolysis is the leading cause of sample rejection in laboratory haemostasis. Most studies focused on artificially haemolysed samples. The aim of this study was a prospective assessment of spontaneous haemolysis on haemostasis tests, by comparing results of haemolysed (H) versus new, non-haemolysed (NH) specimens, collected within 4hrs. As new coagulometers can identify interfering substances, visual assessment of haemolysis was also compared with instrumental haemolysis index and stratified in subclasses., Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty nine paired samples were collected and analysed using ACL TOP750-CTS (Instrumentation Laboratory, Bedford, USA), for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), D-Dimer (DD), fibrinogen (Fib) and antithrombin (AT). Bias between H and NH was calculated and compared with the respective critical difference (CD)., Results: Mean bias was - 0.1 s for PT (P = 0.057), - 1.1 s for aPTT (P < 0.001), 1025 ng/mL for DD (P < 0.001), - 0.04 g/L for Fib (P = 0.258) and 1.4% for AT (P = 0.013). Bias exceeding the CD varied according to the method, with larger differences for aPTT (36.1%) and DD (17.1%) and < 8% for PT, Fib and AT. No correlation emerged between free haemoglobin values and difference in haemostasis tests in H and NH samples for any tests. Moderate/severe haemolysis involved > 95% of samples. The agreement between visual assessment and instrumental evaluation of haemolysis was 0.62., Conclusion: Spurious haemolysis deeply influences aPTT and DD, and to a lesser extent AT and Fib. Prothrombin time seems only slightly influenced, suggesting that PT can be accepted also in haemolysed samples. Although a good inter-observer correlation of haemolysis evaluation was found, the instrumental assessment of haemolysis seems recommendable., Competing Interests: Potential conflict of interest: None declared.