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The aim of this work consists in designing a vector control of a wheel induction motor without mechanical sensor. This machine is intended to be the propulsion for a new concept of electrical bus. The main characteristics of this application are the wide frequency working area and the avoid of the mechanical sensor. First of all, we have chosen the best structure of control for this application. After that, we have designed, realised and implemented in simulation the functions of the chosen control structure. Aftel' that, we have realised several real implementations (based on a digital signal process) and validations in several experimental drives: a low power one in laboratory and an analogical simulator, a high power drive and an electrical bus in enterprise. In these implementations we have found real time handicaps and problems issued of the bus working conditions. This work has been realised in collaboration with ALSTOM, specialised on electrical transport, associated in this case with Renault Vehicule Industriels and with Iveco., Le but de ce travail est de concevoir un contrôle vectoriel sans capteur mécanique d'un moteur roue asynchrone. Ce moteur est destiné à la propulsion d'un nouveau concept de bus électrique. Les principales caractéristiques de cette application sont la large plage de fréquence et le fonctionnement sans capteur mécanique. Nous avons premièrement choisi la structure de commande la mieux adaptée à cette application. Après, nous avons conçu, réalisé, et mis en place en simulation les fonctions de la structure de commande retenue. Ensuite, nous avons réalisé plusieurs implantations (basées sur un processeur de signal) et validations sur différents dispositifs expérimentaux: un banc de petit puissance au laboratoire, puis un simulateur analogique, un banc d'essai moteur roue et un véhicule démonstrateur chez l'industriel. Dans ces implantations nous avons rencontré les contraintes du fonctionnement en temps réel et celles dues proprement aux conditions imposées sur le mode de fonctionnement dans le véhicule. Ce travail s'est déroulé en collaboration avec un partenaire industriel ALSTOM, spécialiste de la traction électrique, associé pour ce projet à Renault Véhicules Industriels et à Iveco.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming well established as a key component in the integration of renewable energies and in the development of electric vehicles. Nevertheless, they have a narrow safe operating area with regard to the voltage and temperature conditions at which these batteries can work. Outside this area, a series of chemical reactions take place that can lead to component degradation, reduced performance and even self-destruction. The phenomenon consisting of the sudden failure of an LIB, causing an abrupt temperature increase, is known as thermal runaway (TR) and is considered to be the most dangerous event that can occur in LIBs. Therefore, the safety of LIBs is one of the obstacles that this technology must overcome in order to continue to develop and become well established for uses in all types of applications. This chapter presents a detailed study of the general issues surrounding this phenomenon. The origin of the problem is identified, the causes are detailed as well as the phases prior to TR. An analysis is made of the most relevant factors influencing this phenomenon, and details are provided of detection, prevention and mitigation measures that could either prevent the TR or reduce the consequences.