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1. Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and Dominant Mosses (Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt.) as Bioindicators of the Expressway Influence on Forest Ecosystems

Author

Arkadiusz Warczyk, Piotr Gruba, Agnieszka Józefowska, Tomasz Wanic, Agata Warczyk, Bartłomiej Świątek, Julita Bujak, and Marcin Pietrzykowski

Subjects
traffic, trace metals, bioindication, mosses, blueberry, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

The intensive use, development, and expansion of the road network is expanding the zones of direct impact of road transport on forest ecosystems. Issues related to the mobility of trace elements in forest ecosystems along motorways are very important due to the numerous environmental risks associated with the excessive accumulation of metals, the ability to migrate and accumulate in plants and animals, and the risk of transferring these elements to higher trophic levels. The aim of this article was therefore to determine the impact of road traffic on the basis of contents of trace metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and to describe the relationship of these contents in moss gametophytes and blueberry leaves taken in the vicinity of an existing and variously expanded expressway (S7, Poland, Europe). Analyses of transport impacts included the effects of distance and time of pollutant deposition and road transport on habitat and stand conditions. The highest contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in moss tissues were found in fir stands and the contents were, respectively, 0.36 mg·kg−1, 5.91 mg·kg−1, 12.5 mg·kg−1, 3.26 mg·kg−1, 8.82 mg·kg−1, and 55.28 mg·kg−1. Mosses showed the best bioindication capacity of all of the studied ecosystem elements. The Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni contents were particularly markedly elevated in moss tissues relative to non-anthropopressured areas and dependent on distance from the emitter (road). Blueberry proved to be a less useful bioindicator, as the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn found were similar to the data from non-anthropopressured areas and were, respectively, 0.09 mg·kg−1, 0.98 mg·kg−1, 7.12 mg·kg−1, 2.49 mg·kg−1, 1.18 mg·kg−1, and 15.91 mg·kg−1 in fir stands and 0.04 mg·kg−1, 0.47 mg·kg−1, 6.63 mg·kg−1, 1.65 mg·kg−1, 0.72 mg·kg−1, and 17.44 mg·kg−1 in pine stands.

Published
2024
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2. Contributors

Author

Saghir Abbas, Souhir Abdelkrim, Ghassen Abid, Maria Manuela Abreu, S.B. Agrawal, Khawaja Shafique Ahmad, Shakeel Ahmad, Muhammad Farhan Akhtar, Shamim Akhtar, Muhammad Sohail Akram, Muhammad Zubair Akram, Qasim Ali, Sajid Ali, Shafaqat Ali, null Amna, Vera I. Androsova, Muhammad Akbar Anjum, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Mukesh Kumar Aswathi, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Ricardo Antunes Azevedo, Abdul Aziz, Aditi Shreeya Bali, Aditya Banerjee, Zeeshan Basharat, Saadia Basheer, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra, Debleena Bhattacharya, Shazia Anwer Bukhari, M.M.S. Cabral-Pinto, Luísa C. Carvalho, Swarnavo Chakraborty, Jipsi Chandra, Sidra Charagh, Soumya Chatterjee, Ashish K. Chaturvedi, Hassan Javed Chaudhary, Li Chen, Shibao Chen, Mércia Maria Damásio, Bhupinder Dhir, D.M.R.E.A. Dissanayake, Savita Duhan, Ali Akbar Ebadi, Shaghef Ejaz, Mannal Mohamed Emam, Chukwunonye Ezeah, Muhammad Faisal, Muniba Farhad, Muhammad Farman, Maryam Fatima, Imen Challougui Fatnassi, Salete Aparecida Gaziola, Elena N. Gulyaeva, Anamika Gupta, Dharmendra K. Gupta, Madiha Habib, Muhammad Bilal Hafeez, Muhammad Hussaan, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Basharat Hussain, Khalid Hussain, Sajjad Hussain, Syed Murtaza Hussain, Sumbal Iftikhar, Wasif Iftikhar, Munazza Ijaz, Javed Iqbal, M.C.M. Iqbal, Muhammad Iqbal, Naeem Iqbal, Shahid Iqbal, Shumailah Ishtiyaq, Anatoly A. Ivanov, Deepanshi Jaiswal, Muhammad Tariq Javed, Moez Jebara, Salwa Harzalli Jebara, Xingyong Jia, Shiva Najafi Kakavand, Anna Karczewska, S. Keshavkant, Hafiza Sania Khalid, Muhammad Asaf Khan, Shahbaz Ali Khan, Shakeel A. Khan, Hemmat Khattab, Mojtaba Kordrostami, Wojciech Kraj, Amit Kumar, Harsh Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Karolina Lewińska, Mohammad Mafakheri, null Mahmood-ur-Rahman, Sadia Majeed, Sandeep K. Malyan, Khedhiri Mannai, Mohamed Magdy F. Mansour, Eugenya F. Markovskaya, Deyvid Novaes Marques, Muhammad Shareef Masoud, Florin-Constantin Mihai, Anindita Mitra, Amal Ahmed Morsy, Aneeqa Munawar, Ghulam Mustafa, Aamir Nawaz, Fahim Nawaz, Khalid Nawaz, Safina Naz, Clement O. Ogunkunle, Avantika Pandey, Neha Pandey, Pankaj Pathak, Manoj S. Paul, Maria A. Pavlova, Rashida Perveen, Marcin Pietrzykowski, Ramón Plana, Mrinalini Prasad, Rashid Rafeeq, P. Raja, Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani, Rajiv Ranjan, Naeem Rashid, Bilal Rasool, Amer Rasul, Bilal Rasul, Ali Raza, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Rizwan, Aryadeep Roychoudhury, Omar Saadani, Karima Hamid A. Salama, Erika S. Santos, Pooja Saraswat, Rana Nauman Shabbir, Aftab A Shabnam, Muhammad Shahid, Sumreena Shahid, Sher Muhammad Shahzad, Kanval Shaukat, Muhammad Asif Shehzad, Ayesha Siddiqa, Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu, Ajeet Singh, U. Surendran, Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, Borsha Tamuly, Kashif Tanwir, Mohsin Tariq, Ksenya B. Taskina, Hafiz Muhammad Tauqeer, Elena N. Terebova, Veysel Turan, Muhammad Umair, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Munir Usmani, Mayank Varun, Patrícia Vidigal, Laíze Aparecida Ferreira Vilela, S.N. Vinodakumar, Meng Wang, Arkadiusz Warczyk, Muhammad Waseem, Roseline Xalxo, Krishna K. Yadav, Kritika Yadav, Tahira Yasmeen, Noreen Zahra, Parwasha Zaib, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad Zubair, and Immad Zulfiqar

Published
2021
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3. The antioxidant defense system and bioremediation

Author

Arkadiusz Warczyk, Wojciech Kraj, and Marcin Pietrzykowski

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, Antioxidant, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, fungi, food and beverages, Metal toxicity, Metabolism, medicine.disease_cause, Phytoremediation, Bioremediation, Biochemistry, Toxicity, medicine, Oxidative stress
Abstract

High levels of heavy metals can lead to multiple toxic effects in plants. They have capability to influence plant growth and development by direct inhibition of molecular, biochemical, and physiological processes or through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can inhibit most cellular processes at various levels of metabolism. Plants counteract the heavy metal oxidative stress by inducing plant scavenging system including overexpressing of numerous signaling and antioxidative proteins and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Different efficiencies of ROS scavenging system during various environmental stress including heavy metals can result in developing plants that can overcome oxidative stress. The capability of plant species to accumulate and tolerate heavy metals has a great importance for plant selection useful for phytoremediation. This article details the toxicity of heavy metals, the sites of production, and the role of ROS as oxidative damage inducers and the link between heavy metals, oxidative stress, and antioxidative system activity in different plant species. The type of phytoremediation methods and mechanisms of plant tolerance for heavy metal toxicity are also presented.

Published
2021
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4. Concentration of trace elements in forest soil affected by former timber depot

Author

Tomasz Wanic, Marcin Pietrzykowski, Jacek Antonkiewicz, and Arkadiusz Warczyk

Subjects
Pollution, Monitoring, Depot, media_common.quotation_subject, Soil pollution, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Article, Dozen, Soil, Metals, Heavy, Ecotoxicology, Soil Pollutants, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Forestry, General Medicine, Vegetation, Soil quality, Soil contamination, Trace Elements, Soil water, Environmental science, Poland, Copper, Timber depot, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Certain parts of global forests show elevated concentrations of trace elements as a result of industry processes, places such as wood depots and plant protection products, which together degrade the forest environment. This paper examines a timber depot that used wood preservatives in World War II located in the Warcino Forest Inspectorate (Poland). It presents monitory findings on the degree to which the upper soil layer in the depot area has been contaminated by wood preservatives. Within two forest divisions, a network of soil extraction points was established, distinguished into three separate categories that demarcate the degrees of vegetation coverage and growth of the common pine. These were Area A (area with a pine stand that is several dozen years-old), Area B (areas with a pine stand that is approximately a dozen years-old) and Area C (areas without a pine stand). The Cu concentration in the surface categories was respectively 141.03/187.54/834.43 mg·kg−1. Above 600% in Cu concentration was noted in category C in comparison to category A. It was found that the content of most elements (B, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) did not exceed the permissible values according to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment on soil quality standards; however, in the case of Cu, the limit values established for forest and agricultural soils were exceeded, with the highest Cu contents found in the ‘C’ category. The results obtained confirm that the wood protection chemicals, such as copper sulphate, affected the long-term pollution of forest soils.

Published
2020

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