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The main goal of ARICE's WP2 is to maintain a fluid dialogue between the industrial community and the Arctic scientific community. Ultimately, such dialogue allows the development of the industry to respond to the challenges of sustainability, responsibility, and effectiveness in industrial operations in the Arctic. During the period since the publication of D2.4 "Inventory of specific opportunities for technology transfer and innovation between Arctic science community and industry" in 2020, this dialogue has continued, providing tools for the possible development of a long-term relationship between the scientific and industrial community in the Arctic.

The organic carbon resulting from photosynthesis in the upper ocean is transferred downward through the passive sinking of organic particles, physical mixing of particulate and dissolved organic carbon as well as active flux transported by zooplanktonic and micronektonic migrants. Several meso- and bathypelagic organisms feed in shallower layers during the nighttime and respire, defecate, excrete and die at depth. Recent studies suggest that migrant micronekton transport similar amounts of carbon to migrant zooplankton. However, there is scarce information about biomass and carbon flux by non-migratory species in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones. The non-migratory bristlemouth fishes (Cyclothone spp.) and partial migrator (A. hemigymnus) remineralise organic carbon at depth, and knowledge about this process by this fauna is lacking despite them having been referred to as the most abundant vertebrates on Earth. Here we show the vertical distribution of biomass and respiration of non-migratory mesopelagic fishes, during day and night, using the enzymatic activity of the electron transfer system (ETS) as a proxy for respiration rates. The study is focused on five Cyclothone species (C. braueri, C. pseudopallida, C. pallida, C. livida and C. microdon) and Argyropelecus hemigymnus. The samples were taken on a transect from the oceanic upwelling off Northwest Africa (20° N, 20° W) to the south of Iceland (60° N, 20° W). Cyclothone spp. showed, by far, the largest biomass (126.90 ± 86.20 mg C·m⁻²) compared to A. hemigymnus (0.54 ± 0.44 mg C·m⁻²). The highest concentrations of Cyclothone spp. in the water column were observed between 400 and 600 m and from 1000 to 1500 m depths, both during day and night. For the different species analysed, ETS activity did not show significant differences between diurnal and nocturnal periods. The total average specific respiration of Cyclothone spp. (0.02 ± 0.01 d⁻¹) was lower than that observed for A. hemigymnus (0.05±0.02 d⁻¹). The average carbon respiration of Cyclothone spp. was 2.22 ± 0.81 mg C·m⁻²·d⁻¹, while it was much lower for A. hemigymnus (0.04 ± 0.03 mg C·m⁻²·d⁻¹). The respiration of Cyclothone spp. was lower in the bathypelagic than in the mesopelagic zone (0.84 ± 0.48 vs 1.36 ± 1.01 mg C·m⁻²·d⁻¹, respectively). These results, to our knowledge, provide the first account of remineralisation by this community in the meso and bathypelagic zones of the ocean., Biomass and Active Flux in the Bathypelagic Zone, BATHYPELAGIC, MESOPELAGICOS, SI

Este artículo expone algunas reflexiones acerca de las desigualdades que afectan el aprovechamiento de la educación pública costarricense para responder al contexto actual de globalización y desarrollo tecnológico. A partir de aportes teóricos de Chakravorty-Spivak y Freire, se discute la transformación de la alfabetización en el contexto de la cultura digital y las oportunidades que representa para un desarrollo social mucho más equitativo en el país. This article exposes some reflections about the inequalities that affect to take advantage of Costa Rican public education to respond to the current context of globalization and technological development. Based on the theoretical contributions of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Paulo Freire, the transformation of literacy in the context of digital culture is discussed to take advantage of opportunities for a more equitable social development in the country. UCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede de Guanacaste

20 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, supplemental material https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00535, Quantification of the actual amount of carbon export to the mesopelagic layer by both zooplankton and micronekton is at present a gap in the knowledge of the biological pump. These organisms perform diel vertical migrations exporting carbon through respiration, excretion, mortality, and egestion during their residence at depth. The role of zooplankton in active flux is nowadays partially assessed. However, micronekton active flux is scarcely known and only a few studies addressed this downward transport. Even less is known about the capacity of both communities to export carbon in the ocean. Here, we show the results of zooplankton and micronekton active flux across a productivity gradient in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Biomass vertical distribution from the surface up to 800 m depth by day and night was studied during April 2015 in a transect from 9°S to 25°N, covering from the quite oligotrophic zone off Brazil to the meso- and eutrophic areas of the equator, Guinea Dome, and the oceanic upwelling off Northwest Africa. Zooplankton and micronekton migrant biomass was estimated from day and night catches at different layers of the water column using MOCNESS-1 (1 m2 mouth area) and Mesopelagos (35 m2) nets, respectively. Respiratory flux was assessed by measuring the enzymatic activity of the electron transfer system (ETS) of organisms at depth. Results showed a close relationship between migrant biomass and respiratory flux in zooplankton and micronekton as expected. Using a rather conservative 50% of efficiency for the net used to capture micronekton, respiratory flux resulted in similar values for both communities. Gravitational (passive) flux measured using sediment traps increased from the oligotrophic toward the meso- and eutrophic zones. Total active flux (including respiration and estimated mortality, excretion, and gut flux) by zooplankton and micronekton accounted for about 25% of total flux (passive plus active) in oligotrophic zones. Total active flux also increased toward meso- and eutrophic zones, reaching about 80% of total flux and being at least twofold higher than passive flux. These results alert about an important underestimation of the ocean biological pump using only passive flux measurements, This work was supported by projects “Migrants and Active Flux in the Atlantic Ocean” (MAFIA, CTM2012-39587-C04), and “Biomass and Active Flux in the Bathypelagic Zone” (Bathypelagic, CTM2016-78853-R) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

Dañobeitia, Juan José ... et al.-- Special issue Geodynamics of the Latin American Pacific Margin.-- 21 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, Processing and analysis of new multichannel seismic records, coincident with wide-angle seismic profiles, acquired in the framework of the TsuJal project allow us to investigate in detail the complex structure of the oceanic domain in the collision zone between Rivera Plate and Block Jalisco at its northern termination. The subducting Rivera Plate, which is overridden by the North American Plate–Jalisco Block, is clearly identified up to 21.5°N (just south of Maria Magdalena Island) as a two clear reflections that we interpret as the interplate and Moho discontinuities. North of the Tres Marias Islands the seismic images display a different tectonic scenario with structures that are consistent with large faulting and rifted margin. A two-dimensional velocity approach for the crustal geometry is achieved using joint refraction/reflection travel time tomography, the uncertainty of the results is assessed by means of Monte Carlo analysis. Our results show an average oceanic crustal thickness of 6–7 km with a moderate increase towards the Jalisco Block, an anomalous thick layers (~3.0 km) displaying a relatively low velocity (~5.5 km/s) underneath Maria Magdalena Rise, and an estimated Moho depth deeper than 15 km in the collision zone between Rivera Plate and Jalisco Block. We have also determined an anomalous crust on the western flank of the Tres Marias Islands, which may be related to the initial phases of continental breakup of the Baja California Peninsula and Mexico mainland. High-resolution bathymetry provides remarkable images of intensive slope instabilities marked by relatively large slides scars of more than 40 km2 extent, and mass-wasting deposits probably triggered by the intense seismicity in the area, This research was supported by TSUJAL (Crustal characterization of the Rivera Plate–Jalisco Block boundary and its implications for seismic and tsunami hazard assessment, funded by the Spanish National Agency (Ref. CGL2011-29474-C02-01) and “Ramon y Cajal” program (R. Bartolome). The Government of Jalisco State has also funding for this project with various funds CONACYT–FOMIXJAL 2008–96567 (2009); CON- 848, CONACYT–FOMIXJAL 2008–96539 (2009); 849, CONACYT–FOMIXJAL 2010–149245 (2011); 850, CONACyT-FOMIXJal (2012-08-189963) and also 851, partial funding was provided by UNAM DGAPA 852 Grant #IN115513-3 and CABO Project JGAP2013,and UNAM DGAPA Grant #IN114602

Este documento describe los principales resultados de un proyecto de investigación en el que se llevó a cabo un análisis del diseño metodológico para la medición de cargas de trabajo, en el Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje (INA). El estudio se elaboró como parte del requisito académico para obtener el grado de Magister en Administración de Recursos Humanos de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. A partir de la información obtenida, se demostró la necesidad de ajustar variables como tiempo mínimo, tiempo promedio y tiempo máximo asignado a las tareas analizadas. Posteriormente, se elaboró un producto que consistió en el desarrollo de un procedimiento estandarizado, un instructivo y la mejora del instrumento existente, lo que permitió determinar paso a paso las actividades para medir las cargas de trabajo en la institución que fue objeto de estudio. This document describes the results from a research project that analyzed the measurement design of workloads at the National Learning Institute (INA, according to Spanish initials). The study was developed as part of the academic requirements to obtain a Master degree in Human Resources Administration at National University of Costa Rica. Using a qualitative methodology, it was shown that variables such as minimum, average and maximum time allotted to the analyzed tasks needed adjustment. Subsequently, a standardized procedure, an instructive and improved instrument were developed, allowing to determine step by step the activities to measure workloads in the institution studied. UCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede de Guanacaste UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Psicología

Nuñez-Cornu, Francisco ... et al.-- 14 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, In the spring of 2014, an onshore–offshore geophysical experiment (“Crustal Characterization of the Rivera plate–Jalisco Block Boundary and Its Implications for Seismic and Tsunami Hazard Assessment”) was carried out in the frame of the TsuJal project to define the crustal architecture of the western Mexican active margin and identify potential structural sources that can trigger earthquakes and tsunamis at the convergence between the Rivera plate (RP) and the Jalisco Block (JB) within the North American plate. In this work, we present the preliminary results about bathymetric, structural geology, and wide‐angle seismic data of the southern coast of Bahía de Banderas. These data indicate the slab thickness in this area is about 10 km and presents a dip angle of about 8°. Continental crustal thickness below Puerto Vallarta is about 20 km, but no evidences of continental Moho and clear subduction features (trench, accretionary prism) are observed. Nevertheless, this model supports the hypothesis that the region of Bahía de Banderas is under strong crustal stresses generating structural lineaments with the same trends offshore and inland due to the convergence of the RP against the JB. Most of the seismicity reported can be associated with the main structural lineaments. Moreover, the Banderas Canyon (BC) is apparently in an eastward opening process, which seems to continue through the Rio Pitillal river valley; no seismic or morphological evidences were found to suggest the BC is a continuation of the Vallarta graben. Offshore, the Sierra de Cleofas, located south of María Cleofas Island, marks the limit between the RP and the JB along 100 km. It may be the result of the RP pushing against the JB establishing the beginning of the current subduction process, with associated seismic activity. If a subduction type earthquake occurs in this area, the associated magnitude will be about 7.5 and could have a tsunamigenic effect, This Research is funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) – Fondo Mixto CONACYT – Gobierno de Jalisco (FOMIXJAL) 2008-96567 (2009); CONACYT–FOMIXJAL 2008-96539 (2009); CONA-CYT–FOMIXJAL 2010-149245 (2011); CONACYT–FOMIXJAL (2012-08-189963) (MEXICO); Ciencias de la Tierra y Cambio Global (CGL; 2011-29474-C02-01) Dirección General de Investigación (DGI) Plan Nacional I+D+i (España). National Oceanography Centre (NOC) Cruise JC098, RRS James Cook (United Kingdom); Funding for the EL PUMA campaign was provided by Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) (Comisión Académica de los Buques Oceanográficos de la UNAM [CABO]) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico de la UNAM (DGAPA) Grant Number IN115513-3; Secretaría de Marina (Mexico) ARM Holzinger; Secretaría de Defensa Nacional (Mexico); Unidad Municipal de Proteccion Civil y Bomberos (Puerto Vallarta, Mexico); Unidad Estatal de Proteccion Civil y Bomberos (Nayarit State, Mexico); Unidad Municipal de Proteccion Civil y Bomberos (Jalisco State, Mexico); Reserva de la Biosfera (Islas Marías) Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales y Protegidas (CONANP)-Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT); Órgano Desconcentrado de Prevención y Readaptacion Social de la Secretaría de Gobernación (SEGOB); Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (Mexico)

22 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2016.12.001, In this investigation we analysed the changes in fish species occurrences and relative abundances across the tropical and equatorial Atlantic, and their vertical distribution patterns in relation to the different environmental scenarios. The study covers a wide region encompassing different water masses, and marked differences in productivity, from an oligotrophic zone close to the Brazilian coast, to a very productive upwelling region close to the Northwest African upwelling. Fishes were collected with a medium-sized midwater trawl (Mesopelagos), complemented by hauls made with a macrozooplankton net (MOCNESS). Species richness in the region was higher than in subtropical, temperate and cold regions. The total number of species and their overall abundance was lower in the stations closer to the Brazilian coast. Abundant species across the entire region were the gonostomatids Cyclothone alba, Cyclothone acclinidens, Cyclothone pallida and Cyclothone pseudopallida, the myctophid Lampanyctus alatus, the sternoptychid Sternoptyx diaphana, and the phosichthyid Vinciguerria nimbaria. The occurrences and abundances of C. parapallida, Lampanyctus nobilis and Lepidophanes guentheri were related to zones where AAIW waters occupied the mesopelagic layers, while other species such as Cyclothone livida and Polyipnus polli increased their abundance when AAIW disappears from their living depths. The presence of Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) was associated with the occurrence of several myctophids (Benthosema glaciale, Ceratoscopelus maderensis, Diaphus holti, Diaphus rafinesquii, Hygophum hygomii, Lampanyctus crocodilus, Myctophum punctatum, Symbolophorus veranyi), and the gonostomatid Cyclothone braueri. In spite of the important differences in hydrographic features across the tropical and equatorial Atlantic, all stations showed either the general night migration into the epipelagic layers carried out by myctophids, phosicthyids, and some stomiids, or the presence of the several species of Cyclothone, sternoptychids and melamphaeids that remain in the mesopelagic layers, both day and night. The oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at mesopelagic depths in the north-eastern sector does not seem to disrupt diel vertical migration. Day-night distributions in our study proved that mesopelagic migratory species are capable of crossing these wide hypoxic layers, and that some species such as Diaphus vanhoeffeni remain in these layers during the day. Other non-migratory fishes (Cyclothone spp. and S. diaphana) proved to be widely tolerant to these low oxygen concentrations, as shown by their high numerical abundances in the OMZ, This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through project CTM2012-39587-C04-03

Bartolomé, Rafael ... et al.-- Special issue Geodynamics of the Latin American Pacific Margin.-- 20 pages, 11 figures, During the TSUJAL marine geophysical survey, conducted in February and March 2014, Spanish, Mexican and British scientists and technicians explored the western margin of Mexico, considered one of the most active seismic zones in America. This work aims to characterize the internal structure of the subduction zone of the Rivera plate beneath the North American plate in the offshore part of the Jalisco Block, to link the geodynamic and the recent tectonic deformation occurring there with the possible generation of tsunamis and earthquakes. For this purpose, it has been carried out acquisition, processing and geological interpretation of a multichannel seismic reflection profile running perpendicular to the margin. Crustal images show an oceanic domain, dominated by subduction–accretion along the lower slope of the margin with a subparallel sediment thickness of up to 1.6 s two-way travel time (approx. 2 km) in the Middle American Trench. Further, from these data the region appears to be prone to giant earthquake production. The top of the oceanic crust (intraplate reflector) is very well imaged. It is almost continuous along the profile with a gentle dip (, We gratefully acknowledge financial support from MINECO (Spain) through TSUJAL project (CGL2011-29474-C02-01) and “Ramon y Cajal” program (R. Bartolome), and from Mexico through CONACYT–FOMIXJAL 2008–96567 (2009); CONACYT–FOMIXJAL 2008–96539 (2009); CONACYT–FOMIXJAL 2010–149245 (2011); CONACyT-FOMIXJal (2012-08-189963) and also partial funding was provided by UNAM DGAPA Grant #IN115513-3

17 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables, The mesopelagic fish community of the western Mediterranean was studied during two cruises carried out in December 2009 and July 2010 in the shelf and slope zones around the Balearic Islands. Much of what was previously known about this deep water group of fishes in the Mediterranean Sea came from studies performed using planktonic and small midwater nets. This study was the first attempt to use large pelagic trawls and small nets combined with information about the main sound scattering layers to analyse mesopelagic fish composition, diversity and species assemblages. This community is characterised by a relatively low diversity compared to other oceanic regions of the world, with Myctophiformes and Stomiiformes being the main contributors. Bathymetry and the level of the water column were the most important factors structuring the investigated fish assemblages, and similar vertical patterns were observed for the different species collected during the two study periods. A shelf assemblage composed of a few species of myctophids, with Notoscopelus elongatus being the main contributor, was distinguished. The slope assemblage included both Myctophiformes and Stomiiformes that showed differences in their day–night main location along the water column. In terms of species behaviour, two important groups were detected. The first was non-migrant or weakly migrant species, with the paradigmatic example being the gonostomatid Cyclothone braueri, which occurred at a depth of 400–600 m; this species is partly responsible for the permanent acoustic (38 kHz) response at this depth. The second group, near-surface migrants at night, was represented by most of the juvenile and adult myctophids, exemplified by Ceratoscopelus maderensis, with the exception of just a few of the largest size classes of some species, such as Lampanyctus crocodilus and N. elongatus that remain near the bottom, The research was funded by project CTM2008-04489-C03-01 and 02. A. Bernal acknowledges predoctoral FPI Fellowship support from Spain’s Ministry of Science and Innovation

[EN] Traditionally the horizontal orientation in a ship (heading) has been obtained from a gyrocompass. This instrument is still used on research vessels but has an estimated error of about 2-3 degrees, inducing a systematic error in the cross-track velocity measured by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The three-dimensional positioning system (GPS 3DF) provides an independent heading measurement with accuracy better than 0.1 degree. The Spanish research vessel BIO Hespérides has been operating with this new system since 1996. For the first time on this vessel, the data from this new instrument are used to estimate gyrocompass error. The methodology we use follows the scheme developed by Griffiths (1994), which compares data from the gyrocompass and the GPS system in order to obtain an interpolated error function. In the present work we apply this methodology on mesoscale surveys performed during the observational phase of the OMEGA project, in the Alboran Sea. The heading-dependent gyrocompass error dominated. Errors in gyrocompass heading of 1.4-3.4 degrees have been found, which give a maximum error in measured cross-track ADCP velocity of 24 cm s-1, [ES] Tradicionalmente, la orientación horizontal (heading) de los barcos se ha obtenido a partir de una giroscópica. Este instrumento todavía es utilizado en los barcos de investigación, pero tiene un error asociado de entre 2 y 3 grados, provocando un error sistemático en la velocidad medida por el perfilador de corriente por efecto Doppler (ADCP) perpendicular a la trayectoria del barco. El sistema de posicionamiento tridimensional GPS 3DF permite obtener medidas independientes del heading con una precisión mayor de 0.1 grados. El BIO Hespérides dispone de este nuevo sistema desde 1996. Por primera vez en este barco, los datos de este nuevo instrumento se han utilizado para estimar el error de la giroscópica. La metodología usada está basada en el método de Griffiths (1994), el cuál compara datos del sistema GPS y de la giroscópica a fin de obtener una función representativa del error. En este trabajo aplicamos dicha metodología a una campaña realizada en el mar de Alborán, durante la fase observacional del proyecto OMEGA. El error de la giroscópica dependiente del rumbo dominó. Se detectaron errores comprendidos entre 1.4 y 3.4 grados, que producen un error máximo de 24 cm s -1, en la componente de la velocidad medida por el ADCP perpendicular a la trayectoria del barco, We wish to express our gratitude to all scientists and technical staff who participated in the OMEGA- 1 cruise in the Western Alboran sea, as well as to the BIO Hespérides crew. OMEGA was a project of the Marine Science and Technology (MAST) Programme of the European Commission funded under contract MAS3-CT95-0001. OMEGA-1 was partially funded by the Spanish R+D National Plan (grant AMB95-0901). Special thanks to Pablo Rodríguez for the technical information about the GPS 3DF system

El presente artículo describe la percepción sobre el impacto del turismo en la vida cotidiana de un grupo de personas de una comunidad costera del Cantón de Santa Cruz. Se basa en una investigación del área de la psicología que tuvo como referencia el paradigma cualitativo; se utilizó dos técnicas para la recolección de la información: la entrevista abierta individual y grupos de discusión. Se trabajó con una población de seis participantes en las entrevistas individuales y ocho participantes en los grupos de discusión. Los resultados permiten reconocer la importancia social y económica del turismo en la zona costera del Cantón de Santa Cruz; es la principal opción laboral para los pobladores de esta comunidad y se relaciona con procesos socioculturales de modernización (globalización económica, urbanización, cambios en la cotidianidad, encuentros culturales y la creación de nuevas necesidades ligadas a la estructura productiva).