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The future is an important new topic for archaeology. Archaeologists do not only study past futures but are also concerned with future pasts and in particular with the impact of their work on future societies. Drawing on the notion of “heritage futures”, archaeological heritage is claimed to contribute to sustainable development and address challenges posed by climate change, human conflicts, and others.

Portuguese translation of my 2020 paper “Destruction and Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage as Future-Making.” In: M. Nagaoka (ed) The Future of the Bamiyan Buddha Statues, pp. 157-72. Paris/Cham: UNESCO/Springer Nature.

Triticum timopheevii sensu lato ('new glume wheat', NGW) was first recognised as a distinct prehistoric cereal crop through work on archaeobotanical finds from Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in northern Greece. This was later followed by its identification in archaeobotanical assemblages from other parts of Europe. This paper provides an overview of the currently known archaeobotanical finds of Timopheev's wheat in southeastern and eastern Europe and observes their temporal span and spatial distribution. To date, there are 89 prehistoric sites with these finds, located in different parts of the study region and dated from the Neolithic to the very late Iron Age. Their latest recorded presence in the region is in the last centuries bce. For assemblages from the site as a whole containing at least 30 grain and/or chaff remains of Timopheev's wheat, we take a brief look at the overall relative proportions of Triticum monococcum (einkorn), T. dicoccum (emmer) and T. timopheevii s.l. (Timopheev's wheat), the three most common glume wheats in our study region in prehistory. We highlight several sites where the overall proportions of Timopheev's wheat might be taken to suggest it was a minor component of a mixed crop (maslin), or an unmonitored inclusion in einkorn or emmer fields. At the same sites, however, there are also discrete contexts where this wheat is strongly predominant, pointing to its cultivation as a pure crop. We therefore emphasise the need to evaluate the relative representation of Timopheev's wheat at the level of individual samples or contexts before making inferences on its cultivation status. We also encourage re-examination of prehistoric and historic cereal assemblages for its remains.

Reconstructions of past land use and related land-cover changes at local and regional scales are needed to evaluate the potential long-term impacts of land use on the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. In this purpose, we selected the Gamleby area at the Swedish Baltic Sea coast for a case study. We use a new, high resolution pollen record from a small lake (Lillsjön) located 3.6 km NNW of the bay Gamlebyviken and detailed analysis of the available archeological data to reconstruct local land-use changes over the last 3000 years. To estimate land-cover change at local (2–3 km radius area) and regional (50 km radius area) scales we use four additional, published pollen records from two small and two large lakes (25–70 km S of Lillsjön) and the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm, a pollen-vegetation modeling scheme. Results show that regional and local (small lakes Lillsjön and Hyttegöl) land-cover changes are comparable over the last 1500 years (Late Iron Age to present), and that landscape openness was much larger locally than regionally (difference of 20–40% cover over the last 500 years). The periods of largest potential impacts on the Gamlebyviken Bay from regional and local land use are 200–950 CE (Late Iron Age) and 1450 CE to present, and of lowest potential impacts 950–1450 CE. The question on whether the large landscape openness 1150–50 BCE and significant afforestation 50 BCE–200 CE reconstructed for Lillsjön’s area are characteristic of the Gamlebyviken region will require additional pollen records in the catchment area.

Arkeologi langs Hålogalandsveien

Oregelbunden paginering., Arkeologi langs Hålogalandsveien

By-products of metal corrosion, when coming into contact with organic matter, have the capacity to preserve it from decay. A pilot study was conducted aiming to explore the potential and limitations of plant remains preserved in by-products of metal corrosion for archaeobotanical research. The organic remains considered come from the surface/immediate proximity of the metal funerary artefacts of two ancient cemeteries—Varna and Messambria, Eastern Bulgaria. Metal corrosion by-products were observed and sampled, under a low magnification stereo microscope. Subsequently, the plant macrofossils recognised were analysed under reflected light and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, pollen was extracted from the metal corrosion by-products, using standard acetolysis. The analyses from the graves of both cemeteries allowed identification of textiles and plant fibres, as well as wood (Cornus sp., Pinus sp., Viburnum sp.). At Varna cemetery epidermis fragments of Juncus sp. were recognized, while at Messambria necropolis fruits of almond were found. The pollen analysis from Varna points to use of flowers in the ritual (Daphne tetrads were recorded) and shows a notably open landscape with 77% non-arboreal pollen (NAP). The palynological analysis from the Messambria necropolis revealed the use of flowers in the burial ritual indicated by clusters of Vitis, Cistus and Rosaceae pollen. The surrounding vegetation was dominated by open oak woodland and open habitats (43% NAP) with a strong presence of anthropogenic indicators. The outcome of the study proved to be promising for reconstructing details of the burial rituals including associated plant materials, as well as the surrounding plant habitats during the functioning of the cemeteries.

In this thesis, soils and sediments have been used as sources of information on past human activity in Arctic environments. The study has combined geoarchaeological methods and techniques with information from historical documents, ethnographic accounts, and archaeological remains to create integrated narratives of human-landscape interactions in the past. The thesis consists of two parts: an introductory text and four research papers. In the first paper, social and cultural aspects of the spatial organisation of Sámi hearth-row sites are presented and discussed through an analysis of the soil from two sites in northern Norway (Steintjørna and Brodtkorbneset) and one from northern Sweden (Hobergsträsk). Based on spatial patterns in the excavated and analysed materials, a socio-spatial ethnographic model of the Sámi goahti (tent/hut) was challenged and new insights into spatial organisation were generated. The second paper revisits Steintjørna in Norway and presented a geoarchaeological methodology for identifying spaces used for corralling or controlling reindeer.The third paper deals with the human impact on soils from two contemporary sites representing short term, low intensity use, but under different socio-economic conditions. Snuvrejohka was a Sámi viste (camp site) in a high-altitude location connected to 19th and 20th century reindeer herding, whilst Maiva, was initially a farmstead that was turned into a tourist station, that later became a holiday cottage and lastly a research outpost. The interaction of humans with soils and sediments was explored using stratigraphic and spatial soil sampling strategies and analysis to provide interpretable data on land use. The fourth paper approaches human impact from a different perspective, namely the introduction of invasive soil fauna in Arctic environments. An integrated cultural and natural historical approach, including soil sampling and analysis, was used to study archaeological and historical information at Mai

During the first discussion round of goINDIGO 2022, which took place on Thursday, 12 May and was called Creators vs Academics, four local graffiti creators were invited to consider a series of (potentially provocative) statements in discussion with symposium participants (joining in-person and online). The statements, compiled by Geert Verhoeven in consultation with Samuel Merrill, were: Academia CHANGES graffiti Graffiti MUST be recorded ALL graffiti are archive-worthy Decontextualisation MATTERS Graffiti NEED categorisation Digital media are ESSENTIAL The four attending graffiti creators agreed to participate following their contact and invitation via Instagram. When introducing themselves, each conveyed their own, often close, relationship to the Donaukanal as well as their different levels of experience and exposure within Vienna’s wider graffiti scene. JANER ONE (active since 2012), for instance, took hope from doing graffiti in "tough times" and identified the Donaukanal as a really big playground - "it does not have many rules, and the few rules it has, you must pick up by yourself" - and a site of graffiti history. MANUEL SKIRL (active since 2006) meanwhile recounted how the openness and inclusiveness of the Donaukanal offered the chance to begin creating and, in time, to develop a personal style in "more artistic" directions. SERT (active since 2009) highlighted moving to Vienna partly to be close to the Donaukanal after growing up in a "pretty small village" in the countryside. SNUF’s (active since 2012) first piece was at the prestigious Donaukanal, the "best art gallery of the city with almost daily changing exhibitions". Each of the four brought their personal, 'inside' perspectives to the discussion of the selected statements that is recorded in the following text. This text is not, however, a verbatim nor sequential account of that discussion. Firstly, although retaining the 'feel' of the discussion has been prioritised, the text has been edited for r, Attending graffiti creators:JANER ONE (active since 2012), MANUEL SKIRL (active since 2006), SERT (active since 2009) and SNUF (active since 2012).

Between 3rd and 7th of July an archaeological survey was conducted with funding from the Arctic 5 (Arctic Centre) network under the auspices of the MARISA (Monuments At Risk In the Swedish Arctic) project in the Jokkmokk region. Seven areas were visited, the status of known sites was assessed, and new sites were recorded.

Hordeum vulgare var. nudum (naked barley) is one of the oldest and most common cereals found from Neolithic Fennoscandia. After the Bronze Age, naked barley largely disappeared and was replaced by Hordeum vulgare var. vulgare (hulled barley) and other cereals. During the early 19th century, naked barley of Asian origins was reintroduced to Fennoscandia. In this study, we have genetically characterized samples of Fennoscandian landraces of naked barley which were preserved in gene banks and museum collections. The analyses show that the Fennoscandian naked barley can be split into three groups: First, naked two-row barley, with a likely origin in Asia; second, naked six-row barley, with a likely origin in the eastern Himalayas and introduced during the 19th century; third, naked six-row barley genetically related to the original Fennoscandian hulled barley. The results suggest that this last group represents the ancient form of naked barley, which was possibly introduced in the Neolithic. At that time both naked and hulled barleys were grown and enough gene flow probably occurred between these two subspecies to create a Fennoscandian barley that is genetically distinct, irrespective of whether it is hulled or naked. This hypothesis was further supported by genotyping of the Nud gene, which is responsible for the naked phenotype. All naked barleys which we studied contained the same mutation allele, nud1.a, thus showing that naked Fennoscandian barley arose by crossings between naked and hulled barley and not by new mutations of hulled barley.

Exploring the impact of landslides on past human communities, their landscapes, and their material remains, this thesis focuses on the most landslide-prone region of Sweden: the Göta River Valley (Sw. Göta älvdalen). It is argued that through a multi-source methodology and by employing ideas concerning geoculturality and disasterscapes, we can begin to approach the lived experiences of both distant and recent history. The thesis further outlines the risk posed by landslides to cultural heritage and archaeological sites, a threat significantly exacerbated by ongoing processes of anthropogenic climate change. This compilation thesis contributes to the study of past hazards and disasters with relevance on both regional, national, and international levels. The comprehensive summary of the thesis provides both an overview of the field and an in-depth study of how landslides have been perceived and interacted with throughout time. Additionally, five research papers, each dealing with different aspects of landslide archaeology within Western Sweden from prehistory into the present day, address separate aspects of landslide archaeology. The first paper presents new dating evidence for the Late Iron Age trading site of Köpingen and, in turn, uses these results to provide a minimum age for a prehistoric landslide on the same site. The second paper outlines the research history of the great medieval landslide at Jordfallet, employing archival studies and legacy data to reassess its traditional dating. Most likely, the event occurred in the year 1249 AD, a conclusion with relevance for Scandinavian geopolitics in the Middle Ages. The third and fourth papers are historical-archaeological studies of two Early Modern disasters, the 1648 Intagan and 1703 Skrehall landslides, respectively, providing new understandings of these events. In the case of the former landslide, it is found to have left few easily identifiable archaeological traces behind, while newly discovered remains are

This article is a case study of the Skrehall landslide, which occurred on 15 September 1703 at the border between the Swedish parishes of Fors and Rommele. It was a disaster with locally far-reaching consequences for the Westrogothian agrarian communities it impacted, damaging farmland and destroying a country road, which had to be relocated. Archaeological fieldwork was carried out at the site in May 2021, which led to the discovery of surviving remains from the original road; it should be treated as a cultural heritage site. The study further discusses how difficult it can be to capture and understand small-scale, localised disasters in the past, and the concept of the ‘disasterscape’ is proposed as a useful terminology in studying such events, with particular utility within the field of historical archaeology.

Sheep, which were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent about 10,000-12,000 years ago, have been a key resource for human populations ever since. We, however, know little about how they were domesticated, and what happened to them after their initial expansion from their domestication area into all corners of Eurasia and later Africa and the Americas. In this thesis I use state-of-the-art methods in population genetics and archaeogenetics to try to elucidate how sheep have evolved into the big diversity of modern breeds we see today and what demographic events shaped modern sheep genetic landscape in Europe. We were able to characterize the demographic history of three key locations in Europe for sheep: Iberia, the Baltic region and the Mediterranean islands. Our results confirm that the initial Neolithic expansion into Europe followed two independent routes, through the Danube-Rhine axis in Central Europe and sailing through the Mediterranean, and that mouflons from Corsica and Sardinia descend from this last early domestic sheep. We were also able to identify two independent expansions into Europe of Eastern ancestry, one related with archaic long wool, a phenotype retained by primitive European sheep breeds, and a later one associated with more modern woolly phenotypes. This last expansion, that occurred slightly before or during the Roman period in Iberia, didn’t reached the Baltic region, whose breeds are still to this day displaying primitive phenotypes. Lastly, we were able to describe the phylogeny of modern wild and feral mouflons from the Mediterranean and the Middle East. My thesis highlight the dynamic nature of the demographic history of sheep, and how responsive it has been to human demographic and cultural changes.

Exploring the impact of landslides on past human communities, their landscapes, and their material remains, this thesis focuses on the most landslide-prone region of Sweden: the Göta River Valley (Sw. Göta älvdalen). It is argued that through a multi-source methodology and by employing ideas concerning geoculturality and disasterscapes, we can begin to approach the lived experiences of both distant and recent history. The thesis further outlines the risk posed by landslides to cultural heritage and archaeological sites, a threat significantly exacerbated by ongoing processes of anthropogenic climate change. This compilation thesis contributes to the study of past hazards and disasters with relevance on both regional, national, and international levels. The comprehensive summary of the thesis provides both an overview of the field and an in-depth study of how landslides have been perceived and interacted with throughout time. Additionally, five research papers, each dealing with different aspects of landslide archaeology within Western Sweden from prehistory into the present day, address separate aspects of landslide archaeology. The first paper presents new dating evidence for the Late Iron Age trading site of Köpingen and, in turn, uses these results to provide a minimum age for a prehistoric landslide on the same site. The second paper outlines the research history of the great medieval landslide at Jordfallet, employing archival studies and legacy data to reassess its traditional dating. Most likely, the event occurred in the year 1249 AD, a conclusion with relevance for Scandinavian geopolitics in the Middle Ages. The third and fourth papers are historical-archaeological studies of two Early Modern disasters, the 1648 Intagan and 1703 Skrehall landslides, respectively, providing new understandings of these events. In the case of the former landslide, it is found to have left few easily identifiable archaeological traces behind, while newly discovered remains are

This report covers the sixth year of the UNESCO Chair on Heritage Futures at Linnaeus University. Among the highlights of the year were several global initiatives which our Chair could influence with its distinctive perspective on heritage futures that becomes ever better known. This included the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development MONDIACULT 2022 in Mexico City at the end of September. The conference established the significance of culture as a global public good and called for the inclusion of culture as a stand-along goal in the post-2030 international development agenda. One of the key contributions of futures thinking to global cultural policy is the notion of temporal interculturality, i. e. the mutability of culture and cultures over time, which was the topic of a panel I chaired at the Association of Critical Heritage Studies conference at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago de Chile in December 2023. The potential of cultural heritage for addressing the future challenges of climate change was addressed in an expert workshop to which I was invited at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, UK, at the end of March 2024. During the subsequent months, I was writing up my ideas about the "Climate Heritage Paradox"—using the future for rethinking global heritage management (p.13). A topic that remains significant in our work is memory across generations related to repositories of nuclear waste. In this context, Sarah May co-edited a new volume on Toxic heritage, and Anders Högberg and I published a paper on "Nuclear Waste as Critical Heritage" that in some ways constitutes a conclusion of our decade-long research on these issues. Among the research projects listed below is a range of exciting new empirical research Chair members have been involved in over the past year. There were also several opportunities to meet and collaborate with other UNESCO Chairholders from different corners of the world. These are, The UNESCO Chair Programme addresses pressing challenges in society. The Chairs serve as think tanks and bridge-builders between the academic world, civil society, local communities, research and policy-making, generating innovation through research, informing policy decisions, and establishing new teaching initiatives. The UNESCO Chair on Heritage Futures at Linnaeus University is one of eight UNESCO Chairs in Sweden and the only one in Sweden in the area of culture. The concept of 'Heritage Futures' stands at the intersection of past legacies and tomorrow's possibilities. How can our present-day conservation practices shape the world of tomorrow? It's not just about safeguarding relics of the past, but about making them resonate in an evolving world full of challenges. How can futures literacy and foresight help us design the heritage of tomorrow? We develop strategies that can enhance how heritage shapes the future and build global capacity for futures thinking among heritage professionals., UNESCO Chair on Heritage Futures

Denna rapport presenterar resultaten från Linnéuniversitetets arkeologiska Papmehl-Dufay (red.)undersökningar i Gamla Skogsby på västra Öland, som genomfördes i septemberoch oktober 2022. Deltog gjorde studenter från kurserna Arkeologi III ochAvancerad fältarkeologi samt arkeologen Sandra Lundholm från Kalmar länsmuseum. Ansvarig för undersökningen var universitetslektor Ludvig PapmehlDufay från Linnéuniversitetet. Resultaten ger nya inblickar i platsens forntidahemligheter, både rörande det hus från folkvandringstiden som undersöktssedan 2019 och andra delar av fornlämningsområdet.

The area in Södra Sallerup is, as far as we know, the only large-scale flint mining area in Sweden. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the flint was mined mainly during the Early Neolithic. It is clear, however, that the flint that was scattered throughout the area by the mining activity was used during later periods, even as late as the Viking and Medieval Periods. The large-scale mining during the Early Neolithic was probably related to the extraction of high-quality flint for the productio of point-butted axes. The concentration of these axes to south-west Scania and eastern Zealand points in this direction. However, it would be wrong to assume that the mines were merely ‘axe factories’, motivated by economic reasons only. The very extraction of flint from pits and shafts in the chalk was most probably socially and symbolically significant in itself. The activity was probably an integral part of the Early Neolithic mentality involving extraction of resources from the land on a scale that was not envisioned until the introduction of farming in this part of Scandinavia.

The 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention was created to contribute to peace and security in the world. However, contrary to the original intentions, world heritage sites are in practice not considered as the world's shared heritage but frequently championed by their respective nation-states which focus on distinguishing ‘our’ from ‘their’ heritage and thus reinforce existing divisions. In this chapter, I discuss what could be done to adopt a more people-centred approach to world heritage. One approach is to introduce participative decision-making in the selection process. Another is to adopt new criteria for selecting global world heritage that serve better the interests of humanity and indeed the original intentions of UNESCO with the Convention. I present some concrete suggestions for such criteria and three examples of world heritage that might then be selected.

I artikeln beskrivs nätverket Experimentellt kulturarvs första större projekt på Öland inom vilket arkeologer, konstnärer och kulturarbetare samverkade för genoförandet av konstnärliga gestaltningar av kulturarvsplatser i det öländska landskapet. Projektet började förberedas 2014 och genomfördes under 2016–18 tack vare finansiering från Familjen Kamprads Stiftelse, som möjliggjorde de konstnärliga gestaltningarna och det fördjupade samarbetet mellan arkeologer, konstnärer och kulturarbetare. Åtta kulturarvsplatser gestaltades för allmänheten. Resultatet av samarbetet visar hur kullturarvet ständigt tolkas och omtolkas och därmed utgör en värdefull förnyelsebar resurs i samhället., The article presents the network Experimental Heritage and its first major project on Öland, in which archaeologists, artists and cultural workers worked together to carry out artistic interpretations of cultural heritage sites in the Öland landscape. The project was prepared from 2014 onwards and was carried out in 2016–18 thanks to funding from the Kamprad Family Foundation, which enabled the artistic interpretations and the deepened collaboration between archaeologists, artists and cultural workers. Eight cultural heritage sites were interpreted and presented to the general public. The result of the collaboration shows how cultural heritage is constantly interpreted and reinterpreted and thus constitutes a valuable renewable resource in society.

Do archaeological remains represent static monuments, or do they remain ‘alive’in their natural and cultural landscapes? Emily Hanscam and Cornelius Holtorfdiscuss how Hadrian’s Wall and the Sycamore Gap tree can encourage us to rethinkthe relationships between humanity, nature, and the planet.

This report covers the sixth year of the UNESCO Chair on Heritage Futures at Linnaeus University. Among the highlights of the year were several global initiatives which our Chair could influence with its distinctive perspective on heritage futures that becomes ever better known. This included the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development MONDIACULT 2022 in Mexico City at the end of September. The conference established the significance of culture as a global public good and called for the inclusion of culture as a stand-along goal in the post-2030 international development agenda. One of the key contributions of futures thinking to global cultural policy is the notion of temporal interculturality, i. e. the mutability of culture and cultures over time, which was the topic of a panel I chaired at the Association of Critical Heritage Studies conference at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago de Chile in December 2023. The potential of cultural heritage for addressing the future challenges of climate change was addressed in an expert workshop to which I was invited at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, UK, at the end of March 2024. During the subsequent months, I was writing up my ideas about the "Climate Heritage Paradox"—using the future for rethinking global heritage management (p.13). A topic that remains significant in our work is memory across generations related to repositories of nuclear waste. In this context, Sarah May co-edited a new volume on Toxic heritage, and Anders Högberg and I published a paper on "Nuclear Waste as Critical Heritage" that in some ways constitutes a conclusion of our decade-long research on these issues. Among the research projects listed below is a range of exciting new empirical research Chair members have been involved in over the past year. There were also several opportunities to meet and collaborate with other UNESCO Chairholders from different corners of the world. These are, The UNESCO Chair Programme addresses pressing challenges in society. The Chairs serve as think tanks and bridge-builders between the academic world, civil society, local communities, research and policy-making, generating innovation through research, informing policy decisions, and establishing new teaching initiatives. The UNESCO Chair on Heritage Futures at Linnaeus University is one of eight UNESCO Chairs in Sweden and the only one in Sweden in the area of culture. The concept of 'Heritage Futures' stands at the intersection of past legacies and tomorrow's possibilities. How can our present-day conservation practices shape the world of tomorrow? It's not just about safeguarding relics of the past, but about making them resonate in an evolving world full of challenges. How can futures literacy and foresight help us design the heritage of tomorrow? We develop strategies that can enhance how heritage shapes the future and build global capacity for futures thinking among heritage professionals., UNESCO Chair on Heritage Futures