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Background: Full antenatal care utilization is a key intervention that creates the opportunity to provide all the necessary health services during pregnancy that aims to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. However, there is still a gap in utilizing this service between rural and urban women. So, this study aimed to identify the sources of variations in full antenatal care utilization between the rural and urban areas of Ethiopia. Methods: The study used the data on a nationwide representative sample of the Mini- Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of Ethiopia. The data were collected from March 21, 2019, to June 28, 2019, in all regions of Ethiopia. Two stage cluster sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. This study included about 3,927 (weighted samples) of women aged from 15 to 49 years. A multivariate decomposition analysis technique was performed to observe the rural-urban disparities in full antenatal care utilization explained by residence difference in components of endowments and coefficients. Results: The prevalence of full antenatal care utilization was 43.25% (95% CI: 41.7%, 44.8%). The difference in the prevalence of full antenatal care utilization between rural and urban women was (rural prevalence was 27.73%, while in urban areas it was 15.52%). These results showed a statistically significant full antenatal care utilization gap in rural urban resident women (-0.21807, 95% CI:(-0.27397, -0.16217)). The majority of the gap was explained by the covariate distribution, which accounted for 76.84%, and the rest, 23.16%, was due to the effect of covariate differences. Educational status, wealth status, religion, region, birth order, and parity differences between urban and rural women explain most of the full antenatal care utilization disparities. Conclusion and recommendations: There is a significant full antenatal care utilization disparity between rural and urban women in Ethiopia. This variation in the rural-urban full antenatal care utilization was explained by differences in characteristics (endowment). So to decrease this gap, emphasis should be given to resource distribution targeting rural households, improvement of maternal education and creating a platform to access information about the service and its relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lack of sunlight exposure is the primary reason for the worldwide epidemic of vitamin D deficiency. There was a meta-analysis conducted under the title of Knowledge and Practice of Mothers towards sunshine exposure of their children in Ethiopia. However, studies conducted on factors associated with sunlight exposure practice among infants showed non-conclusive and inconsistent findings. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of good sunlight exposure practice and its associated factors among infants in Ethiopia. Methods: All articles were systematically searched by PubMed, Hinari, Global Health and CINAHL, Epistemonikos, African Journal of Online (AJOL), Google Scholar and Google. All studies, until the end of May 30, 2023, were included in this review. Pure qualitative studies and studies in which the outcome was not reported were excluded from the review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was used. Meta-analysis was conducted by using STATA 17 software. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence of good sunlight exposure practices. A random effect model was used to compute the pooled prevalence, while subgroup analysis was performed to identify the possible source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by begg's and Egger's tests. We use Trim and fill analysis was used to treat the publication bias. Results: This review involved 14 studies and 6,121 participants. The pooled prevalence of good sunlight exposure practice among infants in Ethiopia was 53.46% (95%CI: 45.98, 60.95). Mothers had PNC follow-up [OR = 2.22 (95% CI: 1.31, 3.47)], mothers with secondary and above educational status [OR = 4.17, (95% CI: 1.73, 10.06)], employed mothers [OR = 3.72, (95% CI: 2.71, 5.11)], urban residence [OR = 2.67, (95% CI: 1.17, 6.08)] and not fear of sunlight exposure [OR = 4.08, (95% CI: 1.44, 16.00)] were positively associated with good sunlight exposure practice. Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of good sunlight exposure practices among infants in Ethiopia is low. Had postnatal care follow-up, being urban residents, mother's employment status, mother's educational status and not fear of sunlight exposure were independent factors of good sunlight exposure practice among infants. Therefore, health professionals create awareness for mothers to increase postnatal follow-up, and the importance of health education especially for rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Achieving viral load suppression is crucial for the prevention of complications and deaths related to HIV infection. Ethiopia has embraced the worldwide 95-95-95 target, but there is no national representative information regarding virological suppression. Therefore, this review aims to determine the pooled virological suppression rate and identify the pooled effect of contributing factors of viral suppression for HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. Methods We systematically searched websites and databases, including online repositories, to obtain primary studies. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the included articles using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale appraisal checklist. Publication bias was checked using Egger's regression test, the heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using I 2 statistics and Q statistics, and a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify any outlier results in the included studies. The Der Simonian Laird random-effects model was used to estimate the overall proportion of viral suppression, and STATA 17 statistical software was used for all types of analysis. Results A total of 21 eligible articles primarily conducted in Ethiopia using HIV program data were used for this quantitative synthesis. The overall pooled virological suppression rate was 71% (95% CI, 64%–77%). The pooled effects of poor adherence to ART (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.28–0.40), body mass index (18.5–24.9 kg/m2; AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.37–2.36), disclosure (AOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.05–1.89), absence of opportunistic infection (AOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.43–1.97), and high baseline viral load count (AOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52–0.81) were identified as significant predictors of viral suppression. Conclusions The overall pooled percentage of virological suppression was low compared with the global target of viral suppression and the Ethiopian Public Health Institute report. Poor adherence, normal body mass index, disclosure, absence of opportunistic infection, and high baseline viral load count were factors contributing to viral suppression in Ethiopia. Responsible stakeholders should maximize their efforts to achieve the global target of virological suppression by addressing significant predictors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though a few studies have been conducted, the result is inconsistent between studies. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a widely used framework for predicting and understanding health behaviors. In the study area, the theory of planned behavior ability to predict breast self-examination among women was not done before. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict breast self-examination among women. This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted from 2008 to 2018 globally. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Hinari, and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched. The analysis was performed using STATA 17 software. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using forest plots, I2, Cochran's Q statistics, Funnel plots, and the Egger test respectively. Pooled analysis was conducted using the random-effects model of the DerSimonian–Laird method. A total of 5 articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall Pooled Proportion of variance of the Theory of Planned Behavior ability to predict breast self-examination among women was explained at 38% (95%CI: 26.9, 49.1) The overall Pooled Proportion of variance explained by the Theory of Planned Behavior ability to predict breast self-examination among women was low as compared to the original assumption of variance explained. While the Theory of Planned Behavior provides a useful framework for understanding health behaviors, it may not fully capture all the complex factors contributing to breast self-examination. Additionally, future studies should consider using alternative measures of variance explained to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the predictive power of the theory of planned behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]