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We present state of the art for microLED materials, devices, and reliability. We show performance efficiencies as a function of current density and device size for InGaN Red, Green, and Blue and AlInGaP Red materials and breakdown EQE into constituent IQE and extraction efficiency. We also present reliability results for these structures across all materials systems. We then review several concurrently developed technologies that serve to maximize microLED performance in application use.

The article presents the discussion on Federal Circuit recently dissented from the denial of a petition for rehearing en banc in Biogen v. Mylan. Topics include description in a patent filing entitling the inventor in securing exclusive rights to the described invention; and one opportunity for getting the law on written description more harmonized as among the judges on the court.

Changes in the US' patent laws will be implemented starting Jun. 1995, with further changes to follow by the end of the year. Among the changes are a new 20-year patent term and provisional patent application. The changes comply with the new patent law standards agreed upon during the Uruguay Round of the GATT. They are expected to significantly benefit chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

This paper presents state of the art for materials and devices for use in low‐power wearable displays. We present efficiencies for InGaN‐R, G, B, and AllnGaP‐R materials, as well as the dependence of performance on current density and emitter size. We further show how display efficiency can benefit from the presented level of microLED performance and contrast various material systems and optimal driving conditions for different display sizes and applications.

Kristin Jones' Nov. 26 column, 'Patent reform is mixed bag for life sciences,' offered views on the impact of the new patent law, the America Invents Act, on large and [...]

A new back-analysis method is suggested to assess the bonding condition between bituminous layers in addition to the pavement layer stiffnesses, from Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test results. The shear bond stiffness at the interface is considered as a variable affecting the FWD deflections and therefore back-calculated in a similar manner to a layer stiffness. A sensitivity analysis carried out on theoretical pavements showed that, assuming full bonding between bituminous layers instead of the actual values will change the FWD back-analysed bituminous and sub-base stiffnesses by up to 50% and will not affect the sub-grade stiffness.Case studies are presented describing the evaluation of several flexible pavements using the new back-analysis process. Poor bonding was suspected between the bituminous layers due to the following reasons; i) the conventional back-analysis method predicted low effective stiffness for the bituminous layers, ii) separation of the layers during coring was noticed, iii) acceptable laboratory measured bituminous stiffnesses were found.Re-testing the above pavements after six months indicated an improvement of bonding condition between bituminous layers after trafficking and at higher testing temperatures.

The author discusses the aspects of the patent-eligibility appeal of the U.S. Supreme Court on the Bilski, Prometheus, and Mayo case. He is critical of the measures undertaken by the nine Justices on the ruling decision. Also investigated is the nature of the subject or the invention and its eligibility in relation to the patent system. The author believes that a sole claim is not a sufficient basis for qualifying such product for patenting.

The author suggests improvements to the Leahy-Smith American Invents Act. The author states that it will be better to eliminate the oath or declaration requirement and replace it with an explicit requirement that the patent applicant must name the inventor. He claims that the option for a patent applicant to opt out of mandatory publication of pending application for patent at 18 months after the initial filing should be eliminated. He adds that the best mode requirement should be removed.

The article discusses the U.S. patent law, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA), and its societal and global implications. It notes the efforts of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on consensus practices regarding issues on inventor-to-file principle. It states that Europe and the U.S. define an invention to bee sufficiently differentiated from the previous form of art to be effectively patented.

The article discusses the enactment of the America Invents Act (AIA), which has completed the reversal of the premises for patenting in the U.S. It notes that almost everything needed for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to issue a valid patent under AIA's patenting rules will come from sources of information disclosed to the public. All references to deceptive intent are removed from the patent statute.

The article offers information on the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of the U.S. It is said that U.S. president Barack Obama has signed into law the most significant new patent legislation of this young century. The Act has now added three new procedures to U.S. patent law. It will allow the public to raise any issue of patentability in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.