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We compared the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) of 196 male and female players (16.9 ± 2.4 years) belonging to the academy of a Spanish professional football club with their participation (minutes played), football competence (coaching staff assessment), and future potential (technical direction prediction). The DTK had no correlation with the minutes played (%) by the participants during the 2021–22 season (r = −.162, p =.045). Student's t test for independent samples compared the football competence of the participants with high DTK (n = 74) and low DTK (n = 76), proving a small impact (p =.021, d = 0.39) in favor of the first group. Although the high-DTK group showed a better average of potentiality, the technical direction identified more potential players for the first team in the low-DTK group. In conclusion, no solid evidence was found to justify that participants with higher DTK in each team were those who played more minutes and showed greater football competence and potentiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to measure and compare the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) of the total number of academy players (n = 163; 16.75 ± 2.42 years) from the seven teams that make up the men's section of a Spanish professional football club. The 'TESTACTICO for F7' tool was used to access the DTK of the participants in May 2022 (last part of the season), analysing the results obtained according to the age category (U14, U16, U19 and U23), and ensuring an adequate sample strength (f = 0.26) via G*Power. The analysis of variancewas used, through Tukey's HSD contrast test for post hoc multiple comparisons, evaluating the magnitude of the differences found by pairs of age categories through Cohen's d effect size. The macro-level comparisons between age categories evidenced differences (p ≤.017) with different effect sizes (2.17 < d > 0.55) in global, offensive and defensive scores, revealing two homogeneous groups: U14 + U16 and U19 + U23. In addition, the offensive score was higher than the defensive score in all age categories. At the meso-level, differences were found (p ≤.008) with different effect sizes (1.24 < d > 0.22) in 12 variables. At the micro-level, offensive behaviours outside of the game centre linked to depth, width and positioning, as well as defensive situations in which a tackle must be made are not declaratively dominated in any age category. It is concluded that, in a specific performance-oriented context, although the overall DTK scores are influenced by the age, different changes between age categories were verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need to characterise playing positions in football, as well as to investigate the relationship between declarative (DTK) and procedural (PTK) tactical knowledge. For these reasons, the aim of the study was to analyse the influence of playing position on the DTK of 163 players (16.7 ± 2.4 years) in the academy of a professional football club. The "TESTACTICO for F7" tool was used to assess the DTK of the participants, analysing the results obtained according to their positions (goalkeepers, central defenders, external defenders, midfielders, wingers and forwards), and ensuring an adequate effect size (f = 0.28) via G*Power. ANOVA analysis of variance was implemented, using Tukey's HSD test for multiple post hoc comparisons, by assessing the magnitude of the differences found by pairs of positions through the Cohen's d effect size. Macro level comparisons between positions revealed no significant differences in overall offensive and defensive scores. Significant differences were found between groups at the meso level (p ≤ .05) in the operational principle "Progress towards rival area" and the fundamental principle "Width and length". However, the post hoc pairwise comparison revealed non-significant differences in both variables. The same happened at the micro level with the behaviours "dribble to beat the rival" and "give depth to the attack by positioning in length". In conclusion, the DTK values did not allow for differentiation between players according to their position, which casts doubt on a direct relationship between DTK and PTK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text the author set out the work done by UNESCO and UNESCO Etxea in favour of the Human Right to peace, especially within the Peace Culture programme. It summarises the actions carried out by the sectors of the UNESCO in this area. It also points out the various initiatives in favour of Human Rights and peace in which UNESCO Etxea has and is taking part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]