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Objectives: To evaluate the long-term anatomical and functional prognosis of patients with retinal detachment (RD) secondary to acute retinal necrosis (ARN) treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods: This retrospective case series included 21 eyes from 21 patients with RD secondary to ARN. The study analyzed vitreous or aqueous biopsy results, the impact of antiviral therapy, time to retinal detachment, changes in visual acuity (VA), and anatomical and surgical outcomes. All cases underwent 23-gauge PPV with silicone oil tamponade, and an episcleral encircling band was used in 11 cases. All patients received systemic antiviral therapy at diagnosis. Results: Retinal reattachment was achieved in 91% of cases during follow-up, with an average follow-up period of 39.5 ± 36.8 months. The average time from ARN diagnosis to RD onset was 33.3 ± 27.5 days. VZV was detected in 10 eyes through PCR analysis. Significant differences in visual prognosis were found between macula-off and macula-on RD (p = 0.048). Eyes with optic nerve head inflammation had worse final VA (p = 0.010). No significant difference was observed between preoperative VA and VA at the end of follow-up (p = 0.665). Conclusions: VZV was the primary virus associated with ARN-related RD. Early involvement of the macula and optic nerve in retinitis negatively impacted the final visual prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of the q11.2 band of chromosome 22. It may affect various systems, including the cardiovascular, immunological, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurocognitive systems. Additionally, several ocular manifestations have been described. Results: We report a case of a 34-year-old female diagnosed with 22q11.2DS who presented with visual discomfort and foreign body sensation in both eyes. She had no history of recurrent ocular pain. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination was performed, including anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal microscopy. Overall, the exams revealed bilateral corneal map-like lines, dots, and fingerprint patterns, consistent with a diagnosis of epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). In addition to presenting with this novel corneal manifestation for 22q11.2 DS, we review the ocular clinical features of 22q11.2DS in the context of our case. Conclusions: The EBMD may represent a new corneal manifestation associated with 22q11.2 syndrome, although the link between these conditions is unknown. Further research is warranted to investigate potentially shared genetic or molecular pathways to the understanding of the phenotypic variety observed among this rare syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate whether choroidal thickness (CT) is associated with persistent subretinal fluid (pSRF) after simple primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. Methods: This single‐centre, retrospective, observational study included patients who underwent RRD repair with at least 12‐month follow‐up. Preoperative and postoperative parameters were evaluated for association with pSRF. CT measurements were obtained at the central 1 mm area on enhanced depth imaging (EDI) OCT scans, using a semiautomatic method. Multiple logistic regression analyses were assessed to determine predictive factors for pSRF. Results: Overall, 100 eyes of 100 patients, mean age of 59.9 ± 12.6 years were included. pSRF was found in 21.0% of eyes and resolved over time in 85.7% of eyes at 12 months. In the pSRF group both RRD and fellow eyes showed lower mean choroidal and RPE thickness values as compared to those without pSRF (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between pSRF occurrence and choroidal thinning (p = 0.02). After multiple regression analyses, macula‐off RRD (p = 0.005) and scleral buckling (SB) technique (p = 0.001) were retained as final predictors for pSRF. In macula‐off SB eyes, detachment duration was the only factor associated with pSRF (p = 0.046). There were no significant differences in best‐corrected visual acuity outcomes between the pSRF and the no‐pSRF eyes. Conclusions: Patients with pSRF showed lower choroidal and RPE thickness as compared to those without pSRF. CT did not turn out to be a final predictor for pSRF, as this was mainly associated with macular involvement, surgical technique and detachment duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of a young male who developed bilateral panuveitis after extensive tattooing. Case report. A 22-year-old male with a history of inflamed tattoos presented with pain in both eyes and blurred vision in the left eye. Clinical examination showed ciliary congestion, flare, vitreous cells in both eyes, and posterior synechiae in the left eye. Optic nerve was swollen in both eyes. OCT scans demonstrated subretinal blood, associated with neurosensory macular detachment in the left eye. The skin tattoo biopsy showed a granulomatous inflammation without evidence of sarcoidosis. Long-term corticosteroid therapy allowed a regression of clinical signs and symptoms with full recovery. TAttoo Granulomas with Uveitis (TAGU) is a syndrome with numerous clinical presentations. In our case, optic nerve head oedema and subretinal hemorrhage at the posterior pole were the presentation signs. Ophthalmologists should always consider TAGU as a diagnosis in patients with a history of inflamed tattoos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression by targeting specific messenger RNA (mRNA). This interaction modulates mRNA stability or translational efficiency, ultimately impacting the level of protein production. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs act as critical regulators in corneal diseases. These molecules finetune key processes like cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and wound healing. We reviewed the literature to understand the role that miRNAs may play in the development of challenging and poorly understood corneal diseases. We focused on vernal keratoconjunctivitis, neurotrophic keratitis, keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and limbal stem cell deficiency. Furthermore, we explored currently studied agonists or antagonists of miRNAs that share similar pathways with ocular diseases and could be employed in ophthalmology in the future. The distinct miRNA expression profiles observed in different ocular surface pathologies, combined with the remarkable stability and relatively easy access of miRNA sampling in biofluids, present possibilities for the development of noninvasive and highly accurate diagnostic tools. Furthermore, comprehending miRNA's pathophysiological role could open new frontiers to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology underlying ocular surface diseases, thereby paving the way for the creation of novel therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]