321 results on '"Arthritis, Juvenile etiology"'
Search Results
2. Antibiotic exposure in prenatal and early life and risk of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a nationwide register-based cohort study.
- Author
-
Hestetun S, Andersen S, Sanner H, and Størdal K
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Pregnancy, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Cohort Studies, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Norway epidemiology, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Arthritis, Juvenile epidemiology, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Abstract
Objectives: Early antibiotic exposure influences the gut microbiota which is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We aimed to investigate the association between systemic antibiotics in prenatal and early life and risk of JIA., Methods: We conducted a register-based cohort study including all children born in Norway from 2004 through 2012. The children were followed until 31 December 2020. Main exposures were dispensed antibiotics to the mother during pregnancy and to the child during 0-24 months of age. The outcome was defined by diagnostic codes indicating JIA. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between antibiotic exposure and JIA., Results: We included 535 294 children and their mothers in the analyses; 1011 cases were identified. We found an association between exposure to systemic antibiotics during 0-24 months and JIA (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.40, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.59), with a stronger association for >1 course (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.74) vs 1 course (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.53). Subanalyses showed significant associations in all age periods except 0-6 months, and stronger association with sulfonamides/trimethoprim and broad-spectrum antibiotics. There was no association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and JIA., Conclusions: The novel observation of no association with prenatal antibiotic exposure and JIA suggests that the association between antibiotics in early life and JIA is unlikely to be confounded by shared family factors. This may indicate that exposure to antibiotics in early life is an independent risk factor for JIA., Competing Interests: Competing interests: SH: none declared, SA has received travel funding from Ferring pharmaceuticals., HS: none declared, KS: none declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Infant gut microbiota and environment associate with juvenile idiopathic arthritis many years prior to disease onset, especially in genetically vulnerable children.
- Author
-
Kindgren E, Ahrens AP, Triplett EW, and Ludvigsson J
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Infant, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Prospective Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Abstract
Background: The etiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is poorly understood. This study investigated genetic and environmental factors and infant gut microbiota in a prospective birth cohort to assess disease risk., Methods: Data was collected from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) population-based cohort (n = 17,055), 111 of whom later acquired JIA (ABIS
JIA ). Stool samples were collected at one year of age for 10.4%. To determine disease association, 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed, with and without confound adjustment. Genetic and environmental risks were assessed., Findings: ABISJIA had higher abundance of Acidaminococcales, Prevotella 9, and Veillonella parvula and lower abundance of Coprococcus, Subdoligranulum, Phascolarctobacterium, Dialister spp., Bifidobacterium breve, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Roseburia intestinalis, and Akkermansia muciniphila (q's < 0.05). Parabacteroides distasonis greatly increased the odds of later contracting JIA (OR = 6.7; 1.81-24.84, p = 0.0045). Shorter breastfeeding duration and increased antibiotic exposure compounded risk in a dose-dependent manner, especially in those with genetic predisposition., Interpretation: Microbial dysregulation in infancy may trigger or accelerate JIA development. Environmental risk factors have a stronger impact on genetically predisposed children. This study is the first to implicate microbial dysregulation in JIA at such an early age, with many bacterial taxa associated with risk factors. These findings provide opportunities for intervention or early screening and offer new insights into JIA pathogenesis., Funding: Barndiabetesfonden; Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research; Swedish Research Council; Östgöta Brandstodsbolag; Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden; JDRF-Wallenberg Foundation; Linköping., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Early intra-articular corticosteroid injection is predictors of remission of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Filosco F, Giallongo A, Leonardi S, Tomaselli V, and Barone P
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Child, Preschool, Retrospective Studies, Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Adrenal Cortex Hormones adverse effects, Methotrexate therapeutic use, Injections, Intra-Articular adverse effects, Injections, Intra-Articular methods, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology
- Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess predictors of remission in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), treated with intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI) as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate (MTX)., Methods: A retrospective study of 43 patients diagnosed with different JIA subtypes and followed-up at a tertiary center between 2000 and 2014. We included patients treated with IACI as monotherapy or in combination with MTX at onset or thereafter. We excluded patients treated with MTX as monotherapy or in combination with biologics. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of assigned treatment. Primary outcomes were disease remission and duration. We performed descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis and cross-correlation analysis between variables. Statistically significant results (P value <0.05) were chosen as variables for multivariate analysis., Results: Median age of onset was 4.56 years (SD±3.85). Median time between disease onset and first IACI was 16.9 months (SD±34.7). We evaluated between time to remission in relation to age, time interval between onset and first IACI, time between onset and start of treatment with MTX, and time between first and second IACI. All of these were statistically significant (P value <0.05) in bivariate analysis, but time between onset and first IACI was the only statistically significant result, using multiple linear regression analysis. Therefore, in our study, 37 patients (86%) of patients went into remission on medication after a median disease duration of 48.8 months., Conclusions: We found that remission was related to time between onset and first IACI. Our predictive model showed that early IACI can be considered as a strong predictor of remission.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Tumors Constitute a Majority of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients <21 Years Old: A United States Nationwide Analysis.
- Author
-
Gibbons JAB, Kahlenberg CA, Jannat-Khah DP, Christ AB, Goodman SM, Sculco PK, Figgie MP, and Mehta BY
- Subjects
- Humans, United States, Young Adult, Adult, Retrospective Studies, Hospitals, Urban, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee adverse effects, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Neoplasms
- Abstract
Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is rarely performed in patients under 21 years old, but the frequency of utilization of TKA in this population in the United States is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in the use of TKA in patients <21 in the United States. Additionally, we aimed to determine the characteristics of these patients and the hospitals in which this procedure is performed., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the Kids' Inpatient Database, a national weighted sample of all inpatient hospital admissions in the United States in patients <21 years of age. We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10 codes to identify patients undergoing TKA from 2000 to 2019 and determine a primary diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were calculated using the appropriate sample weights., Results: The total weighted number of TKAs performed in patients <21 years from 2000 to 2019 was 1,535. There were 70.9% of TKAs performed for a primary diagnosis of tumor, and the use of TKA for malignant tumors has increased. In contrast, the use of TKA for inflammatory arthritis/juvenile idiopathic arthritis decreased significantly over the study period. The majority of TKAs were performed in urban teaching hospitals with a large bed size., Conclusion: Approximately 1,535 TKAs have been performed in patients <21 years from 2000 to 2019 in the United States. The majority of these procedures were performed for reconstruction after resection of a malignant tumor. The rate of TKA for inflammatory arthritis/juvenile idiopathic arthritis has decreased over the past two decades., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Temporal Relationship Between Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Disease Activity and Uveitis Disease Activity.
- Author
-
Liebling EJ, Faig W, Chang JC, Mendoza E, Moore N, Vicioso NL, and Lerman MA
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Retrospective Studies, Tertiary Care Centers statistics & numerical data, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Disease Progression, Uveitis complications
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether there is a temporal association between arthritis and uveitis activity among children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U)., Methods: Uveitis and arthritis data from patients with JIA-U age ≤21 years were collected from July 2013 to December 2019 at a tertiary care center. Arthritis activity was assessed at each rheumatology visit, and the primary outcome was the presence of active uveitis at ophthalmologic examination within 45 days of the rheumatology visit. Repeated-measures logistic regression was used to evaluate the temporal association between any uveitis activity within 45 days of arthritis activity. Models were adjusted for demographic-, disease-, and treatment-related factors., Results: A total of 98 patients were included: 81 (83%) female, 67 (69%) antinuclear antibody positive, 59 (60%) oligoarticular, and 13 (13%) enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) subtypes. There were 1,229 rheumatology visits, with a median of 13 visits per patient (interquartile range 7-18). Concordance between arthritis and uveitis activity was observed 73% of the time (694 of 947). There was an independent temporal association between uveitis and arthritis activity (odds ratio 2.47 [95% confidence interval 1.72-3.54]; P < 0.01), adjusted for demographic and disease characteristics. Use of combination biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, female sex, HLA-B27 positivity, and ERA and polyarticular (rheumatoid factor negative) subtypes were associated with decreased odds of active uveitis at any time point., Conclusion: In patients with JIA-U, there is a significant temporal association between arthritis and uveitis disease activity. These novel results suggest that an arthritis flare should prompt an expedited referral to the ophthalmologist., (© 2020 American College of Rheumatology.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Moving from nature to nurture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of environmental factors associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Clarke SLN, Mageean KS, Maccora I, Harrison S, Simonini G, Sharp GC, Relton CL, and Ramanan AV
- Subjects
- Humans, Risk Factors, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Environmental Exposure
- Abstract
Objectives: JIA is the most common paediatric rheumatic disease, thought to be influenced by both genetics and the environment. Identifying environmental factors associated with disease risk will improve knowledge of disease mechanism and ultimately benefit patients. This review aimed to collate and synthesize the current evidence of environmental factors associated with JIA., Methods: Four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched from inception to January 2020. Study quality was rated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled estimates for each environmental factor were generated using a random-effects, inverse-variance method, where possible. The remaining environmental factors were synthesized in narrative form., Results: This review includes 66 environmental factors from 39 studies (11 cohort and 28 case-control studies) over 45 years. Study sample sizes ranged from 41 to 1.9 million participants. Eight environmental factors from ten studies were meta-analysed. Caesarean section delivery was associated with increased JIA risk [pooled odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.22]. Conversely, presence (vs absence) of siblings (pooled OR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.81) and maternal prenatal smoking (pooled OR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.84) were associated with decreased JIA risk., Conclusion: This review identifies several environmental factors associated with JIA and demonstrates the huge breadth of environmental research undertaken over five decades. We also highlight the challenges of combining data collected over this period due to limited between study comparability, evolution in healthcare and social practices, and changing environment, which warrant consideration when planning future studies., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Neutrophils Lose the Capacity to Suppress T Cell Proliferation Upon Migration Towards Inflamed Joints in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
- Author
-
Arve-Butler S, Mossberg A, Schmidt T, Welinder C, Yan H, Berthold E, Król P, and Kahn R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile pathology, Biomarkers, Cell Communication immunology, Cell Movement immunology, Cells, Cultured, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Immunomodulation, Male, Phenotype, Proteome, Proteomics methods, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Respiratory Burst, Synovial Fluid metabolism, T-Lymphocyte Subsets metabolism, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile metabolism, Lymphocyte Activation immunology, Neutrophils immunology, Neutrophils metabolism, T-Lymphocytes immunology, T-Lymphocytes metabolism
- Abstract
Neutrophils are highly abundant in synovial fluid of rheumatic inflamed joints. In oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), synovial fluid neutrophils have impaired effector functions and altered phenotype. We hypothesized that these alterations might impact the immunoregulatory interplay between neutrophils and T cells. In this study we analyzed the suppressive effect of neutrophils, isolated from blood and synovial fluid of oligoarticular JIA patients, on CD4
+ T cells activated by CD3/CD28 stimulation. JIA blood neutrophils suppressed T cell proliferation but synovial fluid neutrophils from several patients did not. The loss of T cell suppression was replicated in an in vitro transmigration assay, where healthy control neutrophils migrated into synovial fluid through transwell inserts with endothelial cells and synoviocytes. Non-migrated neutrophils suppressed proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells, but migrated neutrophils had no suppressive effect. Neutrophil suppression of T cells was partly dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS), demonstrated by impaired suppression in presence of catalase. Migrated neutrophils had reduced ROS production compared to non-migrated neutrophils. A proteomic analysis of transwell-migrated neutrophils identified alterations in proteins related to neutrophil ROS production and degranulation, and biological processes involving protein transport, cell-cell contact and inflammation. In conclusion, neutrophils in synovial fluid of children with JIA have impaired capacity to suppress activated T cells, which may be due to reduced oxidative burst and alterations in proteins related to cell-cell contact and inflammation. The lack of T cell suppression by neutrophils in synovial fluid may contribute to local inflammation and autoimmune reactions in the JIA joint., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Arve-Butler, Mossberg, Schmidt, Welinder, Yan, Berthold, Król and Kahn.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Infections and antibiotics during fetal life and childhood and their relationship to juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a prospective cohort study.
- Author
-
Kindgren E and Ludvigsson J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious drug therapy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: The aetiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is poorly understood. It has been shown that use of antibiotics is associated with JIA. However, whether the association is due to increased occurrence of infection in these individuals is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the association between number of infections and use of antibiotics during childhood with development of JIA., Methods: In ABIS (All Babies in Southeast Sweden) a population-based prospective birth cohort of 17,055 children, data were collected on infections and antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood. 102 individuals with JIA were identified. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusting for confounding factors., Results: Exposure to antibiotics during the periods 1-12 months, 1-3 years and 5-8 years was significantly associated with increased risk for JIA. The odds of developing JIA were three times higher in those exposed to antibiotics during the first 3 years of life compared with those not exposed (aOR 3.17; 95% CI 1.11-9.03, p = 0.031), and more than twice as high in those exposed to antibiotics during the first 5 years of life compared with those not exposed (aOR 2.18; 95% CI 1.36-3.50, p = 0.001). The odds of developing JIA were 78% higher in those exposed to antibiotics during the first 8 years of life compared with those not exposed (aOR 1.78; 95% CI 1.15-2.73, p = 0.009). Occurrence of infection during fetal life or childhood showed no significant association with the risk of developing JIA, after confounder adjustment. The cumulative number of courses of antibiotics was significantly higher during childhood for the individuals who developed JIA (p < 0.001). Penicillins were more frequently used than non-penicillins, but both had an equal effect on the risk of developing JIA., Conclusions: Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with later onset of JIA in a large birth cohort from the general population. The relationship was dose dependent. These results suggest that further, more restrictive, antibiotic policies during the first years of life would be advisable., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Association of HLA-G, HLA-E and HLA-B*27 with susceptibility and clinical phenotype of enthesitis related arthritis (ERA).
- Author
-
Gulati R, Kavadichanda GC, Mariaselvam CM, Kumar G, and Negi VS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Alleles, Child, Female, Genetic Association Studies methods, HLA-B Antigens genetics, HLA-G Antigens immunology, Haplotypes, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I immunology, Histocompatibility Testing, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Radiography, Symptom Assessment, HLA-E Antigens, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, HLA-B Antigens immunology, HLA-G Antigens genetics, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I genetics, Phenotype
- Abstract
We studied the association of Enthesitis related arthritis (ERA) the most common variant of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in Asians, with HLA-G and -E polymorphisms. HLA-G (14 bp Ins/Del rs371194629, +3142 rs1063320, +3187 rs9380142) and HLA-E (rs1264457, and rs2844724) polymorphisms were analyzed in 127 patients with ERA and 381 ethnically matched healthy controls with TaqMan 5'-nuclease assay using allele-specific fluorogenic oligonucleotide probes. HLA-G and -E polymorphisms were not found to be associated with susceptibility to ERA. HLA-G +3187 (rs9380142) G allele was associated with hip arthritis (Pc = 0.04, OR = 2.22, 95%CI = 1.07-4.63) and hip deformity (Pc = 0.02, OR = 2.51, 95%CI = 1.16-5.43). HLA-B*27 was positive in 91. HLA-E rs1264457 G and rs2844724 T alleles may be associated with B*27 positivity in ERA. Among HLA-G, -E haplotypes, frequency of -InsGAAC was significantly higher in patients than healthy controls (Pc = 0.003). In conclusion, HLA-G and HLA-E haplotype -InsGAAC may be associated with susceptibility to ERA and HLA-G +3187 rs9380142 A>G polymorphism may be a poor prognostic marker for progression to hip arthritis and deformity in ERA-JIA., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: from aetiopathogenesis to therapeutic approaches.
- Author
-
Zaripova LN, Midgley A, Christmas SE, Beresford MW, Baildam EM, and Oldershaw RA
- Subjects
- Child, Disease Progression, Humans, Medication Therapy Management trends, Risk Assessment, Antirheumatic Agents classification, Antirheumatic Agents pharmacology, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile immunology, Arthritis, Juvenile physiopathology
- Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common paediatric rheumatological disorder and is classified by subtype according to International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria. Depending on the number of joints affected, presence of extra-articular manifestations, systemic symptoms, serology and genetic factors, JIA is divided into oligoarticular, polyarticular, systemic, psoriatic, enthesitis-related and undifferentiated arthritis. This review provides an overview of advances in understanding of JIA pathogenesis focusing on aetiology, histopathology, immunological changes associated with disease activity, and best treatment options. Greater understanding of JIA as a collective of complex inflammatory diseases is discussed within the context of therapeutic interventions, including traditional non-biologic and up-to-date biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Whilst the advent of advanced therapeutics has improved clinical outcomes, a considerable number of patients remain unresponsive to treatment, emphasising the need for further understanding of disease progression and remission to support stratification of patients to treatment pathways., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Nutri-epigenetics: the effect of maternal diet and early nutrition on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
- Author
-
Bangarusamy DK, Lakshmanan AP, Al-Zaidan S, Alabduljabbar S, and Terranegra A
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid etiology, Breast Feeding, Celiac Disease etiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 etiology, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology, Gene Expression, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases etiology, Perinatal Care, Pregnancy, Autoimmune Diseases etiology, Diet adverse effects, Epigenesis, Genetic, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
- Abstract
Autoimmune diseases comprise a wide group of diseases involving a self-response of the immune system against the host. The etiopathogenesis is very complex involving disease-specific factors but also environmental factors, among which the diet. Maternal diet during pregnancy as well as early nutrition recently attracted the interest of the scientists as contributing to the immune programming. In this paper, we reviewed the most recent literature on the effect of maternal diet and early nutrition in modulating the immune system in a selected subset of autoimmune diseases: type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Particularly, we focused our narrative on the role of maternal and perinatal nutrition in the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the auto-immune response. Maternal diet during pregnancy as well as breastfeeding and early nutrition play a big role in many epigenetic mechanisms. Most of the nutrients consumed by the mother and the infant are known exerting epigenetic functions, such as folate, methionine, zinc, vitamins B12 and D, fibers, casein and gliadin, and they were linked to gene expression changes in the immune pathways. Despite the common role of maternal diet, breastfeeding and early nutrition in almost all the autoimmune diseases, each disease seems to have specific diet-driver epigenetic mechanisms that require further investigations. The research in this field is opening new routes to establishing a precision nutrition approach to the auto-immune diseases.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Do geography and ethnicity play a role in juvenile Spondyloarthritis? A multi-center binational retrospective study.
- Author
-
Ghantous N, Heshin-Bekenstein M, Dequattro K, Lakovsky Y, Hendel AM, Rappoport N, Aviel YB, Tirosh I, Harel L, Weiss PF, Gensler L, Mackenzie J, and Amarilyo G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile epidemiology, Arthritis, Juvenile ethnology, Arthritis, Juvenile pathology, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Geography, Medical, Humans, Israel epidemiology, Male, Retrospective Studies, Spondylarthritis epidemiology, Spondylarthritis ethnology, Spondylarthritis pathology, United States epidemiology, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Spondylarthritis etiology
- Abstract
Background: Observations among Israeli pediatric rheumatologists reveal that pediatric Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (JSpA) may present differently compared to patients from the United States (US). This study is aimed to compare the demographic and clinical variables of Israeli and US JSpA patients upon presentation., Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter comparison of JSpA patients among 3 large Israeli pediatric rheumatology centers and a large US pediatric rheumatology center. Patients with diagnosis of Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis (JAS) and/or Enthesitis-related Arthritis (ERA) were included. The demographic, clinical and radiologic features were compared., Results: Overall 87 patients were included (39 Israeli, 48 US patients). Upon presentation, inflammatory back pain, sacroiliac joint tenderness and abnormal modified Schober test, were significantly more prevalent among Israeli patients (59% vs. 35.4, 48.7% vs. 16.7, and 41.2% vs. 21.5%, respectively, all p < 0.05), whereas peripheral arthritis and enthesitis were significantly more prevalent among US patients (43.6% vs. 91.7 and 7.7% vs. 39.6% in Israeli patients vs. US patients, p < 0.05). In addition, 96.7% of the Israeli patients versus 29.7% of the US patients demonstrated sacroiliitis on MRI (p < 0.001, N = 67). Less than one-third of the Israeli patients (32%) were HLA-B27 positive vs. 66.7% of US patients (p = 0.007)., Conclusion: Israeli children with JSpA presented almost exclusively with axial disease compared to US patients who were more likely to present with peripheral symptoms. HLA B27 prevalence was significantly lower in the Israeli cohort compared to the US cohort. Further studies are needed to unravel the genetic and possibly environmental factors associated with these findings.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. [Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and Turner's syndrome].
- Author
-
Lavilla P, Manzanares Á, Rabadán E, and de Inocencio J
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Turner Syndrome complications
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Presentation of a case of Bruton type primary agammaglobulinemia in Guinea.
- Author
-
Condé K, Atakla HG, Barry MC, Condé ML, and Doré M
- Subjects
- Abscess diagnosis, Abscess etiology, Abscess pathology, Acute Disease, Agammaglobulinemia complications, Agammaglobulinemia immunology, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile pathology, Child, Preschool, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked complications, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked immunology, Guinea, Humans, Immunoglobulins analysis, Immunoglobulins blood, Immunophenotyping, Male, Otitis Media diagnosis, Otitis Media etiology, Otitis Media pathology, Perineum pathology, Recurrence, Agammaglobulinemia diagnosis, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked diagnosis
- Abstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a rare genetic disease caused by a mutation in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene. It is characterized by a profound deficiency of B cells and a decrease in all classes of immunoglobulins (Ig). We report one case in a 3-year-old boy seen for recurrent acute otitis media, perineal abscess, oligoarthritis. The serum immunoglobulin (Ig) assay showed an IgG level of 0.6g/l. IgM and IgA are indosable. Marrow immunophenotyping showed an absence of precursor B less than 1%. Molecular biology confirmed Burton's disease (stop mutation, C37C) in exon 2 of the BTK gene. Treatment with intravenous immunoglogulin was started., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright: Kaba Condé et al.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Assessment and treatment of Down syndrome-associated arthritis: a survey of pediatric rheumatologists.
- Author
-
Nicek A, Talib N, Lovell D, Smith C, Becker ML, and Jones JT
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Attitude of Health Personnel, Biological Therapy methods, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Patient Care Management methods, Patient Care Management standards, Practice Patterns, Physicians' statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile therapy, Down Syndrome complications, Medication Therapy Management statistics & numerical data, Rheumatologists
- Abstract
Background: Inflammatory arthritis in children with Down syndrome (DS) was first described in 1984 and is now termed Down syndrome-associated arthritis (DA). Studies have shown that DA is under-recognized with a 19-month average delay in diagnosis. Additionally, most patients present with polyarticular, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) negative disease. Current therapies for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have been used, but appear to be poorly tolerated, more toxic and less effective in patients with DA. There is currently no standardized approach to the assessment or management of DA. The objective of this study was to describe provider perspectives toward diagnostic and treatment approach of DA, to provide baseline information upon which to design future studies., Methods: An electronic survey, organized into sections regarding individual practices of assessment and treatment approach of DA, was sent to the Pediatric Rheumatology electronic list-serv. Survey responses were voluntary and results were analyzed by descriptive statistics., Results: Of 90 survey responses received, 89 were included in the analysis (one was a duplicate response). The respondents were mostly pediatric rheumatologist (94%), with greater than 10 years of experience (55%). The majority (64%) currently see 1-3 patients with DA. Most view DA as the same disease as JIA (73%), and the majority (63%) use a combination of history, exam and imaging to diagnose DA. The most ordered diagnostic tests are CBC (97%) and ESR (96%). The most used treatments include NSAIDs (94%) and methotrexate (91%) followed by anti-TNF agents (90%). Methotrexate is most administered by subcutaneous route (84%) at a dose of 15 mg/m
2 (56%). Oral corticosteroids were only used in 19% of the patients with DA., Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate provider perspectives towards the diagnostic and treatment approach of DA. Most pediatric rheumatologists feel that DA and JIA are synonymous, and similar approaches to diagnosis are employed, utilizing history, physical exam, laboratory tests, and imaging modalities. DA is treated similarly to JIA with initiation of NSAIDs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and biologic therapy. More research is needed to determine optimal screening and therapeutic approach specific to DA.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Long-term outcomes in patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis receiving adalimumab with or without methotrexate.
- Author
-
Lovell DJ, Brunner HI, Reiff AO, Jung L, Jarosova K, Němcová D, Mouy R, Sandborg C, Bohnsack JF, Elewaut D, Gabriel C, Higgins G, Kone-Paut I, Jones OY, Vargová V, Chalom E, Wouters C, Lagunes I, Song Y, Martini A, and Ruperto N
- Subjects
- Adalimumab administration & dosage, Adolescent, Antirheumatic Agents administration & dosage, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile pathology, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Drug Therapy, Combination, Duration of Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Methotrexate administration & dosage, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Treatment Outcome, Adalimumab therapeutic use, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Methotrexate therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objectives: Long-term safety and efficacy of adalimumab among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was evaluated through 6 years of treatment., Methods: Children aged 4-17 years with polyarticular JIA were enrolled in a phase III, randomised-withdrawal, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial consisting of a 16-week open-label lead-in period, 32-week randomised double-blind period and 360-week long-term extension. Patients were stratified by baseline methotrexate use. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored, and efficacy assessments included JIA American College of Rheumatology (JIA ACR) 30%, 50%, 70% or 90% responses and the proportions of patients achieving 27-joint Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS27) low disease activity (LDA, ≤3.8) and inactive disease (ID, ≤1)., Results: Of 171 patients enrolled, 62 (36%) completed the long-term extension. Twelve serious infections in 11 patients were reported through 592.8 patient-years of exposure. No cases of congestive heart failure-related AEs, demyelinating disease, lupus-like syndrome, malignancies, tuberculosis or deaths were reported. JIA ACR 30/50/70/90 responses and JADAS27 LDA were achieved in 66% to 96% of patients at week 104, and 63 (37%) patients achieved clinical remission (JADAS27 ID sustained for ≥6 continuous months) during the study. Attainment of JIA ACR 50 or higher and JADAS27 LDA or ID in the initial weeks were the best predictors of clinical remission. Mean JADAS27 decreased from baseline, 22.5 (n=170), to 2.5 (n=30) at week 312 (observed analysis)., Conclusions: Through 6 years of exposure, adalimumab was well tolerated with significant clinical response (up to clinical remission) and a relatively low retention rate., Competing Interests: Competing interests: DJL has served on speakers’ bureaus for Genentech and Bristol-Myers Squibb and on data and safety monitoring boards for Forest Research and the National Institutes of Health-NIAMS. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Centocor, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Regeneron, Hoffman La-Roche, Novartis, UBC, Xoma and Genentech for the work of DJL.HIB has received speaker honoraria and consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Centocor, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Regeneron, Hoffman La-Roche, Novartis, Takeda, UCB, Genentech, Lilly, Janssen, EMD Serono and R-Pharm; and has served on speakers bureaus for Genentech and Novartis.AOR has received consulting fees and speaker fees from AbbVie and Novartis.LJ has served as a consultant for OncoImmune and Novartis; has received unrestricted education grants from AbbVie; has received clinical trial support from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb and UCB Biosciences; and has served on a data and safety monitoring board for Bristol-Myers Squibb.KJ has nothing to disclose.DN has nothing to disclose.RM has received honoraria from AbbVie as a co-investigator during this clinical trial.CS has nothing to disclose.JFB has nothing to disclose.DE has received research grants, consulting fees and/or speakers fees from AbbVie.CG has nothing to disclose.GH has nothing to declare.IK-P has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, CHUGAI, Novartis, SOBI and Novimmune.OYJ has nothing to disclose.VV has received speaker fees from AbbVie and Pfizer.EC has received speaker fees from AbbVie.CW has received research grants to her institution from Roche, Pfizer and GSK.IL and YS are full-time employees of AbbVie and may hold stock or stock options.AM is a professor of pediatrics at the University of Genoa, Italy, and has consultancy agreements with Janssen, Novartis and Pfizer. Prior to January 2019, AM was a scientific director of the Giannina Gaslini Hospital and performed consultancy activities on behalf of the Gaslini Institute for the following companies: AbbVie, Biogen, Boehringer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and R-Pharm.NR is a full-time employee of the Gaslini Hospital, which has received contributions to support the research activities of the network of PRINTO from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen Biologics B.V., Eli Lilly and Co., ‘Francesco Angelini’, GlaxoSmithKline, Italfarmaco, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Schwarz Biosciences GmbH, Xoma and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. NR has served on speakers bureaus for Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Italfarmaco, Janssen Biologics B.V., MedImmune, Roche and Wyeth/Pfizer., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in infants with Harlequin Ichthyosis: two cases report and literature review.
- Author
-
Auriti C, Rotunno R, Diociaiuti A, Manzoni SM, Uva A, Bersani I, Santisi A, Dotta A, and El Hachem M
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Juvenile therapy, Humans, Ichthyosis, Lamellar therapy, Infant, Newborn, Male, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile pathology, Ichthyosis, Lamellar complications, Ichthyosis, Lamellar pathology
- Abstract
Background: Harlequin Ichthyosis is the most severe variant of congenital autosomal recessive ichthyosis, associated with severe morbidity and potentially lethal in early life. At birth, patients present thick and plaque-like scales all over the body, with consequent cutaneous and extra-cutaneous complications, such as poor thermoregulation, recurrent infections, pain, electrolytes imbalance and joint contractures. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis usually manifests before the age of 16 years and persists for more than 6 weeks. The association between these two pathologies has been described in the literature as a very rare event, which creates diagnostic and therapeutic challenge., Case Presentation: We describe two patients affected by Harlequin Ichthyosis who early developed Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Both patients were treated with retinoids, ibuprofen and long-acting intra-articular glucocorticoids; due to polyarticular involvement, one child was also treated with weekly oral methotrexate., Conclusions: The association between Harlequin Ichthyosis and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is rare and the pathophysiological mechanism that binds them is still unknown. Nonetheless caregivers should be aware of the possible occurrence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis at very early ages in children affected by Harlequin Ichthyosis.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Juvenile “idiopathic†arthritis (JIA) as a manifestation of food allergy. Case study.
- Author
-
Muñoz-Urribarri AB, Delgado Godos AG, Castillo Durand R, Quispe Huarcaya MA, and Calderón Flores RSH
- Subjects
- Child, Food Hypersensitivity diagnosis, Humans, Male, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Food Hypersensitivity complications
- Abstract
Studies linking type of diet and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have variable results and are inconsistent. This case shows an evolution which fulfilled the criteria of JIA, but was diagnosed as food allergy. Case: A seven-year old boy had fever, arthralgia, general malaise, headaches, abdominal pain and rashes. These symptoms were diagnosed as fever of unknown origin (FUO) and probable JIA. There was a stabbing pain in the right iliac fossa. An upper and lower endoscopy were performed and nodular ileocolitis was detected. A hypoallergenic diet was prescribed, in addition to mesalazine and oral corticosteroids. The patient was asymptomatic for 2.5 months and then relapsed with all symptoms after consuming dairy. This JIA case shows the diagnostic phases of food allergy: improvement and recurrence of symptoms with the reintroduction of the allergen (oral challenge=gold standard of food allergy). There is evidence that supports the existence of a gut-joint axis, where the luminal content triggers a series of immunologically mediated reactions that can cause systemic diseases such as J other connective tissue diseases. This case report adds reasonable evidence in support of food allergy as a cause of JIA.
- Published
- 2020
20. Adverse effects of TNF inhibitor in a patient with DiGeorge syndrome and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Sestan M, Kifer N, Frkovic M, Laskarin AM, and Jelusic M
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Biomarkers, DiGeorge Syndrome diagnosis, DiGeorge Syndrome genetics, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Immunoglobulin M blood, Immunoglobulin M immunology, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors therapeutic use, Young Adult, Arthritis, Juvenile complications, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, DiGeorge Syndrome complications, Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors adverse effects
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Oral health and plaque microbial profile in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Grevich S, Lee P, Leroux B, Ringold S, Darveau R, Henstorf G, Berg J, Kim A, Velan E, Kelly J, Baltuck C, Reeves A, Leahey H, Hager K, Brittnacher M, Hayden H, Miller S, McLean J, and Stevens A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile microbiology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Plaque microbiology, Female, Humans, Male, Mouth microbiology, Periodontitis complications, Periodontitis microbiology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Dental Plaque complications, Microbiota genetics, Oral Health
- Abstract
Background: The oral microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis through activation of mucosal immunity. This study tested for associations between oral health, microbial communities and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)., Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study of subjects aged 10-18 years with oligoarticular, extended oligoarticular and polyarticular JIA was conducted. Control groups included pediatric dental clinic patients and healthy volunteers. The primary aim was to test for an association between dental health indices and JIA; the secondary aim was to characterize the microbial profile of supragingival plaque using 16S rRNA gene sequencing., Results: The study included 85 patients with JIA, 62 dental patients and 11 healthy child controls. JIA patients overall had significantly more gingival inflammation compared to dental patients, as evidenced by bleeding on probing of the gingiva, the most specific sign of active inflammation (p = 0.02). Overall, however, there was a trend towards better dental hygiene in the JIA patients compared to dental patients, based on indices for plaque, decay, and periodontitis. In the JIA patients, plaque microbiota analysis revealed bacteria belonging to genera Haemophilus or Kingella elevated, and Corynebacterium underrepresented. In poly JIA, bacteria belonging to the genus Porphyromonas was overrepresented and Prevotella was underrepresented., Conclusion: Increased gingival inflammation in JIA was independent of general oral health, and thus cannot be attributed to poor dental hygiene secondary to disability. The variation of microbial profile in JIA patients could indicate a possible link between gingivitis and synovial inflammation.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Autoimmune diseases in Turner syndrome: an overview.
- Author
-
De Sanctis V and Khater D
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Autoimmune Diseases epidemiology, Celiac Disease etiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 etiology, Female, Hashimoto Disease etiology, Humans, Prevalence, Autoimmune Diseases etiology, Turner Syndrome complications
- Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) results from a sex-chromosomal anomaly characterized by presence of one normal X chromosome and the loss of the second X-chromosome in phenotypic females. Autoimmunity has been recognized as one of the more prominent characteristics of TS. The risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with TS is approximately twice as high as in the general female population. The spectrum includes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, coeliac disease (CD), type 1 diabetes (T1DM), alopecia areata, inflammatory bowel disease, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and some cutaneous disorders as vitiligo and Halo nevus. This review will address the autoimmune disorders associated with TS, their pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical characteristics.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Musculoskeletal anomalies in children with Down syndrome: an observational study.
- Author
-
Foley C and Killeen OG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile epidemiology, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Down Syndrome epidemiology, Female, Flatfoot epidemiology, Flatfoot etiology, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Ireland epidemiology, Joint Instability epidemiology, Joint Instability etiology, Male, Muscle Hypotonia epidemiology, Muscle Hypotonia etiology, Musculoskeletal Diseases epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Down Syndrome complications, Musculoskeletal Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal complications of Down syndrome (DS) are common but infrequently reported. The combination of ligamentous laxity and low muscle tone contributes to increased risk of a number of musculoskeletal disorders and a delay in acquisition of motor milestones. The primary aim of this study was to describe musculoskeletal anomalies reported in a national cohort of children with DS., Methods: This was an observational study. Children with DS, aged 0-21 years, were invited to attend a musculoskeletal assessment clinic conducted by a paediatric physician. Relevant musculoskeletal history and clinical findings were documented., Results: Over an 18-month period, 503 children with DS were examined (56% male). The median age was 8.1 years (0.6-19.2). Pes planus was almost universal, occurring in 91% of the cohort. A range of other musculoskeletal anomalies were observed, with inflammatory arthritis (7%) and scoliosis (4.8%) occurring most frequently after pes planus. Delay in ambulation was common; the median age to walk was 28 months (12-84)., Conclusion: Children with DS are at increased risk of a number of potentially debilitating musculoskeletal problems. These conditions can present in variable manners or be completely asymptomatic. Pes planus is common; therefore, early consideration of orthotics and lifelong appropriate supportive footwear should be considered. Delayed ambulation is frequently noted. A significant proportion of children with DS have arthritis; however, despite a high prevalence, it is often missed, leading to delayed diagnosis. An annual musculoskeletal assessment for all children with DS could potentially enable early detection of problems, allowing for timely multidisciplinary team intervention and better clinical outcomes., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Enthesitis-Related Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
- Author
-
Rosenthal A and Janow G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile therapy
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Biallelic loss-of-function LACC1/FAMIN Mutations Presenting as Rheumatoid Factor-Negative Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
- Author
-
Rabionet R, Remesal A, Mensa-Vilaró A, Murías S, Alcobendas R, González-Roca E, Ruiz-Ortiz E, Antón J, Iglesias E, Modesto C, Comas D, Puig A, Drechsel O, Ossowski S, Yagüe J, Merino R, Estivill X, and Arostegui JI
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Substitution, Arthritis, Juvenile metabolism, Consanguinity, DNA Mutational Analysis, Genotype, Humans, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Pedigree, Siblings, Alleles, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile pathology, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Loss of Function Mutation
- Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a complex rheumatic disease with both autoimmune and autoinflammatory components. Recently, familial cases of systemic-onset JIA have been attributed to mutations in LACC1/FAMIN. We describe three affected siblings from a Moroccan consanguineous family with an early-onset chronic, symmetric and erosive arthritis previously diagnosed as rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative polyarticular JIA. Autozygosity mapping identified four homozygous regions shared by all patients, located in chromosomes 3, 6 (n:2) and 13, containing over 330 genes. Subsequent whole exome sequencing identified two potential candidate variants within these regions (in FARS2 and LACC1/FAMIN). Genotyping of a cohort of healthy Moroccan individuals (n: 352) and bioinformatics analyses finally supported the frameshift c.128_129delGT mutation in the LACC1/FAMIN gene, leading to a truncated protein (p.Cys43Tyrfs*6), as the most probable causative gene defect. Additional targeted sequencing studies performed in patients with systemic-onset JIA (n:23) and RF-negative polyarticular JIA (n: 44) revealed no pathogenic LACC1/FAMIN mutations. Our findings support the homozygous genotype in the LACC1/FAMIN gene as the defect underlying the family here described with a recessively inherited severe inflammatory joint disease. Our evidences provide further support to the involvement of LACC1/FAMIN deficiency in different types of JIA in addition to the initially described systemic-onset JIA.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Interleukin-6 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Akioka S
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized immunology, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized therapeutic use, Antirheumatic Agents immunology, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Humans, Interleukin-6 antagonists & inhibitors, Arthritis, Juvenile immunology, Interleukin-6 immunology
- Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic childhood arthritis. Its pathogenesis is very complicated, with the involvement of not only immune cells but various types of parenchymal cells, and is affected by both genetic and environmental predispositions. The clinical spectrum from inflammation to related conditions is largely mediated by cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6. Fluctuations in IL-6 and its related molecules can modulate the pathogenesis and the clinical presentation positively or negatively. The recent clinical impact of IL-6 blockade on JIA has begun a therapeutic paradigm shift. This review describes the characteristics of JIA, mainly focused on IL-6 with the current therapeutic perspective.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Autoantibodies in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
- Author
-
Mahmud SA and Binstadt BA
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Antinuclear immunology, Antigen-Antibody Complex blood, Antigen-Antibody Complex immunology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid diagnosis, Arthritis, Rheumatoid etiology, Autoantigens immunology, Biomarkers, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Molecular Mimicry, Prognosis, Protein Binding immunology, Rheumatoid Factor immunology, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Autoantibodies immunology, Autoimmunity
- Abstract
Autoantibody production occurs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and numerous other autoimmune diseases. In some conditions, the autoantibodies are clearly pathogenic, whereas in others the roles are less defined. Here we review various autoantibodies associated with JIA, with a particular focus on antinuclear antibodies and antibodies recognizing citrullinated self-antigens. We explore potential mechanisms that lead to the development of autoantibodies and the use of autoantibody testing in diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we compare and contrast JIA-associated autoantibodies with those found in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The role of extracellular histones in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Hu X, Xie Q, Mo X, and Jin Y
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile therapy, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Neutrophils, Remission Induction, Arthritis, Juvenile blood, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Histones blood
- Abstract
Background: To explore the effects of extracellular histones released by activated neutrophils on systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA), and to study the change of serum histone level between the active and remissive stage of SoJIA, then to clarify the role of serum histone in the pathogenesis of SoJIA., Methods: Twenty-six patients with SoJIA were recruited, and clinical informations were collected, and the serum histone was detected by ELISA. While neutrophils from normal children were incubated with the serum from the patients with SoJIA, also including incubated with FeCL3 and histone, the extracellular histone was detected, respectively; heparin was added to the above-mentioned groups to observe the changes of extracellular histone levels. The proportions of neutrophils, which released NETs, were calculated by confocal microscope., Results: The levels of serum histones in active SoJIA group (0.90 ± 0.90) were significantly higher than in remissive SoJIA group (0.17 ± 0.10) (P = 0.0009), and also higher than in control group (0.14 ± 0.09) (P = 0.246). Histone affects on clinical manifestations (including fever, rash, joint pain, liver and spleen enlargement, and serositis), except for joint pain. The proportions of neutrophils releasing NETs, that neutrophils were incubated with the serum from active SoJIA group, were 31.93% significantly higher than 12.32% from remissive SoJIA group (P < 0.0001). The proportions of neutrophils releasing NETs, that neutrophils were incubated with different concentration FeCl3 or with different concentration histones respectively, were positively correlated with the concentration of incubation; while heparins were added, NETs from neutrophils could be reduced effectively., Conclusions: The level of serum histone is positively correlated with the activity of SoJIA. Serum histone may be from NETs, which were released by activated neutrophils. Free iron can activate neutrophils to produce NETs, which may release histones, and histones can further promote NETs to be released, that results in a positive feedback loop of histones, and that may be one of the pathogenesis of acute SoJIA or MAS secondary to SoJIA. Histones maybe play one of important roles in the pathogenesis of SoJIA. Heparin can act on histones to prevent histone-induced inflammation., Trial Registration: ChiCTR-OOC-15006228. Registered 9 April 2015, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=10752.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Bilateral absence of the cruciate ligaments with meniscal dysplasia: Unexpected diagnosis in a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Degnan AJ, Kietz DA, Grudziak JS, and Shah A
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Juvenile diagnostic imaging, Arthritis, Juvenile pathology, Child, Female, Femur abnormalities, Humans, Knee abnormalities, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Menisci, Tibial pathology, Meniscus pathology, Radiography, Anterior Cruciate Ligament abnormalities, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Knee Joint diagnostic imaging, Posterior Cruciate Ligament abnormalities
- Abstract
Bilateral agenesis of the cruciate ligaments is a rare congenital anomaly. We report a unique case of a young girl who had congenital short femur and diagnosed with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and later discovered to have congenital absence of both anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and meniscal dysplasia in both the knees when MRI was performed at 11 years of age. The MRI was performed to evaluate knee laxity and persistent symptoms despite medical management and multiple steroid injections for arthritis treatment. This patient is one of the youngest with congenital absence of both the cruciate ligaments to be treated with ACL reconstruction. We highlight the unique radiographic imaging manifestations of congenital cruciate ligament agenesis and emphasize the role of MRI to confirm and depict additional intraarticular abnormalities., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Antinuclear Antibody-Positive Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Despite IRAK-4 Deficiency.
- Author
-
Hügle B, Händel N, Schwarz K, Borte M, and Schuster V
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis, Juvenile complications, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Autoimmunity, B-Lymphocytes immunology, B-Lymphocytes metabolism, Bacterial Infections etiology, Biomarkers, Female, Humans, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes complications, Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases, Male, Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Antibodies, Antinuclear immunology, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes diagnosis
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Update on the epidemiology, risk factors and disease outcomes of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Palman J, Shoop-Worrall S, Hyrich K, and McDonagh JE
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Rheumatology, Risk Factors, Arthritis, Juvenile epidemiology, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology
- Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common inflammatory joint condition of childhood and represents seven JIA subtypes characterised by distinct clinical and laboratory variables. Genetic and environmental factors are known to influence JIA, although many unanswered questions remain. Measurement of health outcomes in JIA is imperative for both clinical practice and research. Patient-reported outcomes present particular challenges in paediatric rheumatology in view of the importance of collecting reports from both the child/young person and the parent. Another challenge is the need for continuity of outcome measurement across the paediatric-adult interface during the process of transition in terms of both measurement tools and the mechanisms in the system to facilitate tracking of the young person into adult care. Finally, the need for adults with JIA to be seen as a distinct group in adult rheumatology practice is important for both service provision and outcome research., (Crown Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Is palindromic rheumatism amongst children a benign disease?
- Author
-
Butbul-Aviel Y, Uziel Y, Hezkelo N, Brik R, and Amarilyo G
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid complications, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Child, Child, Preschool, Colchicine therapeutic use, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Progression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Humans, Israel, Male, Retrospective Studies, Arthritis, Juvenile epidemiology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Palindromic rheumatism is an idiopathic, periodic arthritis characterized by multiple, transient, recurring episodes. Palindromic rheumatism is well-characterized in adults, but has never been reported in pediatric populations. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features and outcomes of a series of pediatric patients with palindromic rheumatism., Methods: We defined clinical criteria for palindromic rheumatism and reviewed all clinical visits in three Pediatric Rheumatology centers in Israel from 2006through 2015, to identify patients with the disease. We collected retrospective clinical and laboratory data on patients who fulfilled the criteria, and reviewed their medical records in order to determine the proportion of patients who had developed juvenile idiopathic arthritis., Results: Overall, 10 patients were identified. Their mean age at diagnosis was 8.3 ± 4.5 years and the average follow-up was 3.8 ± 2.7 years. The mean duration of attacks was 12.2 ± 8.4 days. The most frequently involved joints were knees. Patients tested positive for rheumatoid factor in 20% of cases. One patient developed polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis after three years of follow-up, six patients (60%) continued to have attacks at their last follow-up and only three children (30%) achieved long-term remission., Conclusions: Progression to juvenile idiopathic arthritis is rare amongst children with palindromic rheumatism and most patients continued to have attacks at their last follow-up. Longer follow-up periods are required to predict the long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with palindromic rheumatism.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Lyme disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis - A pediatric case report.
- Author
-
Sá MC, Moreira C, Melo C, Sousa Á, and Carvalho S
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal administration & dosage, Antirheumatic Agents administration & dosage, Arthralgia etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Child, Female, Humans, Lyme Disease diagnosis, Methotrexate administration & dosage, Naproxen administration & dosage, Pregnenediones administration & dosage, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Lyme Disease complications
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Update on research and clinical translation on specific clinical areas from biology to bedside: Unpacking the mysteries of juvenile idiopathic arthritis pathogenesis.
- Author
-
van Loosdregt J, van Wijk F, Prakken B, and Vastert B
- Subjects
- Biology, Biomarkers, Child, Humans, Point-of-Care Systems, Precision Medicine, Translational Research, Biomedical, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology
- Abstract
In the past decades, we have gained important insights into the mechanisms of disease and therapy underlying chronic inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). These insights have resulted in several game-changing therapeutic modalities for many patients. However, additional progress still has to be made with regard to efficacy, cost reduction, minimization of side effects, and dose-tapering and stop strategies of maintenance drugs. Moreover, to really transform the current therapeutic strategies into personalized medicine, we need validated biomarkers to translate increased insights into clinical practice. In this article, we describe recent developments in JIA research and outline how clinical innovations need to go hand in hand with basic discoveries to really effect care for patients. Facilitating the transition from bench to bedside is crucial for addressing the major current challenges in JIA management. When successful, it will set new standards for a safe, targeted, and personalized medicine in JIA., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: New insights into pathogenesis and cytokine directed therapies.
- Author
-
Pardeo M, Bracaglia C, and De Benedetti F
- Subjects
- Biomarkers, Cytokines immunology, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Macrophage Activation Syndrome immunology, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Cytokines antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is considered as a polygenic autoinflammatory disease. The prominent systemic clinical features, the marked elevation of inflammatory markers, and the absence of autoantibodies make this disease very different from the other juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) forms. Innate immune mechanisms appear to play a central role: the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines of innate immunity is a typical feature of sJIA. Increased understanding of the role of these cytokines has been translated into therapeutic approaches. Indeed, remarkable results have been observed with interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors both in clinical trials and in real life. Other inhibitors of these cytokines will be available in the near future, thereby increasing the therapeutic armamentarium. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of sJIA is still needed to identify IL-1 or IL-6 responders, define a potential window of opportunity for early cytokine blockade, and identify a targeted treatment for macrophage activation syndrome. Additional therapeutic targets are needed for a small proportion of patients who do not respond to either IL-1 or IL-6 inhibition., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: what is the utility of ultrasound?
- Author
-
Basra HAS and Humphries PD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Child, Humans, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnostic imaging, Ultrasonography
- Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous condition and an important cause of acquired disability in children. Evidence supports early treatment to prevent future complications. This relies on prompt diagnosis, achieved by a high index of clinical suspicion and supportive evidence, including the detection of joint and or tendon inflammation. Ultrasound is a readily accessible, well-tolerated, safe and accurate modality for assessing joints and the surrounding soft tissues. It can also be used to guide therapy into those joints and tendon sheaths resistant to systemic treatments. Ultrasound imaging is highly operator dependent, and the developing skeleton poses unique challenges in interpretation with sonographic findings that can mimic pathology and vice versa. Ultrasound technology has been rapidly improving and is more accessible than ever before. In this article, we review the normal appearances, highlight potential pitfalls and present the key pathological findings commonly seen in JIA.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. No association between vitamin D levels around time of birth and later risk of developing oligo- and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a Danish case-cohort study.
- Author
-
Thorsen SU, Pipper CB, Alberdi-Saugstrup M, Nielsen S, Cohen A, Lundqvist M, Thygesen LC, Ascherio A, and Svensson J
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Juvenile blood, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Logistic Models, Pregnancy, Risk, Vitamin D blood, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Vitamin D analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Objectives: Basic and epidemiological studies on rheumatic autoimmune diseases have suggested an association between vitamin D levels around time of birth and disease risk. The literature on vitamin D and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is scarce. We hypothesized that low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] around time of birth would be associated with increased risk of oligo- or polyarticular JIA., Method: We conducted a case-cohort study of validated cases diagnosed with oligo- and polyarticular JIA (1993-2012) and controls matched on date of birth. Cases and controls were born in the period 1983-2010. Cases were diagnosed using international criteria. The concentration of 25(OH)D was assessed from neonatal dried blood spot (DBS) samples using high-sensitivity liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for season and birth year 25(OH)D variations. A total of 300 matched pairs were included in the statistical analyses., Results: No significant association was found between levels of 25(OH)D and JIA risk in the adjusted model [OR (per 25 nmol/L increase) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-1.6, p = 0.2]. 25(OH)D levels were found to fluctuate significantly with season (p < 0.0001) and year (p < 0.0001). The median level of 25(OH)D was 34.4 nmol/L in cases and 31.5 nmol/L in controls., Conclusions: Our study does not support the hypothesis that a window of vulnerability exists around time of birth with regard to 25(OH)D levels and later JIA risk. Further studies should explore whether 25(OH)D levels during early pregnancy or infancy may influence JIA risk.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Lipoprotein cholesterol fractions are related to markers of inflammation in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross sectional study.
- Author
-
Bohr AH, Pedersen FK, Nielsen CH, and Müller KG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Atherosclerosis etiology, Biomarkers metabolism, Blood Sedimentation, Body Mass Index, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise physiology, Female, Humans, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex metabolism, Male, Methotrexate therapeutic use, Overweight physiopathology, Treatment Outcome, Waist-Hip Ratio, Young Adult, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Cholesterol, HDL metabolism, Cholesterol, LDL metabolism
- Abstract
Background: The purpose of the study is to determine levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density, and high-density lipoprotein fractions of cholesterol (LDLc and HDLc), in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and relate those to disease activity, overweight, and physical activity (PA), testing the hypothesis that the levels of cholesterol fractions are associated with inflammation as well as with overweight and low PA., Methods: Two hundred ten patients with JIA were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. TC, LDLc, HDLc were measured, and associations with clinical disease activity (JADAS27), biomarkers of inflammation (myelo-related protein complex 8/14 (MRP8/14), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WtH ratio), and PA were explored., Results: Mean values for TC, LDLc, and HDLc in the patients were within the normal range for Danish Children. HDLc was negatively correlated with MRP8/14 (r = -0.343, CI -0.474 to -0.201, p < 0.0005) but was not related to overweight or PA. Neither TC nor LDLc showed any association with inflammation, overweight, or PA. MRP8/14 correlated positively with CRP, JADAS27 and WtH ratio (r = 0.277, CI 0.142 to 0.413, p = 0.001)., Conclusions: Levels of cholesterol fractions in patients with JIA were found within the normal range. Nonetheless, the level of HDLc was negatively associated with the level of the inflammatory marker MRP8/14, which is in accordance with the concept of inflammation as an important driver for premature development of atherosclerosis in JIA. WtH ratio (a measure of central fatness) was not associated to HDLc, but to MRP8/14, suggestive of central fatness as an additional driving factor for the chronic inflammation in JIA.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Potential Effects of Interleukins on the Pathogenesis of Systemic Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
- Author
-
Xu LY, Zhang WM, Xia M, and Cao LF
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile pathology, C-Reactive Protein, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Arthritis, Juvenile blood, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Cytokines blood
- Abstract
Background: To analyze the correlation of cytokines with clinical inflammatory indexes in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SOJIA)., Methods: A total of 30 active SOJIAs, 30 remission SOJIAs, and 20 normal controls were enrolled. The clinical inflammatory indexes such as tender joints counts, swelling joints counts, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, visual analogue scale (VAS), and disease activity score 28 (DAS28) were detected. The serum cytokines interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-21, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-4 levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The correlation coefficients between these cytokines and two clinical indexes (VAS and DAS28) in the active SOJIA group were calculated with the Spearman's method., Results: The serum IL-17 and IL-6 levels in active SOJIA group were significantly increased compared with those in the remission SOJIA group and control group (p < 0.05), and the serum IL-21, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels showed no obvious difference. In the active SOJIA group, the Spearman coefficients between IL-17 and DAS28, IL-17 and IL-6, IL-6 and DAS28, and between IL-17 and VAS were 0.686 (p = 0.000), 0.833 (p = 0.000), 0.633 (p = 0.000), and 0.524 (p = 0.003), respectively. There was no correlation between cytokines of IL-21, IFN-γ, and IL-4 and the clinical indexes of DAS28 and VAS. Furthermore, in the other two groups, none of the five cytokines exhibited an association with DAS28 or VAS., Conclusion: IL-6 and IL-17 were significantly correlated with DAS28 and VAS, and they might be considered as therapeutic targets for the treatment of SOJIA., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Understanding inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: How immune biomarkers guide clinical strategies in the systemic onset subtype.
- Author
-
Swart JF, de Roock S, and Prakken BJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile therapy, Disease Management, Humans, Prognosis, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile metabolism, Biomarkers
- Abstract
The translation of basic insight in immunological mechanisms underlying inflammation into clinical practice of inflammatory diseases is still challenging. Here we describe how-through continuous dialogue between bench and bedside-immunological knowledge translates into tangible clinical use in a complex inflammatory disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Systemic JIA (sJIA) is an autoinflammatory disease, leading to the very successful use of IL-1 antagonists. Further immunological studies identified new immune markers for diagnosis, prediction of complications, response to and successful withdrawal of therapy. Myeloid related protein (MRP)8, MRP14, S100A12, and Interleukin-18 are already used daily in clinic as markers for active sJIA. For non-sJIA subtypes, HLA-B27, antinuclear-antibodies, rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein are still used for classification, prognosis or active disease. MRP8, MRP14, and S100A12 are now under study for clinical practice. We believe that with biomarkers, algorithms can soon be designed for the individual risk of disease, complications, damage, prediction of response to, and successful withdrawal of therapy. In that way, less time will be lost and less pain will be suffered by the patients. In this review, we describe the current status of immunological biomarkers used in diagnosis and treatment of JIA., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Environmental Risk Factors and Early-Life Exposures in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study.
- Author
-
Shenoi S, Shaffer ML, and Wallace CA
- Subjects
- Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Arthritis, Juvenile epidemiology, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Environmental Exposure, Premature Birth
- Abstract
Objective: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by chronic arthritis in children with unknown etiology. Although research evaluating environmental or early-life exposures in JIA is scarce, there are data to suggest that infections, smoking exposure, and lack of breastfeeding play a role. This case-control study investigated the association of selected environmental and early-life risk factors with the development of JIA., Methods: JIA cases were identified at a major pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic. Each case was asked to identify up to 3 healthy playmates of similar age and same sex to serve as controls. Parents/caregivers of cases and controls completed a questionnaire on selected environmental and early-life exposures. Conditional logistic regression adjusted for age and socioeconomic status was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) for developing JIA with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the playmate-matched design., Results: Included in the study were 225 JIA cases and 138 controls. Compared to playmate-matched controls, preterm delivery (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.2-2.7]) was associated with JIA. There was no association between JIA and household smoking or maternal prenatal smoking, breastfeeding, hospitalization with infection in the first year of life, daycare attendance before 6 years of age, household pets, or residential area prior to the onset of JIA., Conclusion: There was no association between the previously reported risk factors of smoking, early-life infection, or breastfeeding and development of JIA in this study. The association of preterm delivery with JIA needs to be further studied., (© 2016, American College of Rheumatology.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Juvenile arthritis: current concepts in terminology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
- Author
-
Abramowicz S, Kim S, Prahalad S, Chouinard AF, and Kaban LB
- Subjects
- Arthralgia etiology, Disease Management, Humans, Open Bite etiology, Temporomandibular Joint, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile therapy, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders diagnosis, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders etiology, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders therapy, Terminology as Topic
- Abstract
The latest change in terminology from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), established by the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR), has resulted in some confusion for OMFS and other treating clinicians. JIA comprises a group of systemic inflammatory diseases that result in the destruction of hard and soft tissues in a single or multiple joints. In a significant number of patients, one or both temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are also involved. TMJ disease may be accompanied by pain, swelling, and limitation of motion, as well as mandibular retrognathism, open bite, and asymmetry. The purpose of this article is to provide a review, for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon, of the terminology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of children with JIA., (Copyright © 2016 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A rare case of myelofibrosis secondary to juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Jain N, Sinha R, Sengupta J, and Chakrabartty J
- Subjects
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnostic imaging, Child, Humans, Knee Joint diagnostic imaging, Knee Joint pathology, Macrophage Activation Syndrome etiology, Male, Methotrexate therapeutic use, Primary Myelofibrosis complications, Ultrasonography, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile pathology, Primary Myelofibrosis etiology
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Pediatric Patient.
- Author
-
Hagen S, Grey K, and Hylwa S
- Subjects
- Burn Units, Child, Combined Modality Therapy, Critical Care, Female, Humans, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome etiology, Sulfasalazine therapeutic use, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome diagnosis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome therapy, Sulfasalazine adverse effects
- Published
- 2016
45. Faecal microbiome in new-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Tejesvi MV, Arvonen M, Kangas SM, Keskitalo PL, Pirttilä AM, Karttunen TJ, and Vähäsalo P
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Antibodies, Antinuclear immunology, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Computational Biology methods, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Genes, Bacterial, Genes, rRNA, HLA-B27 Antigen immunology, Humans, Male, Metagenome, Metagenomics, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Feces microbiology, Microbiota
- Abstract
Alterations in the intestinal microbial flora have been linked with autoimmune diseases. Our objective was to analyse the composition of the faecal microbiome of children with new-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared to healthy controls, and to identify specific gut bacteria associated with JIA. Stool samples from patients were taken at the time of diagnosis of JIA. The microbiome profiles of samples of 30 children with JIA (mean age 6.2 years, 22 girls) were analysed with 16S region-based sequencing profiling and compared to the stool samples of healthy controls (n = 27, mean age 5.4 years, 18 girls). The proportion of bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes was significantly lower in children with JIA [21 % (95 % confident interval [CI]: 17-25 %)] compared to controls [33 % (95 % CI: 26-41 %), p = 0.009]. Bacteria belonging to Bacteroidetes were significantly more abundant in JIA [78 % (95 % CI: 74-82 %)] than in control samples [65 % (95 % CI: 57-73 %), p = 0.008]. Shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between the groups revealed that genera Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were present only in JIA patients and Lentisphaerae only in controls. In summary, faecal flora in JIA is characterised by a low level of Firmicutes and an abundance of Bacteroidetes, resembling the aberration reported in type 1 diabetes. We suggest that alterations in the intestinal microbial flora may challenge the mucosal immune system of genetically susceptible subjects predisposing to local proinflammatory cascades, thus contributing to the development of JIA.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Clinical study of 20 patients with incontinentia pigmenti.
- Author
-
Poziomczyk CS, Bonamigo RR, Santa Maria FD, Zen PR, and Kiszewski AE
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Congenital Hypothyroidism etiology, Humans, Incontinentia Pigmenti genetics, Incontinentia Pigmenti pathology, Infant, Myasthenia Gravis etiology, Nails, Malformed etiology, Incontinentia Pigmenti complications, Kidney Neoplasms etiology, Tooth Abnormalities etiology, Wilms Tumor etiology
- Abstract
Background: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare genodermatosis with early prenatal lethality in affected males. Clinical manifestations are usually more exuberant in sporadic than in familial cases. Cutaneous manifestations occur in all sporadic cases and about 96% of familial cases. As well as the skin, other tissues arising from the neuroectoderm may be affected., Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate dermatologic, dental, neurologic, and ophthalmologic manifestations in patients with IP., Methods: Findings in IP patients and family members also diagnosed with IP in Porto Alegre, Brazil, during 2003-2012, were analyzed., Results: Thirteen children and seven relatives were diagnosed with IP; 38.4% of cases were familial, and 61.5% were sporadic. Mean ± standard deviation follow-up was 46.08 ± 39.47 months. Frequencies of 100% and 85.7% for dermatologic manifestations, 23.0% and 0% for neurologic manifestations, 62.5% and 71.4% for dental manifestations, and 11.1% and 42.8% for ophthalmologic manifestations were found in affected children and relatives, respectively. Associated diseases include Wilms' tumor, myasthenia gravis, Still's syndrome, and congenital hypothyroidism., Conclusions: These findings reinforce the heterogeneity of dermatologic findings and the numerous extracutaneous manifestations requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The follow-up of patients with IP is important in the detection of serious associated diseases. The relationships between these disorders and IP raise the need for additional longitudinal studies with longterm monitoring of these patients. The management of IP in clinical practice may benefit from early efforts to detect associated diseases., (© 2015 The International Society of Dermatology.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A better understanding of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with classification criteria.
- Author
-
Akioka S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile therapy, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Reference Standards, Arthritis, Juvenile classification
- Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, JIA, is a novel rheumatic disease in childhood introduced by the International League of Associations for Rheumatology. It is defined as a chronic, inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, which is classified into seven categories; systemic-onset type, persistent and extended oligoarthritis, polyarthritis with rheumatoid factor negative, polyarthritis with rheumatoid factor positive, psoriatic arthritis, enthesitis-related arthritis and undifferentiated arthritis. As each category of JIA has different features in clinical phenotypes, precise subtyping is required for research and management. However, some modifications to the criteria might be helpful for getting better answers in diagnosis because of ethnical difference in prevalence and subtype distribution. Actually in Japanese population, a unique subset "B27-negative polyenthesitis" termed by Shichikawa should be included in enthesitis-related arthritis of JIA as a different type of enthesitis from B27-positive counterpart of spondyloarthritis in adulthood. Deep insights into the classification criteria will be needed for the better understanding of JIA.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. [JUVENILE SPONDYLOARTHRITIS].
- Author
-
Lamot L and Harjaček M
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Child, Humans, Spondylitis, Ankylosing etiology, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile therapy, Spondylitis, Ankylosing diagnosis, Spondylitis, Ankylosing therapy
- Abstract
Juvenile spondyloartrhritis is a group of multifactorial diseases in which a disturbed interplay occurs between the immune system and environmental factors on a predisposing genetic background, which leads to inflammation and structural damage of the target tissue. First symptoms of jSpA rarely involve the spine, while asymmetrical oligoarthritis of lower extremities, dactylitis, and peripheral enthesitis are much more common. There are many classification criteria for jSpA, but the majority of pediatric rheumatologists currently use the International League Against Rheumatism (ILAR) criteria according to which most patients with jSpA are classified into the enthesitis-related arthritis group of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. To meet these criteria, a patient should have arthritis and/or enthesitis, with two or more symptoms such as sacroiliac joint tenderness and/or inflammatory back pain, HLAB27 genotype, HLA B27 genotype-associated disease in a first- or second-degree relative, uveitis, and male sex with eight or more years of age. Therefore, diagnosis is most oft en made only based on clinical examination and medical history. Anti- nuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and HLA testing with B27, B7, and DR4 alleles are preferred. Since subclinical gut inflammation is present in many patients, it is recommended to check fecal calprotectin levels. In patients with signs of peripheral enthesitis it is warranted to perform power Doppler musculoskeletal ultrasound (PDUS), and in patients with signs of axial involvement radiographic and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Most patients are treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy, while in refractory cases with peripheral disease synthetic disease- modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as sulfasalazine, are used. In patients with axial involvement, biological DMARDs such as adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept are obligatory. Although a number of studies gave us a good insight into the disease pathogenesis, the response to treatment and prognosis are still difficult to predict.
- Published
- 2016
49. [JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS].
- Author
-
Bukovac LT and Perica M
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Child, Humans, Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis, Arthritis, Juvenile therapy
- Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disorder in children and one of the most common causes of part-time or long-term disability. The term juvenile idiopathic arthritis defines the main characteristics of the disease: joint inflammation of unknown origin manifested before the 16th birthday and lasting for more than six weeks. JIA is very rare in infancy, with highest frequency in preschool age. It is not a single disease, but a group of disorders with some common features of different immunopathogenesis and with different clinical manifestations. According to the revised International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria, JIA is classified into 8 subtypes, but this classification is still a “work in progress“ because with new knowledge gained in genetics and immunology, the classification will obviously have to be changed and refined. New research of the disease pathogenesis is the basis for the development of new and better treatments for JIA. The goal of such treatments is not just to relieve pain, but also to control inflammation and stop irreversible joint damage and long-term disability. Biological agents have significantly improved the disease prognosis.
- Published
- 2016
50. Influence of Matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 3 genetic variations on susceptibility and severity of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- Author
-
Abd-Allah SH, El-Shal AS, Shalaby SM, Pasha HF, Abou El-Saoud AM, Abdel Galil SM, and Mahmoud TA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile blood, Arthritis, Juvenile etiology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 blood, Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 blood, Young Adult, Arthritis, Juvenile genetics, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 genetics, Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic rheumatic disease affecting children aged less than 16 years, characterized by chronic synovitis, cartilage damage, and bony erosions mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), mainly MMP-1 and MMP-3. The purpose of this study was to investigate MMP-1 and MMP-3 gene polymorphisms in patients with JIA, the role of genes in susceptibility to JIA, and their associations with JIA activity and prognosis. Case-control study included 100 patients diagnosed with JIA, according to the criteria of the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR), and 100 healthy children, age and sex matched, as controls. The MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) and MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) polymorphisms were screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The serum levels of MMP-1 and MMP 3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There were significant differences between patients with JIA and control groups regarding the genotype and allele frequencies distributions of both MMP-1 1G/2G and MMP-3 5A/6A polymorphisms. The haplotype 2G-6A, which carries the abnormal alleles, showed higher frequencies in patients with JIA than in controls (OD = 2.8, P = 0.002). The prevalence of MMP-1 2G and 6A allele for MMP-3 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with persistent oligoarticular, rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive polyarthritis, and systemic JIA groups. There were significantly increased serum levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3 associated with 2G/6A haplotype in the patient group, especially with the polyarticular RF (+ve) group than in other groups and the control group. MMP-1 and MMP-3 haplotypes could be useful genetic markers for JIA susceptibility and severity in the juvenile Egyptian population. Moreover, our data further support the use of serum MMP-3 and MMP-1 as specific markers of disease activity in JIA., (© 2015 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.