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The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the need to ensure reliable operation of vehicles and minimize the risks of interruptions in the operation of internal combustion engines (ICE). A common phenomenon in operation is misfiring, which negatively affects the efficiency of the ICE and can lead to emergencies that entail significant financial and temporary losses for commercial companies. The problem is the need to identify and prevent such malfunctions early. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a system for monitoring and analyzing the technical condition of the internal combustion engine through vibration measurements. Method and methodology. The work used the method of in-place diagnostics, the use of which increases efficiency of determining the technical condition of the vehicle internal combustion engine. Results. This article describes the system developed by the authors for checking the technical condition of an internal combustion engine. As a result, software to process and record vibration and timing data has been developed in MATLAB. The study of influence of defects in mechanisms and systems of internal combustion engine on uniformity of time-amplitude characteristic of vibration pulses of each individual cylinder, which occur during operation of internal combustion engine, was carried out by calculation and experimentation. As a key conclusion, it is noted that the developed system allows to quickly and non-invasively identify the idle cylinder or the one of which contribution to the rotational movement of the crankshaft is the least compared to others. The research makes it possible to provide diagnostics in a short time using available means. Scope of application of the results. the research results were tested in the conditions of a service company when diagnosing the internal combustion engines of passenger cars and trucks, and can be applied by both car repair shops and car enthusiasts.