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Abstract While general cognitive skills decline during aging, numerical skills seem to be mainly preserved. Such skills are essential for an independent life up to old age, e.g., when dealing with money or time. Operating with numbers usually requires number magnitude and place-value processing. The question is whether these processes are negatively affected by aging due to the general cognitive decline or positively affected due to lifelong experience with numbers. Therefore, we investigated age-related changes in the distance and compatibility effects in single-digit, two-digit, and four-digit number comparison. On the one hand, older adults took longer for number processing and showed a smaller distance effect, indicating altered number magnitude representations. On the other hand, older adults were better in place-value processing as indicated by a smaller compatibility effect than in younger adults. We conclude that aging differentially affects basic numerical skills.

Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of the proliferative marker ARID1a in endometrial biopsies of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and obesity and its role in the pathogenesis of endometrial dysfunction. Materials and methods. The study included 40 endometrial samples from patients of reproductive age with AUB-E: 20 from patients with AUB-E and obesity (group 1) and 20 from patients with normal body mass index (BMI) and AUB (group 2). 10 endometrial samples were obtained from healthy women of reproductive age, taken on the 2nd-3rd day of the menstrual cycle. All patients underwent histological examination according to the standard procedure. At the second stage, an immunohistochemical study of the ARID1a proliferation marker was performed using polyclonal rabbit antibodies to Anti-ARID1a (clone EPR13501-73) in standard dilution (1:500) according to the protocol of the manufacturer Abcam (Great Britain). The IBM SPSS Statistics v.26 program (IBM Corporation, USA) was used for statistical data analysis. To determine statistically significant differences between quantitative parameters with a normal distribution, one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used with the calculation of a 95% confidence interval followed by the post-hoc Games-Howell test for multiple comparisons. The differences were considered significant at p

The steady increase in the number of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) has a negative impact on a woman's reproductive health. Obesity is defined as one of the risk factors for AUB and its role in the development of AUB-M and AUB-O has been studied to date. However, our earlier analysis of the results of histological examination of endometrial biopsies showed that in obese women with AUB, the desquamation phase (AUB-E) is significantly more common in the endometrium than in normal-weight women. One of the possible pathogenetic mechanisms may be abnormal endometrial vascularization due to systemic proinflammatory status and local tissue hypoxia. Aim. To identify the features of the expression of endothelial markers CD34+ and eNOS in endometrial biopsies of patients with AUB and obesity and their role in the pathogenesis of endometrial dysfunction. Materials and methods. A prospective randomized cohort study included 40 patients of reproductive age with AUB-E. Depending on the presence of obesity, women were stratified into 2 groups: 20 patients with AUB-E and obesity (group 1) and 20 normal-weight patients with AUB-E (group 2). 10 healthy women of reproductive age were included as a control group. All patients underwent endometrial biopsy followed by histological examination according to the standard procedure. At the second stage, an immunohistochemical study of CD34+ and eNOS angiogenesis markers was performed using monoclonal mouse antibodies in standard dilution. The IBM SPSS Statistics v.26 program (IBM Corporation, USA) was used for statistical data analysis. Results. CD34+ expression in patients with AUB and obesity was significantly higher than in normal-weight patients with AUB and healthy women (2,5±0,2, respectively; 95% CI 2,1–2,8 vs. 1,8±0,2; 95% CI 1,5–2,2 and 0,5±0,1; 95% CI 0,4–0,6; p1-2=0,03; p1-3

Developing a competent personality involves conceptualising the content of language education. In implementing the New Ukrainian School reform, many problematic issues arise regarding the practical reorientation to new standards. Special attention needs to be paid to the organisation of the educational activities of male and female students, in which their integrated ability to apply acquired knowledge in life situations is formed. The research of linguists is focused on developing interconnected ways of combining the subject and key competencies of learners, which contribute to their successful socialisation in society. Considering educational requirements makes it necessary to highlight the methodological potential of forming mathematical competence as a component of linguistic personality. The following methods were used to solve the outlined tasks: analysis and synthesis of scientific research, induction and deduction to determine the categorical concept and substantiation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the problem. The article analyses modern approaches and principles of language learning, particularly Ukrainian syntax. The concept of "mathematical competence of secondary school students in learning the syntax of the Ukrainian language" has been interpreted. The system of didactic tools for forming students' mathematical competence has been organised. The results of the conducted research are the basis of the professional activities of the lexicographer in the lessons in the preparation of harmoniously developed students of general secondary education institutions.

Aim: to determine the most informative immunohistochemical markers of recurrent endometrial hyperplasia without atypia in women of childbearing age. Methods. Prospective analysis of 89 patients of childbearing age was performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Perinatology, Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. During the study the patients were divided into two cohorts based on the EH course: the index group (n=45) was represented by patients with the morphologically verified recurrent endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (one or more episodes within a year), the control group (n=44) was represented by patients with the newly diagnosed endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. The average age of patients in the studied cohort was 44±3.0 years (comparison group – 42±2.0 years). Results. Immunohistochemical markers of recurrence were identified during the study: high Ki-67 expression (p

The paper describes a new version of the integral power theory in the $\alpha - \beta $ reference frame, which combines the advantages of the well-known instantaneous and integral power theories, and a shunt active filtering strategy based on it. From p-q power theory, it takes the $\alpha - \beta $ reference frame and separation of instantaneous powers on average and oscillating components. The three-phase current decomposition of integral Currents’ Physical Components power theory in the frequency domain was improved by dividing the unbalance power component into two orthogonal components with separate integral unbalance powers. The method is proposed for determining these two integral unbalance power components using double fundamental frequency functions. This method was practically implemented by performing real-time algebraic operations with the instantaneous power oscillating components and $\alpha - \beta $ voltage coordinates synchronized with a three-phase network. Based on this current decomposition in $\alpha - \beta $ reference frame, the compensation three-component signal for shunt active filtering is proposed, each component of which is proportional to a separate integral inactive power. However, to save voltage and current sensors and avoid the need for a voltage reference point, the input and output information for the shunt active filter control system is set in the two-wattmeter reference frame. The proposed control system successfully passed the verification by computer simulation with selective compensation of the inactive power components. The suggested compensation algorithm has shown its effectiveness and reliability for a linear and even a non-linear load.

The economic sector of Ukraine has experienced transformative shifts toward e-commerce. This prosperous sphere of the digital economy attracts much prominence among legislative bodies since its growth rates increase annually, making the issue of taxation urgent. The article is aimed at monitoring the status of e-commerce through the prism of the development and spread of e-commerce in the domestic segment of the Internet, the impact of e-commerce on the national economy, and also at developing proposals for improving certain aspects of the taxation of business entities in Ukraine with due regard for the positive international experience and minimising the risks of fraud in the sale of goods (services) on the Internet. The study employs a combination of general theoretical and economic-mathematical methods, which are fundamental to scientific inquiry. This article presents research findings related to several key aspects. First, it examines the development and proliferation of e-commerce within Ukraine. Second, it elucidates the impact of e-commerce on the national economy. Additionally, the article addresses pertinent issues regarding the taxation of entities engaged in e-commerce within contemporary contexts. Moreover, it delves into the complex problem of protecting e-commerce participants from online fraud. Finally, the article suggests measures that can positively affect the taxation framework governing e-commerce and minimize the associated risks of fraudulent activities within the online marketplace. The author provided general conclusions on legislative changes against the background of the development of online commerce, analysed the peculiarities of the development and functioning of e-commerce under martial law, and, based on data from other countries, formed a unified vision of further changes in this area. The materials presented in this article hold practical value for a diverse audience, including scholars and practitioners in the field of e-commerce, educators at higher education institutions, and stakeholders concerned with the continued development and regulation of e-commerce.

A significant problem in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (hereinafter referred to as the SDGs) is insufficient financial support. The size of the investment gap before the pandemic, according to UN estimates, was $3.3-$4.5 trillion per year. The pandemic has significantly exacerbated the already difficult situation with financing, and has also set back humanity in achieving a number of the SDGs. The list of potential sources of offsetting the financial gap includes new taxes on the wealthy and pollution, debt relief for low- and middle-income countries, elimination of tax loopholes, redirection of subsidies from environmentally destructive activities, etc. However, a more market-oriented and gentle solution to the problem, both globally and at the level of individual countries, is the use of responsible investment tools. After all, ESG indicators are taken into account by investors and financial institutions when making investment and lending decisions, as well as by counterparties and suppliers in the course of commercial activities. ESG indicators are information about the environmental, social and governance factors of a company that are key to measuring the sustainability and ethical impact of investments in a company and business. The successful implementation of responsible investment is hampered by the existence of information asymmetry, for example, in the form of ESG mimicry. It means the use of various techniques that indicate the company's involvement in ESG, which is not really true. The goal of this article is to analyze effective methods for reducing information asymmetry in the ESG segment. It is proved that the use of responsible investment benchmarks in the form of ESG ratings can reduce the level of information asymmetry and increase the efficiency of responsible investment. In addition, the paper proposes a five-phase process for creating an ESG rating, which summarizes the experience of the best international practices and allows for more relevant assessments of companies' ESG efforts.

One of the most pressing problems of our time is obesity, recognized by the WHO as a pandemic of the XXI century. It is important to remember that obesity is a full-fledged nosological entity, but many women think that obesity is just a problem of beauty and aesthetics. It is important to note that this nosology has a number of serious consequences, starting with the development of cardiovascular disease and ending with cancer. However, the “problem in the problem” is the so-called “metabesity” – a new term that reflects a number of diseases, the pathogenesis of which is based on the metabolic syndrome. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and metabesity seem to be different concepts, but the absolute identity of the pathogenetic basis characterizes them as successive stages of one global process. In this regard, it is necessary to highlight the key mechanisms of the development of the described disorders and to consider the concept of clinical management of patients in this cohort.

The pigment composition of plant seed coat affects important properties such as resistance to pathogens, pre-harvest sprouting, and mechanical hardness. The dark color of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain can be attributed to the synthesis and accumulation of two groups of pigments. Blue and purple grain color is associated with the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. Gray and black grain color is caused by melanin. These pigments may accumulate in the grain shells both individually and together. Therefore, it is difficult to visually distinguish which pigments are responsible for the dark color of the grain. Chemical methods are used to accurately determine the presence/absence of pigments; however, they are expensive and labor-intensive. Therefore, the development of a new method for quickly assessing the presence of pigments in the grain would help in investigating the mechanisms of genetic control of the pigment composition of barley grains. In this work, we developed a method for assessing the presence or absence of anthocyanins and melanin in the barley grain shell based on digital image analysis using computer vision and machine learning algo rithms. A protocol was developed to obtain digital RGB images of barley grains. Using this protocol, a total of 972 images were acquired for 108 barley accessions. Seed coat from these accessions may contain anthocyanins, melanins, or pigments of both types. Chemical methods were used to accurately determine the pigment content of the grains. Four models based on computer vision techniques and convolutional neural networks of different architectures were developed to predict grain pigment composition from images. The U-Net network model based on the EfficientNetB0 topology showed the best performance in the holdout set (the value of the “accuracy” parameter was 0.821).

Abstract Functional lateralization was previously established for various cognitive domains—but not for number processing. Although numbers are considered to be bilaterally represented in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), there are some indications of different functional roles of the left vs. right IPS in processing number pairs with small vs. large distance, respectively. This raises the question whether number size plays a distinct role in the lateralization within the IPS. In our preregistered study, we applied anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left vs. right IPS to investigate the effect of stimulation as compared to sham on small vs. large distance, in both single-digit and two-digit number comparison. We expected that anodal tDCS over the left IPS facilitates number comparison with small distance, while anodal tDCS over the right IPS facilitates number comparison with large distance. Results indicated no effect of stimulation; however, exploratory analyses revealed that tDCS over the right IPS slowed down single-digit number processing after controlling for the training effect. In conclusion, number magnitude processing might be bilaterally represented in the IPS, however, our exploratory analyses emphasise the need for further investigation on functional lateralization of number processing.

The prevalence of endometrial polyps (EP) ranges from 7.8 to 34.9%, and in the group of patients with symptoms reaches 24%. The natural course of EP is unclear, the frequency of spontaneous regression of EP varies from 6.3% to 57.1%, but it is impossible to accurately predict the nature of the growth of an individual polyp and the probability of regression. A successful operation does not guarantee against recurrence of the disease: according to various authors, the frequency of postoperative recurrence of EP varies from 5.6% to 43.6%, depending on the duration of observa-tion and the nature of polyps. To improve the results of EP treatment, to determine the target groups for hysteroscopic polypectomy, it is impor-tant to have an understanding of the risk factors for recurrence of EP. The analysis of scientific publications in the databases eLibrary, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct was performed, according to the keywords endometrial polyps/endometrial polyp, recurrence/recurrence, risk factors/risk factors, reproductive age/reproductive age, premenopausal age/premenopausal age for 2013–2023. The obtained results of the liter-ature analysis allow us to conclude about the influence of age, multiple nature of polyps, chronic endometritis on the risk of recurrence of EP. In addition, other factors may be involved in the development of recurrent polyps. For a more accurate assessment of the contribution of various risk factors to the recurrence of EP, it is necessary to perform high-quality scientific research. The purpose of the work: to analyze the available literature data and summarize the information received to date on the clinical and anamnestic risk factors of EP.

Aim. To establish predictors of recurrent course of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) without atypia in women of reproductive age. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 180 patients of reproductive age was performed on the basis of the Department of Obstet-rics and Gynecology with a course of perinatology at the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia in Semashko Clinical Hospital "RZD-Medicine" in 2020–2023. During the study, two cohorts of patients were formed depending on the course of EH: group 1 – the main group (n=95) was represented by patients with morphologically verified recurrent EH without atypia during a year of follow-up (1 or more episodes of relapse), group 2 – comparison (n=85) – patients with morphologically verified EH without a history of atypia, with no recurrence of hyperplasia during the year. The average age of patients in the studied cohort was 43±3.0 years (comparison groups – 40±2.0 years). Results. In a cohort of patients suffering from morphologically confirmed recurrent EH without atypia, a high incidence of the following predic-tors was established during the year: refusal/absence of medication in the anamnesis – 32.2%, duration of therapy (less than 6 months) – 23.2%, cyclic mode of progestogen use (from the 14th to the 26th day of menstrual cycle – MC/from 16 on the 26th day of the MC) – 15.8%. Patients with recurrent EH were significantly more likely to be obese in 45.3%, arterial hypertension – 38.9%, severe vitamin D deficiency – 32.6%, vitamin D deficiency – 40%, chronic endometritis – 41.1%. Conclusion. Predictors of recurrent course of EH without atypia in women of reproductive age are: refusal/absence of taking medication in anamnesis (odds ratio – OR 39.909; 95% confidence interval – CI 4.899–278.068), duration of therapy less than 6 months (OR 12.507; 95% CI 2.843–55.015), cyclic mode of progestogen use – from the 14th to the 26th day of the MC/from the 16th to the 26th day of the MC (OR 8.893; 95% CI 1.966–40.229). Patients with recurrent EH were significantly more likely to have severe vitamin D deficiency (OR 13.466; 95% CI 5.323–34.068), chronic endometritis (OR 4.237; 95% CI 2.032–8.833), hypertension (OR 3.881; 95% CI 1.858–8.801), obesity (OR 2.368; 95% CI 1.259–4.453), vitamin D deficiency (OR 1.574; 95% CI 0.814–3.045). Prevention of non-atypical hyperplasia with progestogens and lifestyle mod-ification carries a wide range of benefits, including those associated with a favorable fertility prognosis.

Today, endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is among the most relevant gynecological entities. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity, the combination of which is referred to as metabolic syndrome, are the key risk factors of EH. The incidence of EH and endometrial cancer grows proportionally based on the rapid increase in the prevalence of this set of symptoms among patients in the 21st century. Currently, there is a clear histological gradation of EH into atypical form and EH without atypia, which represents a key factor of the clinical management strategy (conser-vative or surgical) determination. However, high EH relapse rate after conservative treatment is the most important challenge of EH. In this re-gard, it is necessary to consider modern options for prevention of recurrent EH without atypia in patients of different ages.

INTRODUCTION. The Eurasian Economic Union has been in existence for more than 8 years and during this time has achieved certain successes in economic integration. However, in order to continue progressive development, constant work is required to improve the institutional structure, including the reform of Eurasian Economic Commission (hereinafter referred to as the EEC), by using the experience of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the EU). In this article explores the Eurasian Economic Commission’s right to apply to the Court of Justice of the EAEU.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study uses the works of both Russian and foreign specialists in the field of European law and EAEU law, as well as analyses of the EU and EAEU legal acts. General scientific methods of knowledge - analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction - were used during the study. Special legal methods - formal-legal, technical-legal, the method of legal analogy, as well as the comparative legal method - were also used in the work.RESEARCH RESULTS. As follows from the analysis of the law enforcement practice of the EEC, almost every year during the monitoring of the implementation of the Union law by the member states, the Commission reveals various violations of the integration legal order, most often concerning the obligations in the field of the EAEU internal market. Based on the results of monitoring, the Commission sends notifications to member states in the form of decisions, which the member states are obliged to implement, but in the future the Commission cannot influence them if they do not implement the Commission's decision. Thus, the Eurasian Economic Commission, as a regulatory body of the Union, at this stage of development of Eurasian integration does not have enough power to perform the tasks assigned to it by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union and other legal acts. In this connection, it is necessary to amend the legal acts governing the activities of the EEC, in particular to give the Commission the right to appeal to the EAEU Court on cases of non-compliance by member states with the prescriptions of the law of the Union. At the same time, it is important to note that the European Commission (hereinafter – the EC) has the relevant right, which allows it to more effectively perform the tasks assigned to it by the EU constituent treaties – this, in turn, allows the EAEU to adopt the positive features of the EC functioning, thereby improving the activities of the Eurasian Economic Commission.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. As part of the research, the authors analyse the legal status of the EEC, its powers, the grounds for the Commission's application to the EAEU Court, the competence of the EAEU Court, as well as the prospects of the EEC's right to apply to the Court of EAEU. The authors conduct a brief comparative legal analysis of the powers of the Eurasian Economic Commission and the European Commission, as well as the competence of the European Court of Justice and the Court of EAEU. The main problem is highlighted - the lack of EEC's competence to apply to the Court of EAEU to resolve a dispute. As a result of the study, it is proposed to grant the Commission the right to apply to the Court, as well as expand the competence of the EAEU Court.

IntroductionPubescence is an important phenotypic trait observed in both vegetative and generative plant organs. Pubescent plants demonstrate increased resistance to various environmental stresses such as drought, low temperatures, and pests. It serves as a significant morphological marker and aids in selecting stress-resistant cultivars, particularly in wheat. In wheat, pubescence is visible on leaves, leaf sheath, glumes and nodes. Regarding glumes, the presence of pubescence plays a pivotal role in its classification. It supplements other spike characteristics, aiding in distinguishing between different varieties within the wheat species. The determination of pubescence typically involves visual analysis by an expert. However, methods without the use of binocular loupe tend to be subjective, while employing additional equipment is labor-intensive. This paper proposes an integrated approach to determine glume pubescence presence in spike images captured under laboratory conditions using a digital camera and convolutional neural networks.MethodsInitially, image segmentation is conducted to extract the contour of the spike body, followed by cropping of the spike images to an equal size. These images are then classified based on glume pubescence (pubescent/glabrous) using various convolutional neural network architectures (Resnet-18, EfficientNet-B0, and EfficientNet-B1). The networks were trained and tested on a dataset comprising 9,719 spike images.ResultsFor segmentation, the U-Net model with EfficientNet-B1 encoder was chosen, achieving the segmentation accuracy IoU = 0.947 for the spike body and 0.777 for awns. The classification model for glume pubescence with the highest performance utilized the EfficientNet-B1 architecture. On the test sample, the model exhibited prediction accuracy parameters of F1 = 0.85 and AUC = 0.96, while on the holdout sample it showed F1 = 0.84 and AUC = 0.89. Additionally, the study investigated the relationship between image scale, artificial distortions, and model prediction performance, revealing that higher magnification and smaller distortions yielded a more accurate prediction of glume pubescence.

The problematic field of the article focuses on aspects of genre and style transformation of well-known musical content that is recognizable and stylistically significant. In contemporary non-academic art, the established semantics of the original source is subject to change under the influence of a new creative rethinking, the possibilities of which are only increasing in the context of the technologies of the twenty-first century. These possibilities are embodied in various visual formats: from direct citation to borrowing or processing with its variations. The relevance of this topic lies in the need to study the phenomenon of citation as such, as well as to research and systematize other means of genre and style transformation of musical material. The direct object of the study is mostly music of the so-called “light” genres, music of mass culture, due to more mobile, transparent and visual observation opportunities. The author offers a self-made classification of possible methods of borrowing someone else’s text as a means of compositional technique, as well as of individual genres: cover, remake, borrowing, allusion, sampling. In the context of the study of the phenomenon of “musical text”, the peculiarities of realization and perception of the artistic and integral result are traced. As a result, several types of citation that have become widespread in contemporary music are distinguished.

Introduction. Experimental induction of spermatogenesis disorders is possible mainly by physical, pharmacological methods. However, not all methods can cause non-obstructive azoospermia.Objective. To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of induction of spermatogenesis disorders in rat models by applying ligatures to the spermatic cords and administration of cisplatin.Materials & methods. Seventy-three mature male rats (Wistar) were divided into 2 experimental groups and 1 control (n = 9) group: group 1 (n = 27) with ligature on the spermatic cord for 12 h (n = 9), 24 h (n = 9), 36 h (n = 9); group 2 (n = 37) with five-fold intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin at concentrations of 5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg. On days 0, 7, 14, 28 after the last day of induction of spermatogenesis disorders, epididymal semen analysis, blood test, total serum testosterone, pathomorphological examination of testes tissue, body weight, reproductive system organ weight were performed to assess model performance.Results. Ligation to the spermatic cords did not have a negative effect on the general condition of the animals (p < 0.05), blood test (p < 0.05); there was a decrease in the testicular weight (p < 0.05), the appendage of the testis (p < 0.05), prostate (p < 0.05), the weight of the seminal vesicles did not change (p > 0.05). In group 1, the number of epidermal spermatozoa decreased in all subgroups, statistically significant changes were recorded at 7 (exposure 24 h) and 28 (exposure 12, 36 h) days of research. Histologically, there was no significant inhibition of spermatogenesis, except for a decrease in the area, diameter of the seminal tubules on 7, 28 days after surgery (exposure 24, 36 h). In group 2, the survival of animals was noted only when using cisplatin at a dose of 1 mg/kg five times. Body weight decreased in all rats without recovery, thrombocytopenia recorded after 1 wk, leukocytopenia regressed by 2 wk of the study. A decrease in the weight of all reproductive organs was noted. Sperm concentration decreased at 1 wk and recovered at 28 wk. In the analysis of testicular biopsies: pronounced disorganization of the spermatogenic epithelium, a decrease in the absolute area and diameter of the seminal tubules.Conclusion. Ligation to the spermatic cord does not cause permanent inhibition of spermatogenesis. Cisplatin at a dose of 1 mg/kg causes persistent severe damage to the spermatogenic epithelium.

The article concludes that property as a special object is a separate thing, a set of things, as well as property rights and obligations. This understanding, despite the existence of certain terminological differences, coincides with its general understanding in the system of legal knowledge of certain countries of the Romano-Germanic legal family, in particular, countries with a pact system of law, and corresponds to the content of Article 1 of Protocol 1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In the legal literature, it includes any economic benefits, objects of both the material and intangible world, which are in the state of appropriation of a person. At the same time, the word “property”, as used in Article 1 of Protocol 1 to the Convention, refers to an object of economic value. In this sense, property is an economic category and synonymous with the economic concept of “ownership”. This is also indicated by the use of such concepts as “assets”, “funds”, “profit”, “goodwill”, “accumulated intangible assets of the enterprise”, “property of economic value” in the ECHR judgments to describe the category of property. From the legal point of view, it is justified that only things, collections of things, and animals are considered by the legislation and doctrine of the countries of the continental legal system as objects of property rights or other property rights. They are the only ones empowered with a legal regime of things. Such types of benefits as property rights (legal claims) and obligations cannot be owned by a person on the basis of property rights. They may have the legal regime of objects of intellectual property relations, obligations, corporate relations, but not ownership or other property rights. It has been established that property rights are not the only means of securing the assets of business entities. They may also be owned by the latter on the basis of other rights (e.g., obligatory rights). It has been proved that in this case, a business company is not an owner, but, for example, a lessee (tenant), a user under a loan agreement, a mortgage agreement as a mortgagor, etc.