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Objective: Study carried out between the years 2009 and 2010 in the cities of Barranquilla and Sincelejo that has as main objective to determine the microdeletions in the DAZ region of the Y chromosome in infertile men. Materials and Methods: study was developed with a sample of 33 men, selected in specialized consultation, previous confirmation of infertility through spermograms studies. Seventeen STSs were analyzed from different azoospermia regions in addition to the SRY, the DS271 and the Kaly gene. DNA extraction from peripheral blood through Bio-mol protocol, PCR multiplex master mix of Promega and electrophoresis in agarose gel 4% was performed for data analysis and the images were visualized through photodocumenter. Results: Findings showed 3.03% microdeletions in Y chromosome in STSs: SY242 (DAZ) SY208 (DAZ), SY254 (DAZ), SY255 (DAZ) and SY157 (DYS240), compromising the whole AZFc region in the STSs studied. Conclusions: was determined microdeletion of AZFc region of Y chromosome in a proportion of 3.03%, with evident absence in the genes of the internal control, the bands studied for the set of the master indicators D and E are presented, confirming reproducibility of the product obtained through PCR. Patients with presence of locus SRY, secretory azoospermia, left varicocele, normal sexual organs, testicular biopsy with absence 80% of germ cells and 20% without maturation. The proportion of cases located in the range found in various studies globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a simulation of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for the utilization of combustion gas produced in small landfills in Antioquia, Colombia, with a focus on the municipality of Angostura. This municipality has been chosen as the focus of this study due to its growing population and industrial and tourism development, bringing with them the need for sustainable waste and energy management solutions. The proposed ORC system includes two evaporators, two turbines, a condenser, a pump, and a generator, similar to successful systems reported in the literature. A sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the impact of pressure, temperature, and mass flow on the system's net power output and thermodynamic efficiency. The results showed that the system reached a net power output of 64.33   kW with an overall power plant efficiency of 13.03 % and an investment cost of 192,340   USD based on a reference cost of 2990   USD / kW . The study also found that the system's use in Angostura is economically feasible, with a net present value of 31,208   USD over a 10-year investment study. The sensitivity analysis revealed that temperature and pressure have direct effects on the system's performance and economic viability. The municipality's geomorphological characteristics were found to reduce the risk of groundwater contamination, while surface waters may still be vulnerable to contamination from leachates. Overall, this study highlights the feasibility and potential benefits of utilizing an ORC system, in which the combustion heat from methane gas produced in small landfills in Antioquia, Colombia, is harnessed for energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]