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Phosphocalcic apatites have osteoconductive and bioactive properties that make them suitable for bone reconstruction. But, they are inactive against pathogenic microorganisms that can infect bone tissue. To overcome this limitation, we synthesized oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites that can release molecular oxygen as a bioactive molecule. We investigated how the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) gave impacts on the chemical and structural composition of the oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites. We here used the double decomposition method, which involved mixing calcium nitrate and diammonium phosphate solutions in an ammonia buffer. We then characterized the products using several analysis, including infrared absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and elemental chemical analysis. It was found that the oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites were calcium-deficient and had a well-defined crystallinity at room temperature. After calcination at 900°C, the crystallinity improved further. The thermal analysis showed two mass losses: one at 50°C due to water adsorption and another at 450°C due to CO2 release. The specific surface area was about 100 ± 2 m2/g without any change with the Ca/P ratio. The quantity of molecular oxygen increased with the Ca/P ratio and reached an optimal value of the order of 3.6 ×10-4 mol for Ca/P=1/65 with the chemical formula of Ca9.9(PO4)6(OH)1.25(O2)0.74(CO3)0.01. It is important to make further analysis to know more about the properties of oxygenated apatite, and to combine this apatite with polymers purposely to have biomedical composites. It then can be concluded that the oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites could be a promising biomaterial for bone infection prevention and treatment. This research highlights an oxygenation treatment of phosphocalcic apatite and brings new ideas and possibilities for future research and development to get better understanding of the behavior of these biomaterials to be more effective, especially in the biological field. As a perspective, improving the biological properties in these biomaterials needs to be further explored, including experimental parameters for the obtainment of more conclusive results.

This research aims to determine the development of the number of scientific publications in the field of particulate matter; the number of publications from each country that publish articles on heat transfer, nanoparticles, and automotive radiators; articles with the highest number of citations; and visualization publication development map based on keywords. To achieve this goal, quantitative descriptive research was carried out using bibliometric analysis with the help of the publish or perish (PoP) application to collect data and VOSviewer to visualize related research topics. The article data taken is limited to 2018-2023. In addition, the terms heat transfer, nanoparticles, and automotive radiators are used as keywords in collecting article data using the pop application. Research on heat transfer, nanoparticles, and automotive radiators has increased in 2020 and India has become one of the countries that has contributed many publications on this topic. From the mapping results, research on heat transfer, nanoparticles, and automotive radiators is still being carried out frequently, especially in early 2020-2021. This research can help academics determine which problems to research and can be used as a reference for further research.

This study aims to determine the knowledge and understanding of elementary school students about nutritious food and fast food, as well as recommendations for balancing them. The method used is a quantitative method with an experimental research design. The intended target is elementary school students in grade 5. The subject is 20 students in one class. The research was carried out in 3 stages, (i) pre-test, (ii) education using lecture and picture methods about fast food and healthy food, and the last one was (iii) post-test were the questions given were the same questions as the pre-test. After being educated about healthy nutritious food and fast food, the results showed quite different results from the previous results, which increased by 9% from 71.25 to 81.25%. The ineffectiveness of this method was influenced by the pretest scores of respondents which are already large enough. Thus, the increase is not so large. With the results obtained from the research that has been carried out, it is hoped that school-age children can be better informed about the importance of a balanced intake of healthy food and fast food consumed by children.

This research endeavors to assess the impact of additional practicum sessions and experimental demonstrations through video presentations on students' comprehension in an Islamic boarding school. The study focuses on enhancing students' understanding of the biochar concept, particularly its role as an adsorbent, aligning with contemporary issues related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and environmental problem-solving. To substantiate the research rationale, a concise literature review and bibliometric analysis were incorporated. The experiment involved comparing two classes – the experimental class, which received additional practicum and experimental demonstrations using videos, and the conventional class as the control group. The study included 45 students in Class XI of an Islamic boarding school. Learning outcomes were assessed through pre-test and post-test scores, as well as N-Gain calculations. The hypothesis was tested using the Paired Sample T-test. The practical aspect of the experiment involved carbonizing the skin of jengkol fruit to produce carbon, which was then utilized for adsorbing curcumin. The adsorption phenomena were observed and analyzed.The research findings demonstrated that the experimental demonstration method, particularly when complemented with video presentations, was more effective than conventional methods. This was evident from the N-Gain value of the experimental class and the results of statistical tests. The experimental demonstration method using videos is anticipated to enhance knowledge, provide a more authentic understanding and experience, and yield superior learning outcomes. These findings contribute valuable insights for future research on experimental demonstrations, emphasizing their potential to enhance the overall quality of student learning.

This study purpose was conducted to socialize about the benefits, types, and content of vitamins contained in vegetables that are commonly consumed by youth organizations /Karang Taruna members. Learning is done using PowerPoint media and its exposure is assisted by Zoom Meeting media and Whatsapp groups. And in this study, we spread 20 questions of pretest questionnaires before socialization and 20 post - test questions after socialization. The target of this study is a member of the organization Bulog Complex, Bekasi, Indonesia which consists of as many as 20 people. The results of the study conducted by the authors showed that members of the organization are interested in gaining deeper knowledge about vegetables, and want to be more routine to eat vegetables after getting socialization. This study concludes that most members of the Youth organization are interested in knowing more about vegetables and their benefits.

This study aims to develop asbestos-free and environmentally friendly brake pads using apus bamboo powder (Gigantochloa apus). In the experiments, bamboo powder, resin, and catalyst were used as the raw materials and varied to ensure the quality of the prepared brake pads. To analyze the performance of brake pads, the fabricated brake pads are subjected to physicochemical tests (such as microscopic tests and functional group analysis) and mechanical tests (such as puncture tests, compression tests, and friction tests). The research results showed that adjusting the composition of the raw materials allowed a change in the performance of the brake pad, including porosity, morphological structure, and mechanical properties. Indeed, the condition of the low porosity on the inside of the brake pad strategically optimizes the compression strength of the material, making this design ideal for applications that require high resistance to compression loads. This study shows the possibility of apus bamboo powder as an alternative to asbestos in the production of non-asbestos brake pads, offering a safer and environmentally friendly solution as well as giving ideas for supporting current issues in the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Battery pack used in electrical vehicles (EVs) have developed fastly nowadays and are important due to its capability to stores electric charge. However, it is still found that there is an electrical voltage fluctuations due to sudden load changes or faults in the power system. To overcome this problem, the conventional strategy focuses on using voltage stabilizer with inductor-capacitor resonant circuits, leaving the problem of using capacitors at cryogenic temperatures. Herewith, we design a vehicle automatic voltage stabilizer (VAVS) operating at room temperature. The VAVS consists of nine main components, including resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes arranged with a specific composition to stabilize the voltage. By considering Al electrolytic capacitor, type of diode, resistor, and transistor, the VAVS device stabilizes the input voltage from 10-15V to obtain an output voltage of 12V. Then, by varying the engine rotation speed of vehicle, VAVS applied in vehicle battery supplies a constant voltage of about 12.1 V. The lowest line regulation analysis reveals a regulated voltage fluctuation of 0.17%/V. Our result shows that VAVS design works at room temperature, overcomes the voltage fluctuation and complies with the standard regulation of voltage stabilizers.

This study aims to provide an understanding of the importance of vitamins and minerals, as well as foods and drinks containing vitamins and minerals according to age. As to prevent children's growth and development disorders. The method used in this research is pre-experimental with a quantitative approach. The research was carried out at Hanjuang Samijaya Elementary School in July 2022 with a sample of 15 students. The stages of the research are pretest, socialization of the importance of vitamins and minerals for the growth of children aged 12 years, and posttest. Based on the results of the study, students' understanding of the importance of vitamin and mineral intake for the growth of 12-year-old children increased after being given socialization. The percentage of students' average N-Gain score is 60%. This indicates the socialization carried out is quite effective. This is because of the enthusiasm of students in paying attention when socialization is being held, then the information can be conveyed and understood properly. Students who previously did not know and paid less attention to the vitamins and minerals their bodies needed, became more aware of and paid attention to the importance of these things. With this research, it is hopedevery parent and child will pay attention to the intake of vitamins and minerals needed by the body. As to avoid impaired child growth and development.

This study aims to design and analyze the design of a batch-type reactor to optimize the production of gold nanoparticles on an industrial scale. The method used in the design of this reactor is the computational analysis of the reactor calculations, including stirring and mass balance as initial calculations using the Microsoft Excel application manually. The calculation results show that the designed reactor specifications have a reactor volume of 21.7335 ft3, cylinder height of 13.4612 in, a height of solution in the cylinder of 8.9046 in, vessel diameter of 73.2984 in, design pressure of 9.9978 psig, impeller length of 9.1840 in, shaft length of 10.5418 in, with stirring power 62.5228 Hp. Reactor design analysis is an important stage in the design of production processes on an industrial scale, where the specification results from the designed reactor can be used not only to adjust the reactor to the product but also to be used as a reference for production costs. The results of computational analysis and calculations performed on the reactor design in this study can be used as a reference and can be applied in the design of reactor performance analysis as a learning media, including operating mechanisms in the production process.

Schools are institutions designed for the learning process. The school level is divided into basic education, secondary education, and higher education. The purpose of the school is to develop the potential of students. The purpose of this research is to combine mapping analysis with the VOSviewer application. In addition to VOSviewer, Publish or Perish was also carried out in this study. The keyword used is "High School". Based on search results of 1000 relevant articles published from 2017-2021. Based on the research results, the number of published articles about "high school" has decreased every year. This research is expected to help researchers who will conduct and determine the research theme.

Education is the study of a group of people's knowledge, abilities, and habits, which is passed down from generation to generation through teaching, training, or research. The goal of this study is to combine mapping analysis with VOSviewer software to undertake a bibliometric analysis of research in the field of education. To acquire research data, the reference manager application is employed. The information gathered is based on search results for the term "education." From the search results, we found 993 articles that were published between 2017 and 2021. According to the findings, the number of studies in 2017 was 232, grew to 263 in 2018, and then continued to fall from 2019 to 2021. In 2021, there will be 39 education-related research publications published in Google Scholar indexed journals. The fundamental reason is that the Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on educational research, as practically everything is focused on Covid-19. The value of bibliometric analysis in providing analytical data about what happens is demonstrated in this work. This study is meant to assist and serve as a resource for researchers in researching and identifying research themes.

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze particulate matter (PM) emissions from vehicles, focusing on their sources based on combustion and non-combustion process, classification (PM10, PM2.5, PM0.1), and health implications (including PM transportation into lungs). Employing bibliometric analysis, we assessed the growth of scientific publications related to PM, identifying top-cited works based on citations, publisher, author, country, and affiliation. We also visually mapped the development of research in this field using keyword-based publication data from Scopus (2019-2023) with the keywords "particulate matter", "emission”, and "particle size" by utilizing Publish or Perish and VOSviewer software. Our findings underscore a significant uptrend in particulate matter research, shedding light on key areas of investigation. This study serves as a valuable resource for academics seeking research direction and a reference point for future investigations.

Heat exchangers are used to transferring energy (heat), using fluids or gases, both hot and cold, from one area to another due to temperature differences. Almost all agricultural wastes serve as carbon products which are essential to produce graphene oxide, it is very possible to get graphene oxide by synthesizing it from agricultural waste which is expected to reduce the amount of waste on the earth. After carrying out the synthesis, it is necessary to test the characterization of the resulting product. The characterization stage requires a sintering process (20oC to 98oC) until the product is completely solidified. This research aims to design a heat exchanger that is highly effective in assisting the sintering process. For the design to be well-directed, several things must be done, such as calculating the main components (shell and tube) and designing a heat exchanger. Based on the TEMA standard and the use of simple calculations that refer to the attached calculation formula using Ms. Excel, hot and cold fluids used in this heat exchanger design are ethylene glycol and water. The length of the shell and tube as a whole is 5 m, the inner and outer shell diameters are 254 mm and 279.4 mm; the inner and outer tube diameters are respectively 22.09 mm and 25.40 mm. The calculation results show an excellent design effectiveness value of 86.14%. Continuous innovation in the design and materials of the heat exchanger can increase the effectiveness value to close to 100% so that it can help the graphene oxide synthesis process to make it cheaper and more efficient.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from different green synthesis medium and their various particle sizes on antibacterial activity. The article review method compares the results of 11 studies obtained from the PubMed database, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect indexed by Scopus in the last five years. The search was conducted based on the phrases nanoparticles, antibacterial, Green synthesis, and AgNPs. Green synthesis of AgNPs with various plant extracts produces different sizes of nanoparticles. The smallest size AgNPs were obtained in the range of 5-15 nm and an average of 13 nm extracted using the leaves of the Pacific Yew tree (Taxus brevifolia). Meanwhile, AgNPs with the best antibacterial effectiveness were obtained from the Blume flower extract (Wedelia urticifolia) measuring less than 30 nm providing a zone of inhibition for S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacteria.

This paper presents a review of adsorption isotherms of some dyes from aqueous solutions by biomaterial. In this paper, we reported Typha waste as a model of biomaterial classified as a low-cost adsorbent. The paper also briefly discusses about the literature information from the definition of dyes and adsorbents, bibliometric analysis, adsorption phenomena, adsorption isotherm models, and factors affecting the adsorption, to the use of Typha species waste as a low-cost adsorbent. The operational parameters factors are explained in terms of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial dye concentration that will affect the process of removing textile dye. The solution of pH turns out to be the most important condition in the adsorption process for anionic dye, a low pH value are preferable in contrast to cationic dye where the suitable pH value is high. For the adsorbent dose, the adsorption capacity increase along with the increment of adsorbent dosage due to the increase of the available amount of adsorption site. The contact time between the adsorbent and dye affects the efficiency of dye removal where a strong attraction force will shorten the time. As for the effect of dye initial concentration, increasing the initial concentration enhances the increment of adsorbent surface area to adsorb dyes. Several isotherm models are described. The Langmuir model is frequently used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the Typha species waste as adsorbents. This review paper suggested that the accuracy level obtained from adsorption processes is greatly dependent on the successful modeling of adsorption isotherms. Typha biomaterial wastes can be considered as the new useful low-cost natural adsorbents for dye clean-up operations in aquatic systems.

Internet literacy is very influential in today's social life. Even with students who carry out the learning process at home. This research was conducted to understand the extent to which students can formulate the information needs they get from the internet, as well as knowing the improvement of student competence based on information obtained from the internet for the learning process. The research method carried out by us is qualitative descriptive using a questionnaire and a post-questionnaire as the research medium. The results obtained from this study are students experience an increase in information competence that can help during the learning process.

This study aims to determine the effect of educational socialization using animation media on the level of understanding of the characteristics of malnourished children in the residents of Cigugur Girang Village, Parongpong, Indonesia. The study was conducted on 20 residents of the village of Cigugur Girang Parongpong, Indonesia. The age range of the respondents is 20-60 years. Respondents consisted of 3 men and 17 women. The research was conducted in 3 stages, namely (i) pre-test; (ii) education through animation media; and (iii) post-test. The results showed that the average pretest score was 73.5 and the post-test average was 94.75. The results of the comparison of the pretest and posttest showed an increase in respondents' knowledge after the action was taken. The results of the N-Gain calculation show that the average N-Gain value is 21% (N-Gain < 40%) indicating that animation media as a way of educating the characteristics of malnourished children is not effectively used in the community. This is because the community's pre-test scores are quite good, so it can be seen that the knowledge of characteristics of malnourished children is already known by the community. As for the results of the calculation of the t-test, it is known that the t-count (-8.213) < t-table (2.086) means that the post-test score of the students increased not significantly. With the completion of this research, it is hoped that more people will know about the characteristics of malnourished children. Thus, the phenomenon of malnourished children can be tackled earlier.

This study aims to educate about the importance of a healthy breakfast to prevent anemia in elementary school children. The study was conducted on 28 fourth-grade students at Hanjuang Samijaya Elementary School, Cihanjuang Village, Parongpong District, West Bandung, Indonesia. The method used is a quantitative research method with a pre-experimental design type one group pretest-posttest. The results showed that the average value of the pretest was 77.86 and the posttest was 89.29. The results of the comparison between the pretest and posttest showed an increase in respondents' knowledge after taking action in the form of education on the importance of having a healthy breakfast by consuming nutritious food. It is known that the average calculation result of N-Gain (Normalized Gain) is 58% (N-Gain > 40-55%). These results indicate that education about healthy breakfast is quite effective for elementary school students. This is indicated by the pretest score which is quite good, so students can know the importance of a healthy breakfast to prevent anemia. As for the results of the t-test calculation, it is known that T count (-8.132) < T table (1.703). That is, the students' post-test scores did not increase significantly. With the completion of this research, it is hoped that more students will know the importance of a healthy breakfast in an effort to prevent anemia.

This study aims to determine the level of students' understanding through learning videos regarding the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) education and balanced nutrition in 6th grade elementary school-aged children at integrated Islamic elementary school Daarul Fikri, Cihanjuang Village. Quantitative research method with pre-experimental design type one group pretest-posttest. The research was conducted on 20 6th grade students of integrated Islamic elementary school Daarul Fikri. The research was conducted in 3 stages, namely (i) pre-test; (ii) education through learning videos; and (iii) post-test. The results showed the average value of the pretest was 67.25 and the average posttest was 79.25. The comparison of pretest and posttest showed an increase in students' knowledge after taking action through learning videos. The result of calculating the average N-Gain value is 0.34 (34%) which shows that education through learning videos regarding the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and balanced nutrition is not effective. This is because the students' pre-test scores are quite good. As for the results of the calculation of the t-test, it is known that T count (-6.564) < T table (1.729) means that the posttest scores of students increase but are not significant. With the completion of this study, it is hoped that more school-age children will understand the relationship between Body Mass Index and balanced nutrition. That we can identify the nutritional status that will affect the health of our bodies.

This education aims to invite the public to recognize food nutrition and its potential dangers if errors occur in food processing, namely a form of educational video-based learning media, for people who live in Cigugur Girang, Parongpong, Indonesia. The method used is by using educational video dissemination media to 10 adolescent adults in Cigugur Girang with an age range of 17-28 years. Respondents consisted of 4 women and 6 men. The research was conducted through three stages; (1) pre-test before providing education to respondents; (2) education through video media; (3) post-test after providing education to respondents. The results of this study indicate an increase in respondents' knowledge after the implementation of their actions. The results of the study are based on the N-Gain value which is known to be the average value (%). Based on the test value of T (-4.205) < T table (2.023) which means the value of the questionnaire increased not significantly. Based on the completion of this research, it is hoped that more people be able to find out by knowing the level of food maturity and nutritional content

This study aims to determine how the influence of media songs and props on increasing interest in eating nutritious food for children. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through questionnaires filled out by 12 early childhood children consisting of four boys and eight girls. This research was conducted in 3 stages, namely (1) pre-test, (2) socialization through songs and props; (3) final test. The results showed there was a change in children's interest in eating nutritious foods, as well as a decrease in children's interest in eating foods that were categorized as less nutritious. This means, the media song and props are quite successfully used in early childhood. From each result of data analysis, it can be seen that the media song and props have a positive impact on increasing interest in eating nutritious food at an early age in Cigugurgirang, Parongpong, Indonesia. With this research, it is expected to increase children's interest in consuming nutritious food so their Nutritional Adequacy Rate (RDA) will be fulfilled.

The objective of this study is to develop a new environmentally-friendly brake pad made from eggshells (Es) and banana peels (BPs) as reinforcement agents. E and BP particles as dual reinforcement with various compositions were combined. The E/BP mixture was then embedded on a polymer matrix composing a resin/hardener mixture in a 1:1 ratio. As a standard, brake pads using a single reinforcement of E and BP particles were also fabricated. Physical properties (i.e. particle size, surface roughness, morphology, and density), as well as mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, wear rate, and friction coefficient properties) were investigated. It was observed that using dual reinforcements was preferable (compared to using single reinforcements) because they had a synergistic effect on the mechanical properties of the brake pad. The best mechanical properties were found in dual reinforcements of brake pad specimens using E/BP particles with a higher BP ratio in which the value of the stiffness test, puncture test, wear rate, and coefficient of friction were 4.5 MPa, 86.80, 0.093×10-4 g/s.mm2, and 1.67×10-4, respectively. A high BP particle ratio played a dominant role in dual reinforcements, increasing the resin's bonding ability and resulting in good adhesion between the reinforcement and matrix. When compared to commercial brake pads, the brake pad specimens fabricated in this study met the standards. The techno-economic analysis also confirmed the prospective production of brake pads from E and BP particles (compared to commercial brake pads). From this research, it is expected that environmentally friendly and low-cost brake pads can be used to replace the dangerous friction materials.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of starch, lipid, and protein components in flour on the mechanical properties of Indonesian Biji Ketapang (BK) cookies. Since the type of flour determines the amounts of nutrients, three types of flour (i.e., wheat, rice, and tapioca flour) were used as models. The results showed that the rheological properties of flour, which depend on starch, lipid, and protein components, influenced the spread ratio, making the components homogeneously distributed and controlling the dimensions and pores inside the cookies. Indeed, changes in the dimensions and pores affected the mechanical properties of the cookies (compressive strength and hardness parameters). Cookies made from rice, wheat, and tapioca flours have a pore size (?m)/shore scale of 42/52.57, 23/45.14, and 15/35.71, respectively. In general, the nutrients in the flour had a significant impact on the physical and mechanical properties of cookies. Starch is the main nutrient that influences the physical properties of cookies. Lipid and protein influence the amount of water absorbed, while water molecules can spread the material components in the cookies to make them more homogeneous, allowing cookies to swell with pores and influencing their mechanical properties. Flour with low-protein content led to the creation of cookies with better crispness and hardness. A proposed mechanism in the formation of pores in the cookies during the preparation of BK was presented. The analysis of nutrient components (i.e., starch, lipid, and protein) in the BK is also presented. The results are important in terms of the health benefits of these cookies related to the type of flour used, especially for producing “gluten-free foods.” Thus, the results could offer benefits for product management.

The purpose of this research is to examine the development and interrelationships between terms in computer science research using mapping analysis with VOSviewer. The research data was collected from the Google Scholar database for the period 2017-2021 using the Publish or Perish 7 application. Data collection was based on the keyword "Computer Science". The data search results found 992 articles that were considered relevant. The results showed that computer science research experienced high popularity in 2018 with a total of 232 articles. Computer science research experienced a decline in research in 2019-2021. Based on the mapping analysis that has been done using the VOSviewer application, computer science terms are connected to 4 main terms in each cluster, namely student, computer science education, education, and skills. Computer science research is mostly associated with the term student, namely the strength of link 221. This research can be used as a reference in determining the research theme or research discussion topic in the field of computer science.

UV-VIS spectrophotometry is one of the methods used to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic and inorganic compounds. However, until now there has been no further research that studies and describes the detailed analysis of UV-VIS spectral data in terms of determining the structure of chemical compounds. Therefore, this paper contains guidelines that are used as information on how to read and interpret data from the UV-VIS spectrum in terms of determining the structure of chemical compounds. Steps on how to analyze the UV-VIS spectrum are presented. This paper is expected to provide useful information for researchers and novice students who are studying UV-VIS spectrophotometry.

This study aims to demonstrate how to do paired sample t-test using SPSS software to analyze the effect of the application of anti-fire bamboo teaching materials on student learning outcomes. SPSS software is a very common statistical software in educational research that can be used to analyze the differences of a variable after being given treatment. One of the variables that can be analyzed is the difference in student learning outcomes. Teaching materials used in learning can cause differences in student learning outcomes. This research uses fire-resistant bamboo as multimedia-based teaching material to study the properties of the material and its changes. The results of the analysis using SPSS software showed that there are significant differences in student learning outcomes after using fire-resistant bamboo as multimedia-based teaching material. Student learning outcomes become improved and these teaching materials make it easier for students to understand the concepts being taught.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the teaching of clean and healthy living culture in daily life through online learning using digital media. This learning uses Zoom meetings, google forms and the Wordwall site and provides pretest and posttest before and after learning to 22 junior high school students in Dayun District. Learning begins by introducing a clean and healthy living culture and the use of digital media such as Zoom meetings, Google forms and the Wordwall site. Pretest and Posttest are given through Google Forms with 20 questions. The results of the pretest and posttest given, show on average that students can know well the culture of clean and healthy living in daily life by using digital media as much as 81.82 points, but in using digital media as a tool for learning for students less can be said. This is due to various obstacles faced by students including, students rarely interact with teachers via zoom and only give homework through Google Classroom and WhatsApp, there are network problems or signals that occur when online learning takes place and lack of knowledge of digital media used such as laptop or cell phone. In this case, the introduction to sites such as Wordwall is also very minimal, so it requires a lot of interaction in using the site. This research can provide new information about learning the culture of clean and healthy living through online learning using digital media and shows the obstacles in using it

This research aims to find out how elementary school students respond to teaching about the definitions and concepts of the Solar System using digital media. The researcher uses a quantitative method with a Pre-Experimental Design model to support this research because the data collected and the analysis are quantitative. The target of this research is students in elementary school, which is then taken as a sample of 20 students from sixth grade in Bandung Regency, Indonesia for research. The media used during the research were powerpoint and Infographics. The research was carried out offline and one class was divided into two groups, namely Group A and Group B. The results of this study indicate that the use of digital media in science learning material for the Solar System is declared effective, as can be seen from the results of the pre-test and post-test which show improvement, especially in the aspect of students' knowledge in understanding the material of the Solar System. The Pre-Test shows that almost all respondents do not know much about the solar system. However, when given learning materials using digital media such as powerpoint and Infographics, respondents, namely students, understood and understood the material as evidenced by the Post-Test results. Therefore, it can be concluded that in this study, the application of digital media to elementary school students can be implemented properly.

This study aims to educate the public regarding good and correct waste management, both in terms of definitions, interests and procedures for good and correct waste management using digital literacy methods in the community. Education was carried out to 21 community members in Cimahi City, Indonesia, using digital literacy methods in the form of providing information and learning through digital media to explain related subjects taken. The information provided to the public is made as attractive as possible using an attractive design. The education process is carried out online (providing information and discussions through WhatsApp groups) and offline (through direct socialization to the public). Community understanding was analyzed through pretest and posttest questions as many as 20 questions. The results showed that there was an increase in the results of the pretest submitted to the posttest at the end of the activity. Education is done successfully and the public can understand. This shows that educational activities are successful because the information conveyed is interesting and raises public interest in understanding information and applying it in everyday life. This research provides information that infographics and videos can be used as educational media. In addition, an attractive design can generate public interest in understanding the information conveyed. This shows that educational activities are successful because the information conveyed is interesting and raises public interest in understanding information and applying it in everyday life. This research provides information that infographics and videos can be used as educational media. In addition, an attractive design can generate public interest in understanding the information conveyed. This shows that educational activities are successful because the information conveyed is interesting and raises public interest in understanding information and applying it in everyday life. This research provides information that infographics and videos can be used as educational media. In addition, an attractive design can generate public interest in understanding the information conveyed

This study aims to educate the public on how to maintain good and correct physical fitness, starting from the basic understanding, to how important it is, to how to implement it in everyday life where using digital methods in society. Education was carried out to the community members in RT 04, RW 02, Cibabat output, using the digital literacy method, namely providing information and learning through digital media to explain to the subject. The information given to the community subjects is made as concise as possible and interesting so that it is easily understood by the community. The education process is carried out online by using whatsapp and zoom meetings, while offline by conducting direct socialization to the community. The understanding of the community was analyzed through pretest and posttest questions, totaling 20 questions. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in the score from pretest to posttest. The education provided is able to make the public understand the subject of the given theme. This shows that educational activities are successful because the information conveyed to the public can generate public interest in understanding the information that has been provided. This research can provide information that digital media can be used both as a tool for education and can increase public interest in adding new knowledge

The Covid-19 pandemic causes learning activities to be carried out online, causing teachers to be able to utilize technology-based learning media. This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference between the ability to work on kindergarten students' numeracy questions before and after being given learning through YouTube media. The method that will be used is descriptive quantitative to 19 kindergarten students. The results show that the data processing of the Wilcoxon test results is 0.449>α=0.05. From these results, we can conclude that the YouTube learning media has no significant effect on the ability to recognize numbers and do arithmetic problems. This is because (i) the research time is short, (ii) the instructional video is only given once, (iii) some parents do not provide learning videos to students, and (iv) there are still many students who have difficulty writing numbers correctly. But of course, the experience of students learning to use YouTube can still be useful to help students continue their education to the next level.

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a project for the manufacture of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using the sol-gel method by evaluating both technically and economically. Evaluation from the technical side is determined by stoichiometric calculations and evaluation of the initial factory design, while the evaluation from the economic side is determined by several parameters to determine the benefits of the project to be established (Gross Profit Margin, Internal Rate Return, Break-Even Point, Payback Period, and Cumulative Net Present Values). Some of these economic evaluation parameters were analyzed to inform the production potential of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, such as determining the level of profitability of a project (Gross Profit Margin), predicting the length of time required for an investment to return the initial capital expenditure (Payback Period), predicting the condition of a production project in the form of a production function in years (Cumulative Net Present Value), etc. The results of the technical analysis show that this project can produce 1,425 kg of magnesium oxide nanoparticles per day and the total cost of the equipment purchased is 45,243 USD. Payback Period analysis shows that the investment willbe profitable after more than three years. To ensure project feasibility, the project is estimated from ideal to worst-case conditions in production, including salary, sales, raw materials, utilities, as well as external conditions such as taxes

The purpose of this paper is to carry out an economic and industrial evaluation on an industrial scale of NiFe2O4 production using sonochemical synthesis methods. The method used is to calculate gross profit margin (GPM), payback period (PBP), cumulative net present value (CNPV), total investment cost (TIC) and profitability index (PI). NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized with the main raw materials being Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, and NaOH (1:2:8). The calculation results of GPM and CNPV/TIC from the NiFe2O4 industry using the sonochemical synthesis method show the payback period (PBP) in the third year. So that in the third year onwards it can be predicted that the industry will experience profits. This research is expected to be a reference for technical and economic analysis to produce NiFe2O4 in humidity sensor applications on an industrial scale.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been rigorously studied during the past decade due to their extraordinary physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical and optical properties. The purpose of this research is to conduct bibliometric analysis in carbon nanotubes synthesis by combining mapping analysis using VOSviewer software. Application reference manager used to obtain research data, namely Mendeley. The data obtained is the result of a search based on the keyword " Synthesis Method of Carbon Nanotubes ". From the search results, 247 relevant published articles were found in the range of 2018-2022. The results showed that the number of articles researching carbon nanotubes synthesis has been increasing since 2018 until 2021. However, there have been 8 articles that published in the early of 2022, this number could be increased by the time. Research that is being popularly studied by researchers until today is about review due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation that forced the researchers to decrease experiment activity and physical interations. This research is expected to help and become a reference for researchers in conducting and determining the research themes to be taken.

Heat exchanger plays an important role in industry. In industrial applications, the type of heat exchanger that is often found is the shell and tube type heat exchanger. The aim of this paper is to of tube and shell type heat exchanger for nanofibril cellulose production applications. The method used is to design several assumptions and calculate parameters related to determining the performance of the heat exchanger. The parameters are calculated manually using the Microsoft Excel application. In this design, the TEMA standard is used as a reference. The result of this paper is the heat exchanger has 53 pcs of tubes with the effectiveness up to 89.21%. This indicates that the overall performance of the heat exchanger in cellulose nanofibril production applications can be further improved by selecting the right fluid, fluid flow rate, and other physical properties, as well as the number of tubes that will be required

Heat exchangers are often found in the chemical process industry, but of all types of heat exchangers, the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) is the most commonly used. The design of heat exchangers has also been done a lot because it can reduce production costs. Therefore, this study purpose to design a tube and shell type heat exchanger for applications in producing nano zeolite. The TEMA standard is used as a reference for data collection regarding equipment specifications and dimensions. The parameters are calculated using basic Microsoft Office applications. Shell and Tube type heat exchanger (one pass) with 43 pcs of tubes has been successfully designed. The effectiveness of the heat exchanger reaches 80.02% so it is hoped that this research can be used as a reference in designing a heat exchanger with a better design.

Nanocrystalline cellulose is a type of renewable nano material that has many beneficial properties and has applications in various fields, one of which is packaging. This study aims to present an analytical map of studies in the manufacture of nanocrystalline cellulose using VOSviewer software. Based on the keywords “synthesis nanocrystalline cellulose” and “packaging application”, there were 500 related articles published in the 2017-2021 range. The results of the analysis show that the number of research articles on nanocrytalline cellulose synthesis has increased significantly every year. This is due to the need for new environmentally friendly and biodegradable materials for packaging. This research is expected to be a reference for researchers in determining the research topic to be carried out

World Health Organization (WHO) has designated Covid-19 as a global pandemic because it has the opportunity to infect populations around the world. Therefore, in an effort to break the chain of spread of Covid-19, the Minister of Education and Culture issued a regulation on Learning during the pandemic, namely the learning process carried out remotely from home through online learning. This makes the use of social media or video conferencing an urgent matter to replace the learning system which is usually face-to-face method. In this study, we conducted research on understanding the urgency of the use of online learning media at vocational school. Experiments were done using online during student study services (namely Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN)). The effectiveness and understanding of students are the main focus in this research to create online learning that is effective, innovative, and creative.

Crispness is the most appealing characteristic of dry food products. However, the term crispness has different subjective meaning among consumers. This study aims to quantitatively measure the crispness of potato crisp by performing compression test on a single specimen, and analyzing the compressive behavior, i.e., compressive strain energy. The crispness of the specimens were differentiated by changing the moisture exposure durations, which are 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 hours, in a room and ambient condition. The measured load and displacement data were transformed into stress and strain curves. The strain energy for every 1% strain increment was calculated and investigated to determine the crispness. The crispness difference among specimens of 0, 3, and 6 hours groups was significantly perceived at 8% of strain. It was revealed that the 3 and 6 hours of room air exposure could decrease the crispness by 17% and 45%, respectively. This suggests the compressive strain energy at a certain strain can be an indicator of crispness. This experimental study is expected to evolve food engineering by proposing a simple yet precise crispness measurement method for dry food.

This study aims to demonstrate computation in the techno-economic analysis of the production of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) using the precipitation method on an industrial scale. This evaluation is based on the perspective of technical and economic evaluation. Several economic evaluation parameters were analyzed to obtain potential information from the manufacture of Al2O3 nanoparticles based on gross profit margin, payback period, and cumulative net present value. The results of this study identified that the manufacture of Al2O3 nanoparticles using the precipitation method could be done industrially. Based on the engineering perspective, Al2O3 nanoparticles can be produced as much as 6.9 tons and earn an annual profit of 144,635.69 USD with a period of 20 years. To ensure that this project can be carried out, an economic evaluation is made based on estimates of ideal and non-ideal conditions, including tax increases, sales changes, raw material prices, utility prices, and labor’s salary. This study is expected to provide information for the manufacture of Al2O3 nanoparticles using the precipitation method on an industrial scale.

Some agricultural wastes are not suitable for direct disposal to standard sewage treatment plants and pre-treatment is required to avoid clogging by colloidal materials. One of the pre-treatment stages is coagulation and flocculation. In several studies, the mixture of polymer and clay fulfills the properties of coagulant and flocculant materials. A mixture of poly-DADMAC polymer and sepiolite clay can be used as a coagoflocculant at the same time. This study aims to analyze whether a project to manufacture clay polymer nanocomposites is feasible or not. By taking into account various perspectives including engineering and economic perspectives, this project is considered prospective to be carried out. This is indicated by the increase in the Profitability Index (PI) value of 5.33658 in the third year from -0.00975 which was the PI value the previous year. In twenty-four hours, the project can produce approximately 8.25 tonnes of adsorbent. The total profit earned in one year reaches 719,738.04 USD when run under ideal conditions. Apart from the results of the economic analysis mentioned, this project is also very effective in terms of time because it is simple and the raw materials needed are abundant.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a resin composition on the performance of brake pads with durian seeds (BDs) as the base material. Experiments were done by attaching saw-milled BD particles to a polymer matrix. Various resin compositions were used for preparing the brake pad, which was then tested (press test, puncture test, and friction test). Physical properties (i.e., particle size, surface roughness, morphology, and density), as well as mechanical properties (ie: hardness, wear rate, and friction coefficient properties), were investigated. Based on observations, the best mechanical properties were found in the highest resin mixture, reaching a compressive strength value of 2.4 MPa. The impact of the homogeneity of the brake pad filler particles is the main reason. The high resin composition causes more cross-links to be formed. This research demonstrates the prospective environmentally friendly and inexpensive brake pads used to replace current products that use hazardous materials.

Effects of electrolyte solution (i.e., KOH, NaOH, NaCl, and HCl) with various concentrations (from 0 to 0.71 M) on corrosion and mechanical properties of the copper alloys were investigated. Experimental results showed that the increases in the concentration of electrolytes allowed faster corrosion process. However, too high concentration of electrolytes has no further impacts on the corrosion profile due to the existence of the passivity phenomena on the surface of the material, preventing the material to get more corroded. Acidic (HCl) and salt (NaCl) electrolytes gave more impacts on the corrosion compared to the alkaline solution (i.e., NaOH and KOH) since the acidic and salt ions are able to destroy the formed passivation layer. The correlation of the corrosion rate and the mechanical properties was also presented, in which the increases in the corrosion rate were in line with the decreases in the mechanical properties (i.e., tensile and yield strength). During the corrosion, the atomic structure in the material received attacks from the electrolyte ions, making the structure inside the copper alloys to be less strong and easily fatigued. Understanding the corrosion process and mechanical properties is important for further applications of copper-related alloys in extreme and severe conditions.

The Covid-19 disease is not an epidemic that can be ignored, the development of the transmission of this virus is quite significant because its spread is global and all countries are feeling the impact, including Indonesia. The impact of Covid-19 has a very strong impact on education, therefore in the education sector, the government through the Ministry of Education and Culture has implemented a learning from home policy. Online learning is a solution to the implementation of online learning, but we already know that online learning is not as easy as learning as usual or offline learning. In this article, we will discuss online learning using Zoom Meeting. The research method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and conducting observations and interviews. The obstacles faced are electronic media and internet quotas for online learning. Not all students are equal in terms of economics, which is the only problem.

The current Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on all fields including education. One of them is basic education, which requires teachers for online learning. The research objective is to fulfill the thematic student study service task regarding the Prevention and Management of the Impact of Covid-19 in the field of education. At this time, all learning in Indonesia is being pursued online so that there is minimal interaction. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of online learning that takes place precisely for students at Elementary School 1 Telukagung Indramayu, Indonesia. The sample of this study was 11 students of sixth grade who were selected using simple random sampling technique by considering the homogeneity of the population. The data collection instrument used a pretest - posttest which was made in the Quiziz application with the aim of making students more interested in its various features. Data analysis used descriptive statistics with computerized assistance. The results of this study indicate that online-based learning at Elementary School 1 Telukagung Indramayu, Indonesia tends to be effective and runs smoothly.

This paper reports the development of ZnO NRs/rGO-based photocatalysts integrated into a tree-branched polymer-based microfluidic reactor for efficient photodegradation of water contaminants. The reactor system includes a photocatalytic reactor, tree-branched microfluidic channels, and ZnO nanorods (NRs) coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on a glass substrate within an area of 0.6 × 0.6 cm2. The ZnO NRs/rGO acts as a photocatalyst layer grown hydrothermally and then spray-coated with rGO. The microfluidic system is made of PDMS and fabricated using soft lithography (micro molding using SU-8 master mold patterned on a silicon wafer). The device geometry is designed using AutoCAD software and the flow properties of the microfluidics are simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics. The microfluidic platform’s photocatalytic process aims to bring the nanostructured photocatalyst into very close proximity to the water flow channel, reducing the interaction time and providing effective purification performance. Our functionality test showed that a degradation efficiency of 23.12 %, within the effective residence time of less than 3 s was obtained.

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of a project for the production of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using precipitation methods on a large scale. The feasibility analysis of this project was determined using an evaluation from an economic and engineering perspective. Evaluation from an engineering perspective is determined by the evaluation of the initial factory design and stoichiometric calculations. Meanwhile, the evaluation from an economic perspective is determined by several parameters, such as Payback Period, Gross Profit Margin, Cumulative Net Present Value, etc. The analysis results show that the production of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using the precipitation method can be carried out on an industrial scale. In this project, 11,250 kg of magnesium oxide nanoparticles were obtained per day, and the total profit earned was 1,881,184,752.91 USD in 10 years. Payback Period analysis shows that the investment will be profitable after more than three years. To ensure project feasibility, projects are estimated from ideal to worst-case conditions in production, including salary, sales, raw materials, utilities, and external conditions such as taxes.

LaNi5 is widely used in various applications. Many methods to produce LaNi5 particles have been reported but information for the large-scale production, so far, is less available. This study aimed to evaluate the project for the production of LaNi5 particles using combustion-reduction (CR) and co-precipitation-reduction (CPR) methods based on engineering and economic perspective. Engineering evaluation was conducted by evaluating the CR and CPR processes from stoichiometry. For the economic evaluation, several economic parameters were calculated in the ideal condition including gross profit margin (GPM), payback period (PBP), break-even point (BEP), cumulative net present value (CNPV), profitability index (PI), internal rate return (IRR), and return on investment (ROI). For the worst cases in the project, it was done by calculating both the internal problems (i.e., raw materials, sales, utility, labor, employee, fixed cost, variable cost, and production capacity) and the external issues (i.e., taxes and subsidiaries). The engineering analysis provided the information that CR and CPR projects are prospective for being able to be done using commercial apparatuses. The economic analysis from GPM, PBP, BEP, CNPV, and PI showed the positive results, while IRR and ROI showed the negative ones, indicating that the projects are acceptable for large-scale production, but it seems to be less attractive for industrial investors. The analysis also confirmed that the CR process was more prospective than the CPR process. This work has demonstrated the important of the projects for further developments.

This study aims to demonstrate the preparation of carbon microparticles obtained from red dragon fruit peel waste and their adsorption isotherm characteristics. The carbon microparticles were prepared by combining carbonization (at 250°C) and saw-milling process, and to get carbon microparticles with a specific size, sieve analysis was used. The adsorption isotherm was done by testing the adsorption ability of carbon microparticles with a specific size into curcumin solution in the batch-type reactor. The adsorption results were then compared to several standard isotherm models (i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models) for understanding what phenomena happen during the adsorption process. The adsorption analysis was also confirmed by testing several sizes of the carbon microparticles to predict the proposal mechanism in the adsorption process. The analysis results showed that the multilayer adsorption process occurs for all sizes in the micrometer range, and the process involves physical interactions between adsorbate and surface of adsorbent. The existence of multilayers is due to the possibility in the existence of porous structure in the carbon microparticles. This study is important for giving an alternative solution for reusable organic waste as well as supporting the fundamental researches in the further applications of carbon particles as catalyst and adsorbent.