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Susmita Aryal,1 Sanghyo Park,1 Hyungkyu Park,1 Chaewon Park,1 Woo Cheol Kim,1 Deepika Thakur,1 Young-Joo Won,2 Jaehong Key1 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea; 2Division of Health Administration, College of Software Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon State, 26493, KoreaCorrespondence: Jaehong Key, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-Gil, Wonju, Gangwon State, 26493, Korea, Tel +82-33-760-2857, Fax +82-33-760-2919, Email jkey@yonsei.ac.krAbstract: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates and a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Most patients with lung cancer are treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery; however, effective treatment options remain limited. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of clinical trials, ranging from Phase I to III, conducted on drug delivery systems for lung cancer treatment. The trials included oral, inhaled, and intravenous administration of therapeutics. Furthermore, the study also talks about the evolving paradigm of targeted therapy and immunotherapy providing promising directions for personalized treatment. In addition, we summarize the best results and limitations of these drug delivery systems and discuss the potential capacity of nanomedicine.Keywords: lung cancer, clinical trials, nanomedicine, oral, intravenous, inhalation

Susmita Aryal,1,* Hyungkyu Park,1,* James F Leary,2 Jaehong Key11Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea; 2Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USACorrespondence: Jaehong KeyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, South KoreaTel +82 33 760 2857Fax +82 33 760 2919Email jkey@yonsei.ac.kr*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Recent breakthroughs in nanoparticle research have led to improved drug delivery and have overcome problems associated with normal drug delivery methods. Optimizing the design of nanoparticles in terms of controlled size, shape, and surface chemistry of nanoparticles can maximize the therapeutic efficacy. To maximize therapeutic effects, advanced formulation and fabrication methods have been developed. Biomedical applications of nanoparticles produced using the new fabrication techniques, including drug delivery and molecular imaging, have been widely explored. This review highlights the simple and versatile manufacturing techniques that can be used in the development of new types of nanoparticles that have strictly controlled physiochemical properties and their multifaceted advantages in drug delivery and molecular imaging.Keywords: fabrication, lithography, cancer, advanced manufacturing method