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Objective: To assess the quality of life and functional status of patients who have undergone hemimandibulectomy based on the type of reconstructive procedure performed.Study Design: Survey, retrospective.Methods: Twenty-one patients who had undergone hemimandibulectomy and had similar defects were divided into two groups based on the reconstructive technique utilized. Eleven patients were placed in the soft tissue reconstruction group. Ten patients were placed in the mandible reconstruction group. All patients were assessed for: function, utilizing the Performance Status Scale, and quality of life, using a general cancer questionnaire (FACT-G) and a series of questions specific for head and neck cancer patients.Results: Mandible reconstruction produced a perceived better physical appearance (P = .02), better eating ability (P = .04), and a better overall quality of life (P = .002). The mandible reconstruction cohort consistently outscored the soft tissue cohort on all questionnaires.Conclusion: Restoration of mandibular continuity after hemimandibulectomy leads to improved function and a superior quality of life in appropriately selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disorder is known to have a profound influence on classical phase transitions, and it is anticipated to be even more important for quantum phase transitions. However, experimental investigation of the influence of disorder on phase transitions normally requires numerous samples over the range of disorder. Here, we investigate the field-driven quantum phase transition in the antiferromagnet LiErF 4 . The isotopic distribution of natural Er permits us to probe the transition in the clean and dirty regimes in the same sample. 167 Er, with non-zero nuclear spin on 23% of the Er sites, induces random mass disorder in the dirty (low-temperature) regime. We use specific heat and ac magnetic susceptibility experiments to identify a crossover between the two regimes at T = 150 mK. The critical behavior is consistent with a violation of the Harris criterion in the clean regime and a change of universality class in the dirty regime., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Intrathecal morphine is frequently administered after cesarean delivery to provide pain relief lasting up to 24 h. An enhanced recovery after cesarean pathways reduces the amount of postoperative opioids needed. The ideal dose of intrathecal morphine when combined with a pathway has not been determined., Methods: This was a non-inferiority trial in 72 healthy women undergoing a scheduled cesarean delivery. Women were randomized to receive either 50 mcg, 150 mcg, or 250 mcg of intrathecal morphine during spinal anesthesia, with a standardized postoperative enhanced recovery pathway. The time to request supplemental opioids was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, side effects, and quality of recovery at 24 h., Results: The duration of analgesia with 50 mcg of morphine (median 24.5 h [IQR: 3.5-34.4]) was inferior to 150 mcg (29.4 h [24.5-72]), and both doses were inferior to 250 mcg (32 h [30.5-72]). Women who received 50 mcg morphine had higher pain scores than the other doses, received more supplemental opioids, and had lower quality recovery scores. The secondary outcomes between 150 mcg and 250 mcg were similar. Side effects were similar among all groups. 63% of women who received 250 mcg remained opioid-free at 72 h, compared to 150 mcg (52%) and 50 mcg (30%)., Conclusions: The duration of analgesia using intrathecal morphine with an enhanced recovery pathway was longer with 250 mcg than with lower doses, and side effects were similar. 50 mcg provided inferior pain relief over 24 h. More than half of our patients avoided additional opioids for up to 72 h with either 150 mcg or 250 mcg doses., Registration: Clinical trial number NCT05069012., (Copyright © 2023 Société française d'anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Children with amplified musculoskeletal pain (AMPS) experience significant functional disability, with impairment in their ability to participate in age-appropriate activities of daily living. Parental factors play an important role in a child's pain symptoms and treatment outcomes, with parental pain catastrophizing and protective behaviors linked to several maladaptive outcomes for children. Aims of the current study were to examine how parental pain catastrophizing, child pain catastrophizing, and parental protective behaviors longitudinally impacted functional disability for children with AMPS., Methods: Archival data were examined from parent-child dyads presenting to a tertiary pain clinic for treatment of AMPS. Over 1 year, parents completed measures assessing the level of pain catastrophizing, common behavioral responses to child pain, and child functional disability. Children completed measures of pain catastrophizing and functional disability. Measures were collected at initial evaluation, 6-months, and 12-months. Latent growth models (LGM) were conducted to examine how to study variables longitudinally impacted the rate of change in child functional disability., Results: Examining a comprehensive LGM of study variables, parental catastrophizing emerged as the sole contributing factor to slower improvement in functional disability., Conclusions: The strong influence of parental pain catastrophizing on functional disability may relate to parents limiting behaviors that promote adaptive coping in children with pain. As such, parents who catastrophize may benefit from specific interventions to increase their use of adaptive behavioral responses, such as redirecting children to complete functional activities and encouraging the use of positive coping skills for pain-related distress., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology.)

Previous research has found that women at peak fertility show greater interest in extra-pair sex. However, recent replications have failed to detect this effect. In this study, we add to this ongoing debate by testing whether sociosexuality (the willingness to have sex in the absence of commitment) is higher in women who are at peak fertility. A sample of normally ovulating women ( N = 773) completed a measure of sociosexuality and had their current fertility status estimated using the backward counting method. Contrary to our hypothesis, current fertility was unrelated to sociosexual attitudes and desires, even when relationship status was included as a moderator. These findings raise further doubts about the association between fertility and desire for extra-pair sex.

This research assessed the feasibility of Social Communication Anxiety Treatment (S-CAT) developed by Elisa Shipon-Blum, a brief multimodal approach, to increase social communication in 40 children aged 5-12 years with selective mutism (SM). SM is a disorder in which children consistently fail to speak in specific situations although they have the ability to do so. Key features of this approach are the SM-Social Communication Comfort Scale (SCCS), transfer of control (ToC), a nonchalant therapeutic style, and cognitive-behavioral strategies over a brief time frame. Following 9 weeks of treatment, children showed significant gains in speaking frequency on all 17 items from the Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ), a standardized measure of SM severity. Children also showed decreased levels of anxiety and withdrawal as reported by parents on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). SM initial symptom severity and family therapy compliance, but not duration of SM, contributed to treatment outcomes.

Objective: To explore the perceived needs, obstacles to services, psychological distress and social problem-solving abilities of family members of persons with ABI at a post-acute community-based brain injury rehabilitation facility and offer suggestions for methods of assessment and providing support., Participants: Twenty-nine family members who did not provide daily care, but were involved in the care process., Design: Participants completed self-report questionnaires including the FNQ:R, SOS, DASS-21, WHO-QOL BREF and SPSI:R-S., Results: Participants reported informational and professional needs as most met and involvement in care, instrumental support and emotional support as most unmet. Most were satisfied with the amount of professional help and services and had confidence in the quality of care. Nearly half of the family members felt there were few ABI-related resources in the community and one third were unaware of good ABI treatment resources in their community. Psychosocial functioning was generally average., Conclusion: Family members who do not provide daily care are still impacted by the neurobehavioural changes that progress throughout the long-term, post-acute community phase. This study offers suggestions regarding an effective methodology for assessing family needs and recommends accessible and practical supports.

Labour analgesia initiated using a combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique may reduce subsequent epidural bupivacaine requirements compared with an epidural-only technique. We compared the minimum local analgesic concentrations (MLAC) of epidural bupivacaine following initial intrathecal or epidural injection. In a prospective, double-blind study, 115 women requesting epidural analgesia were randomly assigned to receive either an epidural with bupivacaine 20 mg and fentanyl 40 μg or a CSE with intrathecal bupivacaine 2.5 mg and fentanyl 5 μg. Analgesia was assessed using a visual analogue pain score. When further analgesia was requested, bupivacaine 20 ml was given, and the concentration was determined using the technique of up-down sequential allocation. The MLAC of bupivacaine in the epidural group was 0.032% wt/vol (95% CI 0.020-0.044) compared with 0.047% wt/vol (95% CI 0.042-0.052) in the CSE group. Bupivacaine requirements for the second injection were increased following intrathecal analgesia by a factor of 1.45 (p = 0.026) compared with epidural analgesia., (Anaesthesia © 2012 The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.)

Feed intake, weaning weight and direct and maternal contributions to weaning weight were estimated for four breeding systems using data collected between 1979 and 1986 from 773 cow-calf pairs at the Elora Beef Research Centre. Breeding systems included purebred Hereford (HE), small rotational dual purpose (SR) (a four-way rotational crossing system utilizing Tarentaise, Angus, Gelbvieh and Pinzgauer breeds), large rotational beef (LR) (composed of Maine-Anjou, Simmental and Charolais) and Angus-sired large rotational beef (AL) utilizing Angus as the sire breed and LR as the maternal breed. Large rotational dams had the highest feed intakes for both dry (8.9 kg DM/d) and lactation (11.5 kg DM/d) periods. Conversely, HE calves consumed the greatest amounts of creep feed (309 kg DM), followed by AL, SR and LR. The large rotational system had the highest weaning weights (265 kg) and direct (12.3 kg greater than average of observations) and maternal (9.6 kg greater than average of observations) contributions to weaning weight, followed by AL, SR and HE for all three traits. An equation was derived for net returns that included parameters for feed intake and direct and maternal weaning weight. A linear programming model was designed to incorporate this equation as the objective function and determine the breeding system(s) that maximized net returns under various production conditions. In general, LR produced the greatest net returns, followed by SR and either AL or HE, depending on specific resource constraints (limited feed supply or herd size) included in the model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Net returns were defined as a function of the monetary returns (revenue) generated by the outputs less the monetary costs generated by the variable inputs. Outputs included total weaning weights of steers and heifers, weight of cull cows and weight of open heifers. Inputs included both feed and nonfeed costs. The net returns equation was incorporated as the objective function in a linear programming model. By maximizing the objective function, the breeding system that generated the highest net returns could be identified considering certain resource constraints. Breeding systems included purebred Herefords; small rotational dual purpose (SR), utilizing the breeds Angus, Pinzgauer, Gelbvieh and Tarentaise; large rotational (LR), a three-way rotational cross with the breeds Charolais, Simmental and Maine-Anjou; and Angus-sired terminal (AL) utilizing Angus as the sire breed and LR heifers as the maternal breed. Large rotational generally produced the greatest net returns, followed by SR and either AL or HE, depending on specific resource constraints (limited feed supply or herd size), calving rates, management systems, environment, beef to feed price ratios and purchased or farm-produced (inexpensive) feed utilized. Only under the conditions of a herd size constraint and farm-produced feed did AL exceed SR in net returns. Hereford had larger net returns than LR only when the two breeding systems were evaluated in an environment assumed to be reproductively stressful to LR. Ranking of breeding systems were dependent on specific conditions and indicated that one must consider each resource constraint and environment in which cattle are expected to produce before making breeding system recommendations.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of the supine and prone position on concentric and eccentric isokinetic strength of the hamstring muscle group. Twelve university female lacrosse players were tested for hamstring average torque on a Kinetic Communicator(R) dynamometer at 60 degrees /sec from the supine and prone positions. Analysis of variance indicated average torque generated from the prone was greater than the supine position. Greater torque was also generated during eccentric contraction than during concentric contraction. The influence of the tonic labyrinthine and the symmetrical tonic neck reflexes is proposed as the mechanism for the differences observed between the two test positions. The prone position facilitates optimal generation of torque while approximating a length-tension relationship observed during sprinting. These findings suggest consideration be given to assessment and strength training of the hamstring muscle group in the prone position. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1990;11(10):449-452.