17 results on '"Arsenakis I"'
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2. Controleer je varkens op verschijnselen van hittestress
- Author
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Arsenakis, I. and Arsenakis, I.
- Abstract
Tijdens de zomermaanden is hittestress een van de grote zorgen in de varkenshouderij. Varkens hebben, in tegenstelling tot sommige andere dieren, geen functionele zweetklieren die helpen om de lichaamswarmte efficiënt kwijt te raken. Vleesvarkens met hittestress hebben een slechtere groei en voederconversie. Bij zeugen vermindert de melkproductie en zien we een verminderde vruchtbaarheid. more...
- Published
- 2017
Catalog
3. PCV2: gelten, zeugen of biggen vaccineren?
- Author
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Arsenakis, I. and Arsenakis, I.
- Abstract
Onder veldomstandigheden is de werkzaamheid van commerciële vaccins tegen het porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) duidelijk aangetoond door de drastische reductie van de impact van problemen door het virus. Het wijdverspreide en constante gebruik van deze vaccins heeft er in de meeste bedrijven toe geleid dat er enkel nog subklinische PCV2-infecties voorkomen. more...
- Published
- 2016
4. Hoe PPDS voorkomen?
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Arsenakis, I. and Arsenakis, I.
- Abstract
Het postpartum dysgalactie syndroom (PPDS) bij zeugen wordt gekarakteriseerd door inadequate en onvoldoende colostrum (biest) en melkproductie tijdens de eerste dagen na het werpen. Adequate colostrum en melkproductie van de zeug zijn echter essentieel voor de overleving en groei van de biggen. PPDS komt wereldwijd voor en zorgt voor grote financiële verliezen op varkensbedrijven. more...
- Published
- 2016
5. Enzoötische pneumonie leidt tot grote verliezen
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Arsenakis, I. and Arsenakis, I.
- Abstract
Enzootische pneumonie vormt wereldwijd een van de belangrijkste uitdagingen van de vleesvarkengezondheid. Vaak wordt deze ziekte niet of onvoldoende onderzocht en gecontroleerd.
- Published
- 2015
6. Smeerwrang, oud probleem maar lastig te behandelen
- Author
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Arsenakis, I. and Arsenakis, I.
- Abstract
Smeerwrang is een huidprobleem dat normaal gezien voorkomt bij zuigende en pas gespeende biggen. Het leidt tot de zogenaamde roetbiggen. Het is een oud probleem dat mogelijk een comeback maakt. De prevalentie stijgt als gevolg van antibioticumresistentie. more...
- Published
- 2015
7. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaevaccination at or shortly before weaning under field conditions: a randomised efficacy trial
- Author
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Arsenakis, I., Michiels, A., Del Pozo Sacristán, R., Boyen, F., Haesebrouck, F., and Maes, D.
- Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of two different Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaevaccination programmes in relation to the time of weaning. Eight hundred and twenty‐eight piglets were randomly divided into three groups: group V1 was vaccinated three days before weaning, group V2 at weaning (21 days of age) and group NV was left non‐vaccinated. Vaccinations were performed using Ingelvac MycoFLEX. After the nursery period, 306 pigs were allocated to fattening unit (F1) and 501 pigs to a second unit (F2). Efficacy was evaluated using performance parameters and pneumonia lesions at slaughter. Statistically significant differences were obtained in F2 where group V1 had a higher average daily weight gain compared to groups V2 and NV for the entire study period (17 and 18 g/day, respectively) and the fattening period (26 and 36 g/day, respectively) (P<0.05). Considering respiratory disease scores for both fattening units, group V1 was the only group where coughing severity did not increase significantly between placement and the end of the fattening period (P>0.05). Between groups, there were no statistically significant differences for the average lung lesion scores (V1=3.44; V2=4.61; NV=4.55, P>0.05) and the prevalence of pneumonia (V1=35.0 per cent; V2=38.0 per cent; NV=41.4 per cent, P>0.05). Overall, vaccination against M hyopneumoniaebefore weaning provided numerically better performance than vaccination at weaning, but did not reach statistical significance. An influenza outbreak in F1 and the presence of coexisting mixed respiratory infections in both F1 and F2 could have possibly influenced the performance of both vaccinated groups across all measured parameters. more...
- Published
- 2017
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8. Animal Health and Productivity of Organic Greek Pig Farms: The Current Situation and Prospects for Sustainability.
- Author
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Papakonstantinou GI, Arsenakis I, Pourlis A, and Papatsiros VG
- Abstract
A review of organic pig production in Greece was carried out. The aim was to present updated information on the production, development and health status of organic pig farming in Greece and potential prospects for sustainability and future development. The indigenous Greek Black Pig is the main breed reared in Greek organic pig farms. All the reasons why Greek Black Pig breeding is ideal for organic farming are mentioned. Furthermore, respiratory and parasitic infections are the most common health problems, while high piglet mortality rates are the main welfare issue in Greek organic pig farming. Concerns about how farmers and authorities should utilize the demands of modern consumers are discussed. more...
- Published
- 2023
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9. Effects of pre-farrowing sow vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on offspring colonisation and lung lesions.
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Arsenakis I, Michiels A, Schagemann G, Gomez-Duran CO, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, and Maes DGD
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- Animals, Colony Count, Microbial veterinary, Female, Lung microbiology, Lung pathology, Pregnancy, Swine, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary
- Abstract
This study investigated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae colonisation and lung lesions at slaughter in pigs from vaccinated (V) and non-vaccinated (NV) sows, in two herds (A and B). In each herd, two sow batches were V against M. hyopneumoniae with a commercial bacterin at six and three weeks before farrowing and two sow batches remained NV. From each sow batch, laryngeal swabs were collected from the litters of five primiparous sows at weaning and seven days post-weaning. All samples were tested for M. hyopneumoniae by nested PCR. In total, 488 piglets were sampled. At slaughter, the extent of Mycoplasma -like pneumonia lesions (lung lesion score (LLS)) was assessed. The colonisation rates with M. hyopneumoniae at weaning and seven days post-weaning were (V-A=14.2, NV-A=20.0 (P=0.225); V-B=0.9, NV-B=0.8 (P=0.948)) and (V-A=0.8, NV-A=7.0 (P=0.039); V-B=1.8, NV-B=2.5 (P=0.738)), respectively. The average LLS (in per cent) was V-A=15.5, NV-A=26.4 (P=0.021); V-B=9.7, NV-B=8.4 (P=0.541). In conclusion, in herd A, with a substantially higher level of piglet colonisation at weaning than herd B, offspring from V sows had a significantly lower colonisation rate seven days post-weaning and a significantly lower LLS at slaughter compared with the offspring of the NV sows. This implies that sow vaccination might be useful for control of M. hyopneumoniae infections, although significant results may not be achieved at all times (such as in herd B)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: GS and COG-D are employed by Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health and were not involved in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data., (© British Veterinary Association 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ.) more...
- Published
- 2019
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10. Autogenous vaccination reduces antimicrobial usage and mortality rates in a herd facing severe exudative epidermitis outbreaks in weaned pigs.
- Author
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Arsenakis I, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, and Maes DGD
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Belgium epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Epidermitis, Exudative, of Swine mortality, Female, Male, Mortality trends, Severity of Illness Index, Swine, Treatment Outcome, Weaning, Autovaccines therapeutic use, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Epidermitis, Exudative, of Swine epidemiology, Epidermitis, Exudative, of Swine prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary
- Abstract
This study was conducted in a commercial 1000-sow herd facing recurrent exudative epidermitis (EE) outbreaks during the nursery period and assessed the efficacy of autogenous vaccination in controlling such outbreaks. The vaccine was produced using three Staphylococcus hyicus isolates recovered from affected pigs shortly before the onset of the study. All of those isolates were positive for the exh B gene, which encodes the exfoliative toxin type B (ExhB). From four consecutive farrowing batches of sows, two batches were vaccinated (V) against S hyicus at five and two weeks before farrowing, and two sow batches remained non-vaccinated (NV). Vaccination efficacy was primarily determined by the levels of metaphylactic antimicrobial usage, and the morbidity and mortality data for the pigs of the V and NV sows. The total amount of antimicrobials used metaphylactically against EE in pigs among the V and NV farrowing batches was 39,600 and 88,550 mg, respectively. The used daily dose pig to animal daily dose pig ratio for the V and NV batches were 1.31 and 1.79, respectively (a ratio of 0.8 to 1.2 is indicative of correct dosing). The morbidity and mortality rates were V=6.50 and NV=14.36 (P=0.008), and V=2.59 and NV=5.02 (P=0.000), respectively. To conclude, autogenous vaccination of the sows with a vaccine based on exh B-positive S hyicus isolates reduced metaphylactic treatment with antimicrobials as well as the morbidity and mortality rates in weaned pigs compared with pigs from NV sow batches., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© British Veterinary Association (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.) more...
- Published
- 2018
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11. Clinical impact of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on the severity of an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.
- Author
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Michiels A, Arsenakis I, Matthijs A, Boyen F, Haesaert G, Audenaert K, Eeckhout M, Croubels S, Haesebrouck F, and Maes D
- Subjects
- Animals, Bronchoalveolar Lavage veterinary, Food Contamination, Lung pathology, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal chemically induced, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal pathology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Swine, Swine Diseases chemically induced, Swine Diseases pathology, Trichothecenes administration & dosage, Animal Feed microbiology, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae growth & development, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae pathogenicity, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal etiology, Swine Diseases etiology, Trichothecenes toxicity
- Abstract
Background: The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is highly prevalent in cereals in moderate climates and therefore pigs are often exposed to a DON-contaminated diet. Pigs are highly susceptible to DON and intake of DON-contaminated feed may lead to an altered immune response and may influence the pathogenesis of specific bacterial diseases. Therefore, the maximum guidance level in feed is lowest in this species and has been set at 900 μg/kg feed by the European Commission. This study aimed to determine the effect of in-feed administration of a moderately high DON concentration (1514 μg/kg) on the severity of an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) infection in weaned piglets. Fifty M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were assigned at 30 days of age [study day (D)0] to four different groups: 1) negative control group (NCG; n = 5), 2) DON-contaminated group (DON; n = 15), 3) DON-contaminated and M. hyopneumoniae-inoculated group (DONMHYO; n = 15), 4) M. hyopneumoniae-inoculated group (MHYO; n = 15). The piglets were fed the experimental diets ad libitum for five weeks and were monitored during this period and euthanized at day 35 [27 days post infection (DPI)] or 36 (28 DPI). The main parameters under investigation were macroscopic lung lesions (MLL) at euthanasia, respiratory disease score (RDS) from day 8 until day 35, histopathologic lesions and log copies of M. hyopneumoniae DNA detected by qPCR, determined at the day of euthanasia., Results: No significant difference was obtained for MLL at euthanasia, RDS (8-35), histopathologic lung lesions and log copies of M. hyopneumoniae DNA in the DONMHYO and MHYO group and consequently, no enhancement of the severity of the M. hyopneumoniae infection could be detected in the DONMHYO compared to the MHYO group., Conclusions: Under present conditions, the findings imply that feed contaminated with DON (1514 μg/kg) provided to weaned pigs for five weeks did not increase the severity of an experimental M. hyopneumoniae infection. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of DON on M. hyopneumoniae infections in a multi-mycotoxin and multi-pathogen environment. more...
- Published
- 2018
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12. Efficacy of one dose vaccination against experimental infection with two Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains.
- Author
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Michiels A, Arsenakis I, Boyen F, Krejci R, Haesebrouck F, and Maes D
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial analysis, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid immunology, Cytokines analysis, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic, Lung pathology, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal immunology, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal pathology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Species Specificity, Swine, Bacterial Vaccines administration & dosage, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae immunology, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolation & purification, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae pathogenicity, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. Pigs are often infected with different M. hyopneumoniae strains. This study assessed the efficacy of vaccination against experimental infection with two genetically different M. hyopneumoniae strains in weaned piglets. At 33 days of age (D0), 45 M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were randomly assigned to three different groups: 1) negative control group (NCG; n = 5): not vaccinated, not infected, 2) positive control group (PCG; n = 20): not vaccinated, infected, and 3) vaccination group (VG; n = 20): single vaccination with an inactivated whole-cell M. hyopneumoniae vaccine (Hyogen®, Ceva) (D1), infected. The PCG and VG were endotracheally inoculated with 7 × 10
7 CCU in 7 ml of the highly virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain F7.2C (D24) and 7 × 107 CCU in 7 ml low virulent strain F1.12A (D25). A respiratory disease score (RDS) was assessed from D24 until D53. At D53 (euthanasia), macroscopic lung lesions (MLL) were scored, log copies of M. hyopneumoniae DNA (qPCR) and IL-1 and IL-6-concentrations (ELISA) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined., Results: The RDS and MLL at euthanasia were respectively 0, 1.20 and 0.55 (P < 0.001) and 0, 7.56 and 0.68 (P < 0.001) for NCG, PCG and VG, respectively. The qPCR results for PCG and VG were 3.99 and 1.78 log copies (P < 0.001), respectively, with a significant difference between PCG and VG. The IL-1 and IL-6 results at euthanasia for NCG, PCG and VG were 17.61, 1283.39 and 53.04 pg/ml (P < 0.001) and 148.10, 493.35 and 259.80 pg/ml (P = 0.004), respectively with a significant difference between PCG and VG., Conclusions: Vaccination with Hyogen® in pigs was efficacious against an experimental challenge with both a low and highly virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain as the vaccinated pigs coughed significantly less, and showed significantly less lung lesions compared to the non-vaccinated challenged pigs: the vaccinated animals showed a 52.9% lower RDS and 91.0% lower MLL compared to the PCG. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected at the necropsy of the vaccinated pigs, a significantly lower amount of M. hyopneumoniae-DNA and a significantly lower IL-1 and IL-6 concentration was found compared to the pigs of the PCG. more...- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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13. Boar management and semen handling factors affect the quality of boar extended semen.
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Lopez Rodriguez A, Van Soom A, Arsenakis I, and Maes D
- Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is the preferred method for reproduction in the majority of the intensive pig production systems Worldwide. To this end, fresh extended ready-to-use semen doses are either purchased from AI-centres or produced by boars kept on-farm. For profitable semen production, it is necessary to obtain a maximum amount of high quality semen from each boar. This paper reviews current knowledge on factors that may affect semen quality by influencing the boar or the semen during processing. Genetic markers could be used for early detection of boars with the highest fertility potential. Genetic selection for fast growth might jeopardize semen quality. Early detection of boars no longer fit for semen production might be possible by ultrasonography of the testes. Seasonal variation in sperm quality could be associated with changes in photoperiod and heat stress during summer. Comfortable housing, with appropiate bedding material to avoid locomotion problems is essential. In some areas, cooling systems may be necessary to avoid heat stress. The sperm quality can be manipulated by feeding strategies aiming, for instance, to increase sperm resistance to oxidative stress and extend storage duration. High collection frequency will negatively influence sperm quality. Also, if collection is not hygienically performed it will result in bacterial contamination of the semen doses. The concern over bacterial contamination has risen not only because of its negative effect on semen quality but also due to the detection of antimicrobial resistance in isolates from extended semen. Moreover, bacterial and viral pathogens must be monitored because they affect semen production and quality and constitute a risk of herd infection. During processing, boar sperm are submitted to many stress factors that can cause oxidative stress and capacitation-like changes potentially reducing their fertility potential. Dilution rate or dilution temperature affects the quality of the semen doses. Some packaging might preserve semen better than others and some plastic components might be toxic for sperm. Standard operation procedures and quality assurance systems in AI centres are needed. more...
- Published
- 2017
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14. Impact of diversity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains on lung lesions in slaughter pigs.
- Author
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Michiels A, Vranckx K, Piepers S, Del Pozo Sacristán R, Arsenakis I, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, and Maes D
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- Animals, Female, Genetic Variation, Lung virology, Male, Minisatellite Repeats genetics, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal virology, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Risk Factors, Swine microbiology, Lung pathology, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae genetics, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal pathology
- Abstract
The importance of diversity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) strains is not yet fully known. This study investigated the genetic diversity of M. hyopneumoniae strains in ten pig herds, and assessed associations between the presence of different strains of M. hyopneumoniae and lung lesions at slaughter. Within each herd, three batches of slaughter pigs were investigated. At slaughter, from each batch, 20 post mortem bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected for multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and lung lesions (Mycoplasma-like lesions, fissures) were examined. Multivariable analyses including potential risk factors for respiratory disease were performed to assess associations between the number of different strains per batch (three categories: one strain, two-six strains, ≥seven strains), and the lung lesions as outcome variables. In total, 135 different M. hyopneumoniae strains were found. The mean (min.-max.) number of different strains per batch were 7 (1-13). Batches with two-six strains or more than six strains had more severe Mycoplasma-like lesions (P = 0.064 and P = 0.012, respectively), a higher prevalence of pneumonia [odds ratio (OR): 1.30, P = 0.33 and OR: 2.08, P = 0.012, respectively], and fissures (OR = 1.35, P = 0.094 and OR = 1.70, P = 0.007, respectively) compared to batches with only one strain. In conclusion, many different M. hyopneumoniae strains were found, and batches of slaughter pigs with different M. hyopneumoniae strains had a higher prevalence and severity of Mycoplasma-like lung lesions at slaughter, implying that reducing the number of different strains may lead to less lung lesions at slaughter and better respiratory health of the pigs. more...
- Published
- 2017
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15. Efficacy of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination before and at weaning against experimental challenge infection in pigs.
- Author
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Arsenakis I, Panzavolta L, Michiels A, Del Pozo Sacristán R, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, and Maes D
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- Animals, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid microbiology, Sus scrofa, Swine, Vaccination standards, Bacterial Vaccines standards, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal pathology, Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary, Weaning
- Abstract
Background: Commercial bacterins are widely used at weaning to control Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. However, it is not known whether the efficacy of vaccinating against M. hyopneumoniae can be influenced by the weaning process when vaccination is applied at the day of weaning. The present study assessed the efficacy of a single M. hyopneumoniae vaccination (Ingelvac MycoFLEX®) three days before weaning (V1) or at weaning (V2) against experimental challenge infection. Four weeks after vaccination, groups V1 and V2 (n = 20 pigs each) and a non-vaccinated, positive control group (PCG) (n = 20) were endotracheally inoculated with a virulent M. hyopneumoniae field strain. Five pigs were used as a negative control group. All pigs were euthanized 5 weeks after challenge. The main parameters investigated included macroscopic and histopathological lung lesions at necropsy, immunofluorescence (IF) staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for quantifying M. hyopneumoniae., Results: The average macroscopic lung lesion scores in groups V1, V2 and PCG were 0.54, 0.88 and 1.04, respectively (P > 0.05). The average lymphohistiocytic infiltration scores in groups V1, V2 and PCG were 2.95, 3.16 and 3.61, respectively (P < 0.05). The average IF scores were: V1 = 1.13, V2 = 1.19 and PCG = 1.25 (P > 0.05), the qPCR values were: V1 = 10(2.94), V2 = 10(2.76) and PCG = 10(3.23) (P > 0.05). All pigs of the negative control group remained negative throughout the study., Conclusions: Both vaccinated groups had lower numbers of macroscopic and histopathological lung lesions, and lower numbers of M. hyopneumoniae organisms in the BAL fluid compared to the PCG. However, no firm conclusions could be made on whether weaning negatively influences the efficacy of M. hyopneumoniae vaccination, since significant differences between the treatment groups were only obtained for the histopathological lung lesions. This could be attributed to the fact that milder macroscopic lung lesions were produced in the inoculated pigs, when compared to previous trials conducted by the same group. Further research under field conditions is warranted to assess possible differences between the two vaccination strategies. more...
- Published
- 2016
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16. Porcine semen as a vector for transmission of viral pathogens.
- Author
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Maes D, Van Soom A, Appeltant R, Arsenakis I, and Nauwynck H
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Swine, Swine Diseases transmission, Virus Diseases transmission, Insemination, Artificial veterinary, Semen virology, Swine Diseases virology, Virus Diseases veterinary
- Abstract
Different viruses have been detected in porcine semen. Some of them are on the list of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and consequently, these pathogens are of socioeconomic and/or public health importance and are of major importance in the international trade of animals and animal products. Artificial insemination (AI) is one of the most commonly used assisted reproductive technologies in pig production worldwide. This extensive use has enabled pig producers to benefit from superior genetics at a lower cost compared to natural breeding. However, the broad distribution of processed semen doses for field AI has increased the risk of widespread transmission of swine viral pathogens. Contamination of semen can be due to infections of the boar or can occur during semen collection, processing, and storage. It can result in reduced semen quality, embryonic mortality, endometritis, and systemic infection and/or disease in the recipient female. The presence of viral pathogens in semen can be assessed by demonstration of viable virus, nucleic acid of virus, or indirectly by measuring serum antibodies in the boar. The best way to prevent disease transmission via the semen is to assure that the boars in AI centers are free from the disease, to enforce very strict biosecurity protocols, and to perform routine health monitoring of boars. Prevention of viral semen contamination should be the primary focus because it is easier to prevent contamination than to eliminate viruses once present in semen. Nevertheless, research and development of novel semen processing treatments such as single-layer centrifugation is ongoing and may allow in the future to decontaminate semen., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2016
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17. Erythema Multiforme Associated with Respiratory Disease in a Commercial Breeding Pig Herd.
- Author
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Papatsiros VG, Athanasiou LV, Psalla D, Petridou E, Maragkakis GG, Papatsas I, Arsenakis I, and Maes D
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- Animals, Bacteria isolation & purification, Erythema Multiforme complications, Erythema Multiforme epidemiology, Erythema Multiforme pathology, Female, Histocytochemistry, Microscopy, Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus isolation & purification, Respiratory Tract Diseases epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases pathology, Swine, Swine Diseases diagnosis, Erythema Multiforme veterinary, Respiratory Tract Diseases veterinary, Swine Diseases epidemiology, Swine Diseases pathology
- Abstract
This study describes an erythema multiforme (EM) in breeding sows, after their mixing in the group housing system. Sows at 30-35 days of gestation showed red and raised skin areas, depression, anorexia, fever, respiratory problems, and increased return to estrus. Blood and nasal samples from diseased sows were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for respiratory pathogens. Hematological and biochemical analyses were performed on the blood samples. From diseased sows, vaginal swabs for microbiological examinations and samples at slaughterhouse for gross and microscopic examinations were collected. Samples from the complete gestation and lactation feed were examined for mycotoxins. All sampled sows were seropositive for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). No viremia for PRRSV and porcine circovirus type 2 were detected. All nasal samples were positive for Streptococcus suis, one for Swine Influenza Virus and one for App, Hemophilus parasuis, and S. suis. In all vaginal swabs, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. were detected. Diseased sows had moderate leukocytosis, mild anemia, and thrombocytopenia. No mycotoxins were detected in feed. Histopathological examination revealed increased vascularization of the superficial and middle dermis. EM was likely due to illness caused by viral and bacterial infections. This study suggests that stress caused by the sows' mixing might have triggered the problem. more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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