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1. A live mindset in Live Virtual Constructive simulations : a spin-up for future LVC air combat training

Author

Aronsson, S., Artman, Henrik, Mitchell, M., Ramberg, R., Woltjer, R., Aronsson, S., Artman, Henrik, Mitchell, M., Ramberg, R., and Woltjer, R.

Abstract

Combining Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) aircraft in the same training scenario holds promise for developing and enhancing fighter pilot training. The simulator study reported here builds on joint pilot-researcher co-design work of beyond visual range LVC training (LVC-T) scenarios to provide training value to pilots in both Live and Virtual aircraft. One fourship of pilots simulated Live entities by acting under peacetime restrictions, while other pilots acted as during regular Virtual training. The objective was to investigate pilots’ reflections on the implications of LVC-T and on the methodology used to provide hands-on experience of a plausible LVC-T scenario. The purpose is to inform the design and use of future LVC in air combat training from the perspective of training value. Results indicate that pilots are positive toward the LVC scenario design, especially the dynamics that a large-scale scenario brings to training of decision making. They indicate a high degree of presence, the need for specific regulations to enforce flight safety, and that restrictions put on the simulated Live entities had implications for the other pilots. In addition to regular Live (L) and simulator (V + C) training, LVC-T may enhance pilots’ repertoires and decision-making patterns., QC 20230404

Published
2022
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2. Effect of hydrolyzed infant formula vs conventional formula on risk of type 1 diabetes the TRIGR randomized clinical trial

Author

Knip M., Akerblom H. K., Altaji E., Becker D., Bruining J., Castano L., Danne T., De Beaufort C., Dosch H. -M., Dupre J., Fraser W. D., Howard N., Ilonen J., Konrad D., Kordonouri O., Krischer J. P., Lawson M. L., Ludvigsson J., Madacsy L., Mahon J. L., Ormisson A., Palmer J. P., Pozzilli P., Savilahti E., Serrano-Rios M., Songini M., Taback S., Vaarala O., White N. H., Virtanen S. M., Wasikowa R., Mandrup-Poulsen T., Arjas E., Lernmark A., Laara E., Schmidt B., Hyytinen M., Koski K., Koski M., Merentie K., Pajakkala E., Reunanen A., Salonen M., Terhonen T., Virkkunen S., Cuthbertson D., Gainer B., Hadley D., Malloy J., Nallamshetty L., Shanker L., Bradley B., Lough G., Fraser W., Sermer M., Taback S. P., Franciscus M., Nucci A., Palmer J., Alahuhta K., Barlund S., Korhonen T., Kovanen L., Lehtonen E., Niinisto S., Pekkala M., Sorkio S., Toivanen L., Vahatalo L., Uusitalo U., Ohman T., Bongiorno R., Catteau J., Fraser G., Lloyd M., Crock P., Giles M., Siech K., See D. W., Brown C., Craig M., Johnston A., Bere L. J., Clarson C. L., Jenner M., McManus R., Renato N., Lovell M., Higo D., Kent N., Kwan J., Marshall C., Metzger D., Chanoine J. -P., Stewart L., Thompson D., Edwards A., Lange I., Mercer J., Pacaud D., Josephine H., Schwarz W., Stephure D. K., Boer J., Chatur T., Chick C., Couch B., Demianczuk N., Girgis R., Marks S., Ryan E., Thompson M., Dean H. J., Grant L., Hamelin K., LaForte J., Murphy L., Catte D., Schneider C., Sellers E. A. C., Woo V., Boland A., Clark H. D., Cooper T., Gruslin A., Karovitch A., Keely E., Malcolm J. C., Sauro V., Tawagi G. F., Andrighetti S., Arnold G., Barrett J., Blumer I., Daneman D., Donat D., Ehrlich R., Feig D., Gottesman I., Gysler M., Karkanis S., Kenshole A., Knight B., Lackie E., Lewis V., Martin M. J., Maxwell C., Oliver G., Panchum P., Shilletto N., Simone A., Skidmore M., Turrini T., Wong S., Allen C., Belanger L., Bouchard I., Ferland S., Frenette L., Garrido-Russo M., Leblanc M., Imbeault J., Morin V., Olivier G., Weisnagell J., Costain G., Dornan J., Heath K., MacSween M. -C., McGibbon A., Ramsay C., Sanderson F., Sanderson S., Benabdesselam L., Gonthier M., Huot C., Thibeault M., Laforte D., Legault L., Perron P., Armson A., Canning P., Cummings E. A., Ivanko V., McLeod L., Mokashi A., Scott K., Bridger T., Crane J., Crummell C., Curtis J. C., Dawson C., Joyce C., Newhook L. A., Newman S., Druken E., Begum-Hasan J., Breen A., Houlden R., Woods M., Carrson G., Kelly S., Martel M. J., Penner M., Sankaran K., Hardy-Brown K., King N., White R. A., Park M., Popkin J., Robson L., Coles K., Al Taji E., Cerna M., Cerny M., Francova H., Hainerova I., Kothankova H., Koukalova R., Krakorova V., Mendlova P., Sitova R., Stechova K., Vavrinec J., Vosahlo J., Zlatohlavkova B., Brazdova L., Faksova P., Gregorova D., Kantor L., Malkova K., Venhacova J., Venhacova P., Cipra A., Skvor J., Budejovice C., Tomsikova Z., Botkova-Krauseova H., Mockova A., Paterova P., Gogelova P., Kandrnalova J., Einberg U., Jakovlev U., Posiadlo S., Rannaste E., Raukas R., Riikjarv M. -A., Valla K., Astover V., Kirss A., Retpap J., Taht E., Tillmann V., Vahtra S., Heikkila M., Hirvasniemi M., Luopajarvi K., Johansson S., Kleemola P., Laukkanen E., Parkkola A., Pigg H. -M., Puttonen H., Renlund M., Salonen K., Suomalainen H., Tenkula T., Teramo K., Jarvenpaa A. -L., Hamalainen A. -M., Jussila R., Kiiveri S., Haavisto H., Holopainen S., Kupiainen H., Leeve T., Lumme K., Nironen T., Tenhola S., Tiilikainen T., Keinonen H., Lautala P., Salonen P., Vesanto M., Aspholm A. S., Asunta P., Ikavalko H., Jason E., Jaminki S., Kekki P., Koskinen M., Lehtimaki S., Lahde J., Makela M., Peltoniemi S., Poutiainen L., Ranta K., Salonsaari T., Sarviharju-Tujula S. -L., Selvenius J., Siljander H., Haanpaa P. -L., Holm C., Juutilainen A., Jarvelainen V., Kangaskolkka-Keskilohko A. -M., Laino E., Marjamaki L., Suominen E., Ylitalo S., Hokkanen M., Lounamaa R., Matikainen M., Nuuja A., Paalanen I., Puupponen A. R., Salo-Edwards H., Alanne S., Kultti T., Linjama H., Muhonen K., Vaaraniemi M., Talvitie T., Backman M., Hanhijarvi R., Koivula P., Lindstrom K., Martikainen A., Nurmi P., Bjork A., Huopio H., Komulainen J., Lehtomaki S., Muikku E., Pesola J., Sankilampi U., Arkkola T., Hekkala A., Jurvakainen S., Koivikko M. -L., Kahonen M., Leinonen E., Mykkanen T., Pohjola H., Riikonen K., Niittyvuopio A., Stenius A., Tapanainen P., Veijola R., Alar A., Jovio S., Korpela P., Makinen E., Hietanen L., Kivisto J., Kaar M. -L., Lehtimaki P., Mustila T., Popov E., Saatela S., Taittonen L., Ahtiainen K., Laaksonen N., Luoto M., Viitala J., Virransalo R., Nykanen P., Paajanen S., Parkkinen S., Pyrhonen H., Sarkka T., Aschemeier B., Bektas S., Biester T., Datz N., Deiss D., Fath M., Lupke K., Muller B., Nestoris C., Rothes S., Sadeghian E., Semler K., Arato A., Krikovszky D., Nobilis A., Szenasi J., Benevento D., Anguissola G. B., Biagioni M., Bizzarri C., Cherubini V., Ferrito L., Giordano C., Giorgetti C., Khazrai Y. M., Kyanvash S., Maddaloni E., Napoli A., Piergiovanni F., Pitocco D., Suraci T., Tabacco G., Valente L., Visalli N., Carboni M. B., Cavallo R., Cau V., Isola C., Ledda A., Loddo M., Mannu C., Pettinau M., Pisano S., Porceddu M., Putzu C., Rita A., Peters D., Schierloh U., Bisschoff M., Blonk L., Lappenschaar T., Manai B., Seesink M., Sperling-Conrad M., Verhagen M., Zoethout J. A., Basiak A., Chalas M., Chesiak M., Gramza A., Iwankiewicz J., Sieradzan E., Wikiera B., Ciechanowska M., Dziatkowiak H., Futona B., Gorska A., Glowacka-Wony M., Kaim I., Klich B., Starzyk J., Wolanin M., Tokarska L., Chucherco D., Deja G., Firek-Pedras M., Jarosz-Chobot P., Kalina M., Kutrowska-Adamusiak K., Minkina-Pedras M., Muchaka-Bianga M., Bodalski J., Mlynarski W., Szadkowska A., Cieslak A., Cypryk K., Dziatosz K., Jastzebowska J., Krysiak A., Szymanska U., Wilcznski J., Zawodniak-Szalapska M., Aguay A., Bilbao J. R., Chueca M., Cortazar A., Echarte G., Frutos T. G., Jimenez P., Martul P., Moreno A., Oyarzabal M., Rica I., Salgado Y., Martinez-Larrad M. T., Hawkins F. G., Hernandez R., Herranz L., Pallardo L. F., Deibarra L. S., Fernandez B. H., Luis J. L., Ortiz-Quintana L., Recarte P. P., Arnau D. R., Aronsson L., Boden S., Fredriksson J., Isacsson E., Johansson I., Karlsson E., Lock C., Sandstrom A. -M., Konefal M. S., Andreasson C., Dahlstrom U., Hanas R., Lundqvist K., Windell L., Jansson I., Karlsson A. -K., Lindbladh B., Odenman I., Pettersson C., Sundberg F., Sundqvist M., Aronsson S., Bellman I., Bengtsson A. -B., Lyden G. -B., Nilsson N. -O., Soderblom M., Unt C., Augustsson M., Bengtsson M., Fors H., Helmrich A., Johansson T. O., Andersson A. -C., Boiard-Stomlid A., Hellgren G., Kallsholm H., Lindqvist J., Nilsson M., Nordwall M., Stromstedt C., Ahsberg C., Lindh A., Lindhe C., Samuelsson C., Wiik A., Edenwall H., Ljumgcrantz M., Persson I. -B., Strigard E., Svensson B. -L., Aman J., Breivik G. -E., Detlofsson I. -L., Kroon M., Sarnblad S., Johansson C., Ilvered R., Lundberg A., Akesson K., Beccarelli A., Gadient M., Rappold-Amrein C., Schoenle E., Daftary A., Damagro-Elias M. E., Gilmour C., Klein M. B., Lain C., Salerno D., Smith M. E., Vats K., Pfaff D. J., Malone P., Mansfield P., Munns M., Nickel K., Pompilio K., Siemion W., Taculad R., Van Horn K., Zdanadewic M., Chambliss C., Jones J., Sadler M., Tanner-Blasiar M., Bell C., Camper N., Devaskar S., Devaskar U., Horowitz H., Rogers L., Shannahan R., Silk K., Bermudez Z., Colon R., Frazer T., Martinez-Nieves B., Torres J., Vega J., Chan M., Cook S., Goland R., Greenberg E., Jules N., Montes J., Nelson M., Parra-Valencia Z., Schachner H., Softness B., Kiviniemi M., Suomenin R., Alexander A., Hyrckowian E., Nichol L., Trucco M., Karjalainen E., Louhio T., Sarnesto A., Valtonen E., Davydova B., Helander S., Hamalainen J., Harkonen T., Joutsjoki L., Kararic M., Latva-Koivisto M., Lonn E., Nurmi T., Ollila I., Rinkinen J., Ronkainen M., Tukiainen H., Cederlof A., Kiikeri M., Tsupari S., Cheng R., Bryant K., Chan Y., Maezawa Y., Paltser G., Rasavi R., Tsui H., Winer S., Wu P., Yantha J., Pediatrics, Knip M., Akerblom H.K., Altaji E., Becker D., Bruining J., Castano L., Danne T., De Beaufort C., Dosch H.-M., Dupre J., Fraser W.D., Howard N., Ilonen J., Konrad D., Kordonouri O., Krischer J.P., Lawson M.L., Ludvigsson J., Madacsy L., Mahon J.L., Ormisson A., Palmer J.P., Pozzilli P., Savilahti E., Serrano-Rios M., Songini M., Taback S., Vaarala O., White N.H., Virtanen S.M., Wasikowa R., Mandrup-Poulsen T., Arjas E., Lernmark A., Laara E., Schmidt B., Hyytinen M., Koski K., Koski M., Merentie K., Pajakkala E., Reunanen A., Salonen M., Terhonen T., Virkkunen S., Cuthbertson D., Gainer B., Hadley D., Malloy J., Nallamshetty L., Shanker L., Bradley B., Lough G., Fraser W., Sermer M., Taback S.P., Franciscus M., Nucci A., Palmer J., Alahuhta K., Barlund S., Korhonen T., Kovanen L., Lehtonen E., Niinisto S., Pekkala M., Sorkio S., Toivanen L., Vahatalo L., Uusitalo U., Ohman T., Bongiorno R., Catteau J., Fraser G., Lloyd M., Crock P., Giles M., Siech K., See D.W., Brown C., Craig M., Johnston A., Bere L.J., Clarson C.L., Jenner M., McManus R., Renato N., Lovell M., Higo D., Kent N., Kwan J., Marshall C., Metzger D., Chanoine J.-P., Stewart L., Thompson D., Edwards A., Lange I., Mercer J., Pacaud D., Josephine H., Schwarz W., Stephure D.K., Boer J., Chatur T., Chick C., Couch B., Demianczuk N., Girgis R., Marks S., Ryan E., Thompson M., Dean H.J., Grant L., Hamelin K., LaForte J., Murphy L., Catte D., Schneider C., Sellers E.A.C., Woo V., Boland A., Clark H.D., Cooper T., Gruslin A., Karovitch A., Keely E., Malcolm J.C., Sauro V., Tawagi G.F., Andrighetti S., Arnold G., Barrett J., Blumer I., Daneman D., Donat D., Ehrlich R., Feig D., Gottesman I., Gysler M., Karkanis S., Kenshole A., Knight B., Lackie E., Lewis V., Martin M.J., Maxwell C., Oliver G., Panchum P., Shilletto N., Simone A., Skidmore M., Turrini T., Wong S., Allen C., Belanger L., Bouchard I., Ferland S., Frenette L., Garrido-Russo M., Leblanc M., Imbeault J., Morin V., Olivier G., Weisnagell J., Costain G., Dornan J., Heath K., MacSween M.-C., McGibbon A., Ramsay C., Sanderson F., Sanderson S., Benabdesselam L., Gonthier M., Huot C., Thibeault M., Laforte D., Legault L., Perron P., Armson A., Canning P., Cummings E.A., Ivanko V., McLeod L., Mokashi A., Scott K., Bridger T., Crane J., Crummell C., Curtis J.C., Dawson C., Joyce C., Newhook L.A., Newman S., Druken E., Begum-Hasan J., Breen A., Houlden R., Woods M., Carrson G., Kelly S., Martel M.J., Penner M., Sankaran K., Hardy-Brown K., King N., White R.A., Park M., Popkin J., Robson L., Coles K., Al Taji E., Cerna M., Cerny M., Francova H., Hainerova I., Kothankova H., Koukalova R., Krakorova V., Mendlova P., Sitova R., Stechova K., Vavrinec J., Vosahlo J., Zlatohlavkova B., Brazdova L., Faksova P., Gregorova D., Kantor L., Malkova K., Venhacova J., Venhacova P., Cipra A., Skvor J., Budejovice C., Tomsikova Z., Botkova-Krauseova H., Mockova A., Paterova P., Gogelova P., Kandrnalova J., Einberg U., Jakovlev U., Posiadlo S., Rannaste E., Raukas R., Riikjarv M.-A., Valla K., Astover V., Kirss A., Retpap J., Taht E., Tillmann V., Vahtra S., Heikkila M., Hirvasniemi M., Luopajarvi K., Johansson S., Kleemola P., Laukkanen E., Parkkola A., Pigg H.-M., Puttonen H., Renlund M., Salonen K., Suomalainen H., Tenkula T., Teramo K., Jarvenpaa A.-L., Hamalainen A.-M., Jussila R., Kiiveri S., Haavisto H., Holopainen S., Kupiainen H., Leeve T., Lumme K., Nironen T., Tenhola S., Tiilikainen T., Keinonen H., Lautala P., Salonen P., Vesanto M., Aspholm A.S., Asunta P., Ikavalko H., Jason E., Jaminki S., Kekki P., Koskinen M., Lehtimaki S., Lahde J., Makela M., Peltoniemi S., Poutiainen L., Ranta K., Salonsaari T., Sarviharju-Tujula S.-L., Selvenius J., Siljander H., Haanpaa P.-L., Holm C., Juutilainen A., Jarvelainen V., Kangaskolkka-Keskilohko A.-M., Laino E., Marjamaki L., Suominen E., Ylitalo S., Hokkanen M., Lounamaa R., Matikainen M., Nuuja A., Paalanen I., Puupponen A.R., Salo-Edwards H., Alanne S., Kultti T., Linjama H., Muhonen K., Vaaraniemi M., Talvitie T., Backman M., Hanhijarvi R., Koivula P., Lindstrom K., Martikainen A., Nurmi P., Bjork A., Huopio H., Komulainen J., Lehtomaki S., Muikku E., Pesola J., Sankilampi U., Arkkola T., Hekkala A., Jurvakainen S., Koivikko M.-L., Kahonen M., Leinonen E., Mykkanen T., Pohjola H., Riikonen K., Niittyvuopio A., Stenius A., Tapanainen P., Veijola R., Alar A., Jovio S., Korpela P., Makinen E., Hietanen L., Kivisto J., Kaar M.-L., Lehtimaki P., Mustila T., Popov E., Saatela S., Taittonen L., Ahtiainen K., Laaksonen N., Luoto M., Viitala J., Virransalo R., Nykanen P., Paajanen S., Parkkinen S., Pyrhonen H., Sarkka T., Aschemeier B., Bektas S., Biester T., Datz N., Deiss D., Fath M., Lupke K., Muller B., Nestoris C., Rothes S., Sadeghian E., Semler K., Arato A., Krikovszky D., Nobilis A., Szenasi J., Benevento D., Anguissola G.B., Biagioni M., Bizzarri C., Cherubini V., Ferrito L., Giordano C., Giorgetti C., Khazrai Y.M., Kyanvash S., Maddaloni E., Napoli A., Piergiovanni F., Pitocco D., Suraci T., Tabacco G., Valente L., Visalli N., Carboni M.B., Cavallo R., Cau V., Isola C., Ledda A., Loddo M., Mannu C., Pettinau M., Pisano S., Porceddu M., Putzu C., Rita A., Peters D., Schierloh U., Bisschoff M., Blonk L., Lappenschaar T., Manai B., Seesink M., Sperling-Conrad M., Verhagen M., Zoethout J.A., Basiak A., Chalas M., Chesiak M., Gramza A., Iwankiewicz J., Sieradzan E., Wikiera B., Ciechanowska M., Dziatkowiak H., Futona B., Gorska A., Glowacka-Wony M., Kaim I., Klich B., Starzyk J., Wolanin M., Tokarska L., Chucherco D., Deja G., Firek-Pedras M., Jarosz-Chobot P., Kalina M., Kutrowska-Adamusiak K., Minkina-Pedras M., Muchaka-Bianga M., Bodalski J., Mlynarski W., Szadkowska A., Cieslak A., Cypryk K., Dziatosz K., Jastzebowska J., Krysiak A., Szymanska U., Wilcznski J., Zawodniak-Szalapska M., Aguay A., Bilbao J.R., Chueca M., Cortazar A., Echarte G., Frutos T.G., Jimenez P., Martul P., Moreno A., Oyarzabal M., Rica I., Salgado Y., Martinez-Larrad M.T., Hawkins F.G., Hernandez R., Herranz L., Pallardo L.F., Deibarra L.S., Fernandez B.H., Luis J.L., Ortiz-Quintana L., Recarte P.P., Arnau D.R., Aronsson L., Boden S., Fredriksson J., Isacsson E., Johansson I., Karlsson E., Lock C., Sandstrom A.-M., Konefal M.S., Andreasson C., Dahlstrom U., Hanas R., Lundqvist K., Windell L., Jansson I., Karlsson A.-K., Lindbladh B., Odenman I., Pettersson C., Sundberg F., Sundqvist M., Aronsson S., Bellman I., Bengtsson A.-B., Lyden G.-B., Nilsson N.-O., Soderblom M., Unt C., Augustsson M., Bengtsson M., Fors H., Helmrich A., Johansson T.O., Andersson A.-C., Boiard-Stomlid A., Hellgren G., Kallsholm H., Lindqvist J., Nilsson M., Nordwall M., Stromstedt C., Ahsberg C., Lindh A., Lindhe C., Samuelsson C., Wiik A., Edenwall H., Ljumgcrantz M., Persson I.-B., Strigard E., Svensson B.-L., Aman J., Breivik G.-E., Detlofsson I.-L., Kroon M., Sarnblad S., Johansson C., Ilvered R., Lundberg A., Akesson K., Beccarelli A., Gadient M., Rappold-Amrein C., Schoenle E., Daftary A., Damagro-Elias M.E., Gilmour C., Klein M.B., Lain C., Salerno D., Smith M.E., Vats K., Pfaff D.J., Malone P., Mansfield P., Munns M., Nickel K., Pompilio K., Siemion W., Taculad R., Van Horn K., Zdanadewic M., Chambliss C., Jones J., Sadler M., Tanner-Blasiar M., Bell C., Camper N., Devaskar S., Devaskar U., Horowitz H., Rogers L., Shannahan R., Silk K., Bermudez Z., Colon R., Frazer T., Martinez-Nieves B., Torres J., Vega J., Chan M., Cook S., Goland R., Greenberg E., Jules N., Montes J., Nelson M., Parra-Valencia Z., Schachner H., Softness B., Kiviniemi M., Suomenin R., Alexander A., Hyrckowian E., Nichol L., Trucco M., Karjalainen E., Louhio T., Sarnesto A., Valtonen E., Davydova B., Helander S., Hamalainen J., Harkonen T., Joutsjoki L., Kararic M., Latva-Koivisto M., Lonn E., Nurmi T., Ollila I., Rinkinen J., Ronkainen M., Tukiainen H., Cederlof A., Kiikeri M., Tsupari S., Cheng R., Bryant K., Chan Y., Maezawa Y., Paltser G., Rasavi R., Tsui H., Winer S., Wu P., Yantha J., University of Zurich, and Knip, Mikael

Subjects
Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Casein, Breastfeeding, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 610 Medicine & health, 2700 General Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Disease-Free Survival, law.invention, Follow-Up Studie, Nutrition Policy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, law, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Original Investigation, 2. Zero hunger, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Absolute risk reduction, Infant, Newborn, Caseins, General Medicine, ta3121, medicine.disease, Infant Formula, 3. Good health, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Infant formula, 10036 Medical Clinic, Endokrinologi och diabetes, Female, business, Human, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

IMPORTANCE Early exposure to complex dietary proteins may increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in children with genetic disease susceptibility. There are no intact proteins in extensively hydrolyzed formulas. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that weaning to an extensively hydrolyzed formula decreases the cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes in young children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An international double-blind randomized clinical trial of 2159 infants with human leukocyte antigen-conferred disease susceptibility and a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes recruited from May 2002 to January 2007 in 78 study centers in 15 countries; 1081 were randomized to be weaned to the extensively hydrolyzed casein formula and 1078 to a conventional formula. The follow-up of the participants ended on February 28, 2017. INTERVENTIONS The participants received either a casein hydrolysate or a conventional adapted cows milk formula supplemented with 20% of the casein hydrolysate. The minimum duration of study formula exposure was 60 days by 6 to 8 months of age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome was type 1 diabetes diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. Secondary outcomes included age at diabetes diagnosis and safety (adverse events). RESULTS Among 2159 newborn infants (1021 female [47.3%]) who were randomized, 1744 (80.8%) completed the trial. The participants were observed for a median of 11.5 years (quartile [Q] 1-Q3, 10.2-12.8). The absolute risk of type 1 diabetes was 8.4% among those randomized to the casein hydrolysate (n = 91) vs 7.6% among those randomized to the conventional formula (n = 82) (difference, 0.8%[95% CI, -1.6% to 3.2%]). The hazard ratio for type 1 diabetes adjusted for human leukocyte antigen risk group, duration of breastfeeding, duration of study formula consumption, sex, and region while treating study center as a random effect was 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.5; P = .46). The median age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was similar in the 2 groups (6.0 years [Q1-Q3, 3.1-8.9] vs 5.8 years [Q1-Q3, 2.6-9.1]; difference, 0.2 years [95% CI, -0.9 to 1.2]). Upper respiratory infections were the most common adverse event reported (frequency, 0.48 events/year in the hydrolysate group and 0.50 events/year in the control group). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among infants at risk for type 1 diabetes, weaning to a hydrolyzed formula compared with a conventional formula did not reduce the cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes after median follow-up for 11.5 years. These findings do not support a need to revise the dietary recommendations for infants at risk for type 1 diabetes. Funding Agencies|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health [HD040364, HD042444, HD051997]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Commission of the European Communities [QLK1-2002-00372]; European Foundation for the Study of Diabates/JDRF/Novo Nordisk; Academy of Finland (Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research) [250114]; Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation; Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation; JDRF

Published
2018

3. Children with Nocturnal Upper Airway Obstruction: Postoperative Orthodontic and Respiratory Improvement

Author

Eva Svanborg, Britt Nordlander, Karin Ågren, Linder-Aronsson S, and Zettergren-Wijk L

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Polysomnography, medicine.medical_treatment, Mandible, Nocturnal, Adenoidectomy, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, medicine, Dentition, Humans, Prospective Studies, Respiratory system, Child, Maxillofacial Development, Tonsillectomy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, Airway obstruction, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Otorhinolaryngology, El Niño, Child, Preschool, Anesthesia, Breathing, Female, business
Abstract

Twenty children, aged 4-9 years, underwent adeno/tonsillectomy because of unequivocal anamnestic nocturnal obstructive breathing. Preoperatively, apnea-hypopnea index was5 in 10 cases only, AI1 in 17. Nineteen children had signs of increased respiratory labour in movement recordings and inspiratory EMG-activity. Oxygen desaturation index was 0 in 7 children, and nadir SaO2 wasor = 90% in 10. Cephalometry and dentition study models initially revealed significant changes, chiefly lateral cross-bite (n = 11) and vertical growth direction of the mandible. Tonsillar size or duration of disease was not correlated with the severity of polysomnographic findings, nor were orthodontic variables. Symptoms disappeared promptly postoperatively. After one year, respiratory recordings were normalized or improved in the majority of children, and orthodontic variables normalized or improved in all children.Oximetry and airflow recordings may be normal in children who benefit from treatment of anamnestic nocturnal obstruction. Craniofacial deformities are common and improve significantly with surgical treatment of the airway obstruction.

Published
1998
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4. Prevalence of coeliac disease in Turner syndrome

Author

Ivarsson, S-A, primary, Carlsson, A, additional, Bredberg, A, additional, Alm, J, additional, Aronsson, S, additional, Gustafsson, J, additional, Hagenäs, L, additional, Häger, A, additional, Kriström, B, additional, Marcus, C, additional, Moëll, C, additional, Nilsson, KO, additional, Tuvemo, T, additional, Westphal, O, additional, Albertsson-Wikland, K, additional, and Aman, J, additional

Published
2007
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6. Effect of growth hormone (GH) during puberty in GH-deficient children : preliminary results from an ongoing randomized trial with different dose regimens

Author

Albertsson Wikland, K, Alm, F, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenas, L, Hager, A, Ivarsson, S, Kristrom, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Nilsson, KO, Ritzen, M, Tuvemo, T, Westgren, U, Westphal, O, Aman, J, Albertsson Wikland, K, Alm, F, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenas, L, Hager, A, Ivarsson, S, Kristrom, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Nilsson, KO, Ritzen, M, Tuvemo, T, Westgren, U, Westphal, O, and Aman, J

Published
1999

7. Prevalence of coeliac disease in Turner syndrome

Author

Ivarsson, S-A, Carlsson, A, Bredberg, A, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenas, L, Hager, A, Kristrom, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Nilsson, K-O, Tuvemo, T, Westphal, O, Albertsson-Wikland, K, Aman, J, Ivarsson, S-A, Carlsson, A, Bredberg, A, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenas, L, Hager, A, Kristrom, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Nilsson, K-O, Tuvemo, T, Westphal, O, Albertsson-Wikland, K, and Aman, J

Published
1999

8. Prevalence of coeliac disease in Turner syndrome.

Author

Ivarsson, S A, Carlsson, A, Bredberg, A, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenäs, L, Häger, A, Kriström, Berit, Marcus, C, Moëll, C, Nilsson, K O, Tuvemo, T, Westphal, O, Albertsson-Wikland, K, Aman, J, Ivarsson, S A, Carlsson, A, Bredberg, A, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenäs, L, Häger, A, Kriström, Berit, Marcus, C, Moëll, C, Nilsson, K O, Tuvemo, T, Westphal, O, Albertsson-Wikland, K, and Aman, J

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of coeliac disease in children and adolescents with Turner syndrome. Eighty-seven children and adolescents with Turner syndrome were screened for IgA-antiendomysium antibodies (EMA) and IgA-antigliadin antibodies (AGA), 5% (4/87) being found to be EMA-positive, and 15% (13/87) to have AGA levels above normal. Of the 10 patients who were either AGA- or EMA-positive and further investigated with intestinal biopsy, four manifested villous atrophy (i.e. all three of the EMA-positive patients, but only one of the seven AGA-positive patients). The results suggest EMA-positivity to be a good immunological marker for use in screening for coeliac disease, and such screening to be justified in patients with Turner syndrome.

Published
1999

9. Prevalence of coeliac disease in Turner syndrome.

Author

Kriström, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Nilsson, KO, Tuvemo, T, Westphal, O, Albertsson Wikland, K, Åman, J, Ivarsson, SA, Carlsson, A, Bredberg, A, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenäs, L, Häger, Anders, Kriström, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Nilsson, KO, Tuvemo, T, Westphal, O, Albertsson Wikland, K, Åman, J, Ivarsson, SA, Carlsson, A, Bredberg, A, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenäs, L, and Häger, Anders

Published
1999

11. Improved final height in girls with Turner syndrome treated with growth hormone and oxandrolone

Author

Nilsson, KO, Albertsson-Wikland, K, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenas, L, Hager, A, Ivarsson, SI, Karlberg, J, Kristrom, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Ritzen, M, Tuvemo, T, Wattsgard, C, Westgren, U, Westphal, O, Aman, J, Nilsson, KO, Albertsson-Wikland, K, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenas, L, Hager, A, Ivarsson, SI, Karlberg, J, Kristrom, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Ritzen, M, Tuvemo, T, Wattsgard, C, Westgren, U, Westphal, O, and Aman, J

Published
1996

12. Growth promoting treatment in girls with Turner syndrome : final height results according to three different Turner syndrome growth standards

Author

Nilsson, KO, Albertsson-Wikland, K, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenas, L, Hager, A, Ivarsson, SA, Karlberg, J, Kristrom, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Ritzen, M, Tuvemo, T, Wattsgard, C, Westgren, U, Westphal, O, Aman, J, Nilsson, KO, Albertsson-Wikland, K, Alm, J, Aronsson, S, Gustafsson, J, Hagenas, L, Hager, A, Ivarsson, SA, Karlberg, J, Kristrom, B, Marcus, C, Moell, C, Ritzen, M, Tuvemo, T, Wattsgard, C, Westgren, U, Westphal, O, and Aman, J

Published
1995

13. Effect of growth hormone (GH) during puberty in GH‐deficient children: preliminary results from an ongoing randomized trial with different dose regimens

Author

Wikland, K Albertsson, primary, Alm, F, additional, Aronsson, S, additional, Gustafsson, J, additional, Hagenäs, L, additional, Häger, A, additional, Ivarsson, S, additional, Kriström, B, additional, Marcus, C, additional, Moëll, C, additional, Nilsson, KO, additional, Ritzén, M, additional, Tuvemo, T, additional, Westgren, U, additional, Westphal, O, additional, and Åman, J, additional

Published
1999
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14. Children with Nocturnal Upper Airway Obstruction: Postoperative Orthodontic and Respiratory Improvement.

Author

Agren, K., Nordlander, B., Linder-Aronsson, S., L. Zettergren-Wijk, S., and Svanborg, E.

Subjects
SLEEP apnea syndromes, JUVENILE diseases, TONSILLECTOMY, ADENOIDECTOMY, RESPIRATORY obstructions, ORTHODONTICS, AIRWAY (Anatomy)
Abstract

Twenty children, aged 4-9 years, underwent adeno/tonsillectomy because of unequivocal anamnestic nocturnal obstructive breathing. Preoperatively, apnea-hypopnea index was >5 in 10 cases only, AI>1 in 17. Nineteen children had signs of increased respiratory labour in movement recordings and inspiratory EMG-activity. Oxygen desaturation index was 0 in 7 children, and nadir SaO[sub 2] was ≥90% in 10. Cephalometry and dentition study models initially revealed significant changes, chiefly lateral cross-bite (n=11) and vertical growth direction of the mandible. Tonsillar size or duration of disease was not correlated with the severity of polysomnographic findings, nor were orthodontic variables. Symptoms disappeared promptly postoperatively. After one year, respiratory recordings were normalized or improved in the majority of children, and orthodontic variables normalized or improved in all children. Conclusion: Oximetry and airflow recordings may be normal in children who benefit from treatment of anamnestic nocturnal obstruction. Craniofacial deformities are common and improve significantly with surgical treatment of the airway obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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17. Comprehensive imaging of microcirculatory changes in the foot during endovascular intervention - A technical feasibility study.

Author

Hultman M, Aronsson S, Fredriksson I, Zachrisson H, Pärsson H, Larsson M, and Strömberg T

Subjects
Feasibility Studies, Humans, Ischemia diagnostic imaging, Ischemia therapy, Microcirculation, Foot blood supply, Hyperemia
Abstract

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) has a major impact on patients' lives and is associated with a heavy health care burden with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment by endovascular intervention is mostly based on macrocirculatory information from angiography and does not consider the microcirculation. Despite successful endovascular intervention according to angiographic criteria, a proportion of patients fail to heal ischemic lesions. This might be due to impaired microvascular perfusion and variations in the supply to different angiosomes. Non-invasive optical techniques for microcirculatory perfusion and oxygen saturation imaging have the potential to provide the interventionist with additional information in real-time, supporting clinical decisions during the intervention. This study presents a novel multimodal imaging system, based on multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging and multi-spectral imaging, for continuous use during endovascular intervention. The results during intervention display spatiotemporal changes in the microcirculation compatible with expected physiological reactions during balloon dilation, with initially induced ischemia followed by a restored perfusion, and local administration of a vasodilator inducing hyperemia. We also present perioperative and postoperative follow-up measurements with a pulsatile microcirculation perfusion. Finally, cases of spatial heterogeneity in the oxygen saturation and perfusion are discussed. In conclusion, this technical feasibility study shows the potential of the methodology to characterize changes in microcirculation before, during, and after endovascular intervention., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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18. alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is neuroprotective in rat global cerebral ischemia.

Author

Forslin Aronsson S, Spulber S, Popescu LM, Winblad B, Post C, Oprica M, and Schultzberg M

Subjects
Animals, Astrocytes drug effects, Astrocytes pathology, Astrocytes physiology, Body Weight drug effects, Brain Ischemia pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Hippocampus drug effects, Hippocampus pathology, Hippocampus physiopathology, Pyramidal Cells drug effects, Pyramidal Cells pathology, Rabbits, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Brain Ischemia drug therapy, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Pyramidal Cells physiology, alpha-MSH therapeutic use
Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), a tridecapeptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC), on the neurodegeneration following global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. The biological activities of alpha-MSH include inhibition of inflammatory responses and anti-pyretic effects. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) global cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion, and treated with alpha-MSH (intraperitoneally, i.p.) at 30 min, and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-ischemia. Stereological quantification of the pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampus showed that the number of viable neurons in ischemic rats was 96,945+/-18,610 (means+/-SD) as compared to 183,156+/-49,935 in sham-operated rats (P<0.05). The number of viable neurons after treatment of ischemic rats with alpha-MSH was 162,829+/-34,757, i.e. significantly different from the number of viable neurons in ischemic rats injected with saline (P<0.01). Astrocyte proliferation due to the ischemic insult was markedly reduced by the treatment with alpha-MSH, and the loss in body weight was reduced by alpha-MSH. In conclusion, post-ischemic administration of alpha-MSH was found to provide neuroprotection in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampus, concomitant with a reduction in glial activation, indicating that alpha-MSH or mimetics thereof may have a potential in the treatment of stroke or other neurodegenerative diseases. Further studies will be required to define the post-ischemic time window for administration of alpha-MSH.

Published
2006
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19. Prevalence of coeliac disease in Turner syndrome.

Author

Ivarsson SA, Carlsson A, Bredberg A, Alm J, Aronsson S, Gustafsson J, Hagenäs L, Häger A, Kriström B, Marcus C, Moëll C, Nilsson KO, Tuvemo T, Westphal O, Albertsson-Wikland K, and Aman J

Subjects
Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Celiac Disease blood, Child, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Gliadin immunology, Humans, Prevalence, Sweden epidemiology, Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic blood, Celiac Disease complications, Celiac Disease epidemiology, Immunoglobulin A, Turner Syndrome complications
Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of coeliac disease in children and adolescents with Turner syndrome. Eighty-seven children and adolescents with Turner syndrome were screened for IgA-antiendomysium antibodies (EMA) and IgA-antigliadin antibodies (AGA), 5% (4/87) being found to be EMA-positive, and 15% (13/87) to have AGA levels above normal. Of the 10 patients who were either AGA- or EMA-positive and further investigated with intestinal biopsy, four manifested villous atrophy (i.e. all three of the EMA-positive patients, but only one of the seven AGA-positive patients). The results suggest EMA-positivity to be a good immunological marker for use in screening for coeliac disease, and such screening to be justified in patients with Turner syndrome.

Published
1999
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20. Growth hormone treatment of short children born small-for-gestational-age: the Nordic Multicentre Trial.

Author

Boguszewski M, Albertsson-Wikland K, Aronsson S, Gustafsson J, Hagenäs L, Westgren U, Westphal O, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Sipilä I, Gellert P, Müller J, and Madsen B

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Denmark, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Finland, Growth Disorders etiology, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Statistics, Nonparametric, Sweden, Treatment Outcome, Body Height drug effects, Growth Disorders drug therapy, Human Growth Hormone therapeutic use, Infant, Small for Gestational Age
Abstract

The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different doses of growth hormone (GH) treatment in prepubertal short children born small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Forty-eight children born SGA from Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway were randomly allocated to three groups: a control group of 12 children received no treatment for 2 y, one group was treated with GH at 0.1 IU/kg/d (n=16), and one group was treated with GH at 0.2 IU/kg/d (n=20). In total 42 children completed 2 y of follow-up, and 24 children from the treated groups completed 3 y of treatment. Their mean (SD) age at the start of the study was 4.69 (1.61) y and their mean (SD) height was -3.16 (0.70) standard deviation scores (SDS). The children remained prepubertal during the course of the study. No catch-up growth was observed in the untreated group, but a clear dose-dependent growth response was found in the treated children. After the third year of treatment, the group receiving the higher dose of GH, achieved their target height. The major determinants of the growth response were the dose of GH used, the age at the start of treatment (the younger the child, the better the growth response) and the family-corrected individual height deficit (the higher the deficit, the better the growth response). Concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 increased during treatment. An increase in insulin levels was found without negative effects on fasting glucose levels or glycosylated haemoglobin levels. GH treatment was well tolerated. In conclusion, short prepubertal children born SGA show a dose-dependent growth response to GH therapy, and their target height SDS can be achieved within 3 y of treatment given GH at 0.2 IU/kg/d. However, the long-term benefit of different regimens of GH treatment in children born SGA remains to be established.

Published
1998
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21. On the Development of the Eminentia Mediana of the Hypophysis in Rana temporaria, Studied in Normal, Hypophysectomized, and Thyroidectomized Tadpoles.

Author

Aronsson S and Enemar A

Abstract

In the Rana temporaria tadpole, the part of the infundibular floor that eventually becomes the eminentia mediana is very thin throughout premetamorphosis; the supply of aminergic and neurosecretory nerves is poor, and the area is covered by a few fenestrated capillaries. The organ begins to thicken around mid-prometamorphosis owing to a marked invasion of nerves. At this stage it is also penetrated by capillaries and perivascular space extensions, which together form the neurovascular link structures. These become more pronounced during metamorphic climax, when the eminentia mediana attains the adult appearance. Development of the organ is arrested at the premetamorphic stage after thyroidectomy in the young premetamorphic tadpole. Removal of the adenohypophysial primordium from the embryo of the tailbud stage prevents the vascular-but not the neural-component of the eminentia from developing beyond the premetamorphic stage. By contrast, in the American Rana-species investigated the neural component also fails to develop after hypophysectomy.

Published
1992
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22. [Epidemic virus infections in neonatal units].

Author

Andersson G, Andreasson B, Aronsson S, Cervin T, Jeansson S, Johnsson T, Nordenfeldt E, and Svenningsen N

Subjects
Humans, Infant, Newborn, Cross Infection prevention & control, Enterovirus Infections prevention & control, Infant, Newborn, Diseases prevention & control
Published
1981

23. Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva from children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Author

Twetman S, Aronsson S, and Björkman S

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 microbiology, Lactobacillus isolation & purification, Saliva microbiology, Streptococcus mutans isolation & purification
Abstract

The quantitative distribution of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva of insulin-dependent diabetic children was compared with a group of healthy children and related to the metabolic control of the disease. The study group, consisting of 94 boys and girls (age 4-19) with type 1 diabetes was matched by sex and age with a non-diabetic control group. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and flow rate, buffer capacity and the levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were analysed in all children. In the diabetic group, total salivary proteins and glucose content of saliva were determined. Data on caries experience were recorded from the dental cards of all children. There were no difference in the distribution or number of mutans streptococci between the groups, but significantly (p less than 0.05) lower levels of lactobacilli were found among the diabetic children. The number of lactobacilli was positively correlated (p less than 0.05) to glucose concentration in saliva. There was no difference in the prevalence of caries between the groups. The present findings suggest that the dietary treatment of young insulin dependent diabetics gives rise to a reduced number of lactobacilli in saliva but does not affect the mutans streptococci.

Published
1989
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24. On the structural and phyletic origin of the aminergic nerves of the hypophysis of frog tadpoles (Rana temporaria) with special reference to pars distalis.

Author

Aronsson S and Enemar A

Subjects
Animals, Larva, Metamorphosis, Biological, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Nerve Fibers ultrastructure, Neural Pathways anatomy & histology, Hypothalamus anatomy & histology, Neurotransmitter Agents metabolism, Phylogeny, Pituitary Gland innervation, Rana temporaria anatomy & histology
Abstract

With the aid of lesion experiments and the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence technique, it is shown that the aminergic nerves of the hypophysis, including pars distalis, originate in the caudal hypothalamus and reach the gland via a fibre tract in the floor of tuber cinereum. However, some contribution to the eminentia mediana from the preoptic area could not be excluded. A vasomotor function of the pars distalis nerves is unlikely. Based on a comparative survey the hypothesis is put forward, that the pars distalis nerves, which disappear during the metamorphic climax, are remnants of an aminergic innervation existing together with a hypophyseal portal system as a functional link between brain and pituitary in the fish-like ancestor of amphibians. Aspects are given on the problem of why a direct pars distalis innervation has neither been retained nor evolved during evolution of tetrapods.

Published
1981
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25. The ontogenesis of monoaminergic nerve fibres in the hypophysis of Rana temporaria with special reference to the pars distalis.

Author

Aronsson S

Subjects
Animals, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System anatomy & histology, Larva, Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones metabolism, Metamorphosis, Biological, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Biogenic Amines analysis, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System growth & development, Rana temporaria growth & development
Abstract

In Rana temporaria tadpoles, fluorescent fibres appear in the prospective eminentia mediana, the pars intermedia and the pars distalis at Gosner's stage 25. During prometamorphosis the amount of fluorescent material increases around the developing primary capillary plexus in the eminentia mediana. In the pars intermedia the fibres form a dense fluorescent network but in the pars distalis the fibres are few and delicate. At stages 42-43, the onset of climax, the pars distalis fibres disappear. The possible functional significance of the pars distalis fibres is discussed. The background adaptation ability appears at stages 28-29, while the fluorescent pars intermedia innervation is observable at stage 25.

Published
1976
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27. [Subdural hygroma in infants. EEG-diagnosis].

Author

Aronsson S

Subjects
Electroencephalography, Exudates and Transudates, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Brain Neoplasms diagnosis, Dura Mater, Lymphangioma diagnosis
Published
1967

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