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Purpose: To describe the nursing interventions provided to patients with COVID‐19 using the Nursing Interventions Classification. Method: This is a retrospective study involving the review of 1,344 patient records of adults admitted to a specialty hospital for COVID‐19 in Tabriz, Iran. The nursing intervention was used to classify documented nursing care and interventions provided to COVID‐19–positive patients from February 20 to August 20, 2020. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS16. Findings: The 10 most frequently documented nursing interventions across in‐patient (ward) and intensive care unit (ICU) contexts included Admission Care (7310), Environmental Management (6486), Health Education (5510), Infection Protection (6550), Medication Administration (2300), Positioning (0840), Respiratory Monitoring (3350), Vital Signs Monitoring (6680), Nausea Management (1450), and Diarrhea Management (0460). No records of distraction, relaxation techniques, or massage for anxiety reduction were documented. Conclusion: This study used a common language to describe nursing interventions for patients with COVID‐19 admitted to a tertiary hospital. Implications for nursing practice: The most commonly identified nursing interventions for COVID‐19 identified in this study provide evidence‐based insight into nurses' scope of practice in the COVID‐19 in‐patient context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 4-ferrcenylbutyl carboxylate esters with different alkyl chain length (C2-C4) of carboxylic acids were synthesized using Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3-Im-bisEthylFc[I] nanoparticles as catalyst and have been characterized with FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Ferrocenyl-based esters were used as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in the 1M HCl solution as corrosive media. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the synthesized ferrocenyl-based esters has been assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 4-ferrocenylbutyl propionate showed a more effective corrosion inhibition behavior among the studied esters with 96% efficiency after immersion in the corrosive media for 2 weeks. The corrosion inhibition mechanism is dominated by formation of passive layer of inhibitor on the surface of the mild steel by adsorption. Moreover, the adsorption characteristics of 4-butylferrcenyl carboxylate esters on mild steel were thoroughly explored using density functional theory calculations. It was found that the Fe atoms located around the C impurity in the mild steel are the most efficient and active sites to adsorb 4-butylferrcenyl carboxylate esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop and test the psychometric properties of an instrument assessing career success in nurses. Background: Despite the importance of achieving success in nursing, to date, this construct has been measured using unidimensional or generic scales not fully reflecting career success as perceived by nurses. Methods: This scale development study used a large sample of nurses across 10 hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. Items were generated based on existing literature and previous, research team‐led, qualitative study, followed by testing content and face validity of the items. Exploratory factor analysis (N = 530 nurses) then assessed the underlying structure of the scale, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and a 2‐week test–retest correlation. Findings: From the initial 73 items, fourteen rated by experts as 'not relevant' and seven with poor face validity were deleted. Exploratory factor analysis further identified 13 poor items. The final 39‐item solution extracted four robust career success factors: expected career progress, providing quality care, effective self‐regulation, and person‐organization fit. Cronbach's alpha and test–retest correlation showed excellent reliability. Conclusion: This multidimensional nursing‐specific scale with very good psychometric properties is suitable for individual/group‐based decisions. Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: This instrument can assess current perceptions of career success in nurses, so work resources can be allocated to improve policies, services and training programmes to meet career aspirations of nurses and objectives of the organization. Having a robust scale of career success will enable future research in the field of career success as specific to nursing in a clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The synthesized ILs were used as novel green electrolytes for supercapacitors. • Among the ILs, the smallest anion, formate, exhibited the highest performance. • The highest value of energy density of 70 Wh kg−1 was related to the farmate anion. Supercapacitors are promising technologies for extremely effective energy storage and power management, which is a critical and major area of worldwide technological advancement. Ionic liquids (ILs) are an environmentally benign promising emerging class of versatile solvent systems. In this paper, for the first time, a new approach to the application of monoethanolamine-based ILs with anions formate, acetate, and propionate ([HEA]F, [HEA]A, and [HEA]P) as eco-friendly, affordable, and easy synthesis electrolytes are proposed for activated carbon (AC)-based supercapacitors. The ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stable potential window (ESPW) of ionic liquids were assessed. The electrochemical performance of synthesized ILs as an electrolyte in AC-based supercapacitors was compared. Electrochemical properties were performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) methods to evaluate the electrolytic performance of ionic liquids in supercapacitors. The charge transfer resistance (R ct) and solution resistance (R s) decreased with decreasing anion size of ILs. At a scan rate of 10 mVs−1, the prepared supercapacitors using [HEA]F, [HEA]A, and [HEA]P ionic liquids deliver specific capacitance of 114, 95, and 73 F g−1, respectively. The maximum power density 2941 W kg−1 and maximum energy density 70 Wh kg−1 were obtained for the prepared supercapacitor using [HEA]F ionic liquid. The supercapacitors prepared with [HEA]F, [HEA]A and [HEA]P electrolytes show capacitance retention of 96%, 91% and 87% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective Ni–Cu bimetallic nanocomposite was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode, GCE, that modified with carbon quantum dots, CQDs. The deposition process was done by one-step and controllable electrochemical method in an electrolyte of nickel and copper sulfate. The structural properties of composite studied by techniques such as X-ray diffraction, XRD, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, EDX, field emission scanning electron microscopy, FESEM, and transmission electron microscopy, TEM. Ni–Cu/RCQDs nanocomposite was applied as a cathode for catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction, HER, in acidic media by cyclic voltammetry, CV, linear sweep voltammetry, LSV, chronoamperometry, CA, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS. The onset potential, E onset , for the evolution of hydrogen at the current density of −10 mA cm−2 for Ni–Cu/RCQDs was −230 mV vs. SHE that had a 100 mV shift to positive voltages in comparison with Ni–Cu catalyst. It can be related to the synergistic effect between metallic nanoparticles. V. dec−1, respectively. Image 1 • CQDs were synthesized by facile and one-step electrochemical method. • One-step electrochemical method was employed for deposition of CQDs. • A green, low-cost and electrochemically-synthesized electrocatalyst was introduced. • Enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction was evaluated. • The Ni-Cu/RCQD nanocomposite, offers promising option as cathodic electrode for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CQDs were synthesized by facile and affordable electrochemical method • One step electrochemical method was employed to synthesis and deposition of electrodes. • CQDs caused to enhanced active surface area for deposition of metal nanoparticles. • The Pd-NPs/RCQD nanocomposite, offers promising option for wide catalytic applications such as high stability, low activation energy, high current density and good electric conductivity for MOR and HER. Glassy carbon electrode, GCE, is decorated with an electrochemically-deposited layer of reduced carbon quantum dots, RCQDs. The Pd nanoparticles are then electrodeposited on RCQDs and the Pd-NPs/RCQDs/GCE is fabricated. The fabricated electrodes are characterized by some characterization techniques. The electrocatalytic performance of the electrodes for methanol oxidation reaction, MOR, and hydrogen evolution reaction, HER, are investigated using different electrochemical measurement techniques in alkaline and acidic media, respectivly. Cyclic voltammetry, CV, Linear sweep voltammetry, LSV, Chronoamperometry, CA, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, measurements are used to evaluate the bifunctional catalytic behavior of the Pd-NPs/RCQDs/GCE. All results are compared with Pd-NPs/GCE and the effect of decorating the GCE substrate with RCQDs is discussed. The results indicate that modification of GCE with a layer of RCQDs increases the active surface area from 0.12 for Pd-NPs/GCE to 0.22 cm2 for Pd-NPs/RCQDs/GCE. Also E onset and EIS parameters are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum-free electrocatalysts have been considered recently due to their low costs and high resistances against poisoning with reaction intermediates. In this work different electrocatalysts based on a matrix of polypyrrole, PPy, were examined for catalysis of methanol oxidation reaction, MOR. The copper substrates were covered by a PPy layer and NiOx nanoparticles were deposited electrochemically on it. The Cu/PPy/NiOx electrodes indicated catalytic performance for MOR. However, it was shown that the modification of the morphology of PPy, influenced its catalytic behavior. The self-assembly of pyrrole monomers on copper, prior to polymerization, led to the formation of tiny PPy nanoparticles between the common cauliflowers shaped PPy masses. The overoxidation was then carried out electrochemically and the PPy matrix encountered changes in morphology with micro/nano cracks. These changes in PPy morphology facilitated the diffusion of methanol electroactive species, which was verified by the cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. The enhancement of active surface area and reduction of diffusion resistance for modified electrodes caused significant increment of their electrocatalytic performance. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction patterns were used for the characterization of the surface layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many articles have studied workplace incivility and its influence on outcomes, but very few have been conducted to assess how to prevent this issue. In this study, we aimed to determine how to prevent workplace incivility from the nurses' perspective. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study which was based on a conventional content analysis approach. Thirty four nurses (25 to 52 years old) from seven training hospitals in Tabriz, Iran were selected through purposive sampling. Thirty six semi-structured interviews and eight field notes were analyzed. Results: The data analysis revealed 417 codes, ten categories, three subthemes and one theme, that is, A Need for a Comprehensive Attempt. Attempt of organization, nurses, and public as subthemes are needed to prevent workplace incivility. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicated that a comprehensive and systematic attempt was needed to prevent incivility. Nurses should try to improve their skills; officials should try to show the real image and position of nurses and hospitals to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of nanodimensional conductive polymers is one of the major challenges of scientists. They show enhanced performance compared to the bulk structures, because of their higher surface area to volume ratio. However, most of synthesis strategies are chemical, template-assisted techniques with difficult controlling factors. The electrochemical routes have been considered in recent years, since they are more simple and controllable than chemical methods. The present work, reports a simple electrochemical method for synthesis of 3D nanostructured polypyrrole films. The idea was that pretreatment of electrode with pyrrole monomers may lead to their adsorption on metal surface. Then, a very thin polymer film is formed by applying a constant current in a monomer-free solution to the pretreated electrodes; the morphology of this film was expected to be different from the morphology of commonly electrosynthesized bulk polymer films. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that the nanodimensional slates of polypyrrole have been formed during this procedure. Atomic force microscopy images verified the formation of nanostructured polymer film. The effect of monomer concentration, immersion time and substrate properties on the morphology of the nanostructures was evaluated. Cyclic voltammetry tests were performed and the results showed significant enhancement in surface area of the polypyrrole films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through a galvanostatic pathway on polypyrrole, PPy, coated nanoporous copper. The morphology and surface analysis of the assemblies were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FESEM, and energy dispersive X-ray, EDX, analysis, respectively. The electrocatalytic behavior of electrodes was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry tests in methanol solution. FESEM results showed that uniformly distributed nanoparticles with diameters of about 20–30 nm have been dispersed on PPy matrix. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry tests in methanol solution showed a significant enhancement in the catalytic action of PPy after decoration of tin oxide nanoparticles. Porous Cu/PPy/SnO x electrodes showed enhanced anodic peak current density for methanol oxidation compared to smooth Cu/PPy/SnO x and porous Cu/PPy. The effects of synthesis current density and time on the electrocatalytic behavior of the electrodes were evaluated. The significant enhancement of electrocatalytic behavior of the Cu/PPy electrode after decoration of SnO x overlayer was attributed to the effect of tin oxide on the adsorption of intermediates of methanol oxidation as well as oxidation of bi-products such as CO; huge tendency of tin oxides for dehydrogenation of the alcohols and the increase in microscopic surface area of the electrodes were introduced as other affecting factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Motivation is important as one of the major factors for incidence of behaviour in all behaviours such as learning, performance, perception, accuracy, recall, forgetting, thinking, creativity and emotions. The interaction of trainers and nursing students plays a significant role in clinical education and achieving educational objectives. Aim: Considering the wide role of nursing trainers in students leaning clinical experience and their motivation, and based on qualitative studies done so far, the present research was performed to investigate the relationship between educational behaviours of clinical trainers and motivation toward science learning among nursing students. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 200 nursing students, third-eighth semester, at a nursing faculty from 1 January to 30 July 2019 at Zanjan university of medical sciences, Iran. The students were included though census. Confidence interval of 95% and a significance level of Pvalue less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results and Conclusion: The mean age of the students was 22 years. This study showed that the level of educational behaviours of clinical trainers had a direct correlation with the score of learning motivation subscale of students. It also had a direct significant correlation with the total score motivation toward science learning (p=0.01). The behaviours of clinical trainers and understanding of nursing students about the characteristics of trainers are important in creating motivation, facilitating learning, and improving nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic corrosion inhibitors are widely used to control the corrosion of different metals in various corrosive solutions. The inhibition performance of Basic yellow 28 (BY28) dye for mild steel corrosion was investigated in 0.1 M HCl solution and in a solution of 0.1 M HCl and 1% NaCl. Two electrochemical methods including Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were used. The corrosion parameters as well as inhibition efficiencies were obtained for different concentrations of inhibitor. The inhibition efficiencies showed that the BY28 dye acts as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in both solutions. The studies on adsorption isotherm of the dye on mild steel proved that the adsorption of BY28 obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The average value of -ΔGads in both solutions was more than 20 and a little less than 40 kJ mol-1. Therefore, both chemisorption and physisorption phenomena were involved in the adsorption of the studied dye on mild steel surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

101 (December) (2016) 130-141]. Corrigendum to "A facile electrochemical strategy for synthesis of 3D nanodimensional polypyrrole structures using self-assembled layers of pyrrole monomers" [Prog. Coat. [Extracted from the article]

The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), as the ideal fuel cell system which produces the electric power by the direct conversion of the methanol fuel at the fuel cell anode. The main advantage of this kind of fuel cell is the ease of fuel transportation, an energy-dense yet reasonably stable liquid at all environmental conditions. The DMFC relies upon the oxidation of methanol on a catalyst layer to form carbon dioxide. Up to now, different particles ad nanoparticles have been used as an anodic catalysts in various researches. In this work, bimetallic nanoparticles of Ni Cu dispersed on reduced carbon quantum dots (RCQDs) were prepared using the facile electrochemical procedure. The electrochemical oxidation of methanol on a Ni–Cu/RCQDs/GCE electrode was studied in 0.50 M KOH using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The beginning potential for electro-oxidation of methanol was observed at lower voltages for Ni-Cu/RCQD/GCE related to Ni-Cu/GCE and Ni-NPs/GCE. Also, the peak current density for the oxidation of methanol for Ni-Cu/RCQD/GCE showed a high amount of 90.41 mA.cm-2, which is threefold of Ni-Cu/GCE catalyst. EIS studies were applied to study the charge transfer rate. The charge transfer resistance for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol for Ni-Cu/RCQD/GCE was obtained 25 Ω while this amount for Ni-Cu/GCE was ca. 313 Ω. [Display omitted] • CQDs were synthesized by facile and one-step electrochemical method. • One-step electrochemical method was employed for deposition of CQDs. • A green, low-cost and electrochemically- synthesized electrocatalyst was introduced. • Enhancement of methanol oxidation reaction was evaluated. • The Ni-Cu/RCQD nanocomposite as a novel non‑platinum bimetallic catalyst, offers promising option as anodic electrode for MOR [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors (SCs) have garnered extensive attention for their notable advantages, including extended cycle life, high energy density, and cost-effectiveness. Due to their large energy storage capacity and high output power, the development of pseudocapacitive materials for energy-oriented applications has been of great importance. The integration of nanoscale active materials in batteries results in faster redox kinetics. Consequently, alters the material's electrochemical characteristics from battery-like to pseudocapacitive-like behavior driven by enhanced surface area and reduced diffusion routes. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of pure hydroxyapatite and Co2+-doped hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles as electrode materials for SCs. The pure HAP and Co2+-doped HAP nanoparticles were synthesized via the Sol-Gel method. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were utilized to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the developed electrode. The highest values of specific capacitance (Csp) and energy density for the SC with Co2+-doped HAP nanoparticles electrode were obtained at 324 F g−1 and 145.8 Wh kg−1, respectively, at a current density of 1.2 A g−1. According to the data above, Co2+-doped HAP nanoparticles can be used as a substitute to improve electrochemical performance in energy storage applications. • Synthesis of pure HAP and Co2+-doped HAP nanoparticles via Sol-Gel method. • The max energy density 129.6 Wh kg−1 was obtained for SC with Co2+-doped HAP nanoparticles. • The cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 92.47 % after 5000 cycles for Co2+-doped HAP nanoparticles was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CQDs were synthesized by facile and cost-effective electrochemical method. • CQDs that deposited by one step electrochemical method, caused to increases of electrochemical active surface area and good dispersion of nanoparticles on it. • A green, low-cost and electrochemically-synthesized electrocatalyst was introduced. • The Ni-NPs/RCQD nanocomposite as a novel non-platinum catalyst, offers promising option for wide catalytic applications. The methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is catalyzed by non- platinum catalysts of nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) that deposited on a modified glassy carbon electrode by reduced carbon quantum dots (RCQD). The cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques are used for the electrodeposition process. Then the morphology and structure of electrodeposited materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that Ni-NPs are homogeneously electrodeposited on the surface of CQDs. Also, the catalysis of MOR on electrodes is investigated by different electrochemical techniques like CV and CA, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical behavior of electrodes for MOR has been informed with several parameters. For example, for Ni-NPs/RCQDs/GCE, the peak current density at E = 0.56 V, vs. Ag/AgCl was 32 mA·cm−2 that is higher than of Ni-NPs/GCE. Also, the this catalyst shows excellent stability and high current at constant voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the synthesis of poly (aniline-co-4-nitroaniline) deposited on a three-dimensional nanostructured nickel (3D-Ni) film, where both layers were fabricated via potentiostatic electrodeposition. The obtained electrocatalyst exhibited excellent electrochemical activity for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) with small overpotentials of − 195 and − 325 mV at − 10 and − 100 mAcm−2, respectively, and a low Tafel slope of 53.3 mV dec−1 in seawater. Additionally, the electrocatalyst exhibited good stability after 72 h operation under a constant potential of − 1.9 V vs. RHE. The efficient HER performance of the as-prepared catalyst was found to originate from the synergy between the conducting polymer and three-dimensional nickel nanoparticles with a large electrochemical active surface area. Moreover, the results obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that the presence of 3D-Ni layer improved the kinetics of HER by reducing the charge transfer resistance for the electrocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-layer system was applied to a nickel substrate for use as the electrocatalyst of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in a phosphate buffer solution. It was comprised of a three-dimensional (3D) porous underlayer of nickel nanoparticles with a size of less than 35 nm, followed by an electrodeposited top layer of poly (aniline-co-pyrrole). The underlayer and top coating were both synthesized by applying a constant potential to a three-electrode system. The catalyst characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. The electrocatalytic activity of the fabricated electrodes was measured by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronopotentiometry. The electrode exhibited an overpotential of 520 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, comparable to 530 mV of platinum. Furthermore, the Tafel slope of the electrode was 90 mV dec−1, almost equal to that of platinum. This exceptional performance was explained by the synergistic interaction between 3D-Ni and poly (aniline-co-pyrrole) layers. Such a synergism was demonstrated by the fact that the resulting electrode lacked substantial catalytic activity when each of these two layers was deposited on the substrate alone. The Nyquist diagrams revealed that the 3D-Ni film resulted in minimal charge transfer resistance, allowing fast kinetics of HER. The coupling of this property with the ability of the polymer to adsorb H+ ions led to the high electrocatalytic activity of the proposed electrode. This electrode performed better than platinum, which was a promising result. This indicated that a lower voltage input was required to generate hydrogen gas using the prepared electrode. [Display omitted] • Poly (aniline-co-pyrrole) was coated on the as-prepared 3D-Ni film by potentiostatic method. • HER catalytic activity of the fabricated electrode was evaluated by LSV and EIS techniques. • An overpotential of 520 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 was obtained for the electrode. • A Tafel slope of 90 mV dec−1 estimated for the electrode was comparable to 91 mV dec−1 of Pt. • Chronopotentiometry at a current density of 250 mA cm−2 in PBS exhibited at least a 5-day stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce six di-methoxyphenylamine-substituted pyrene arylamine derivatives as new hole transport materials (HTMs) by changing the position of OMe substituent on the phenylamine group and compare with three other derivatives denoted as N , N -di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine-substituted pyrene arylamine (para-PyA, -PyB, and -PyC) as references. The electronic, absorption and emission spectra, and transport properties of the new materials are investigated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with the Marcus hopping model. The stability and solubility of all the derivatives along with the parameters affecting the open circuit voltage (V oc), fill factor (FF), and short-circuit current density (J sc) of the corresponding solar cells are obtained and discussed. We also examine the oxidation forms (+1 and +2) of structures to find the reasons for instability and reduction in efficiency of the device after the formation of the oxidized forms of HTMs. The results show that among the nine structures studied, the ortho-PyB derivative with CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 absorber and ortho-PyA derivative with (FAPbI 3) 0.85 (CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3) 0.15 absorber are promising HTMs for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because they have larger Stokes shifts, appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, more stability, and acceptable hole mobility. Unlabelled Image • Six novel pyrene compounds were examined as cost-effective HTMs. • Reasons of reduction in efficiency of the device were studied after oxidation of HTMs. • Ortho-PyB is a promising HTM for PSC with CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 as absorber. • Ortho-PyA exhibits an efficient HTM with (FAPbI 3) 0.85 (CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3) 0.15 as absorber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article reports the synthesis of nanocomposites of polypyrrole along with non-precious metal chalcogenide, cobalt-disulfide. A simple sonoelectrochemical method was carried out in order to fabricate novel composite electrode materials composing polypyrrole, CoS 2 and decorated Pt nanoparticles on multi walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs. Studying on electrocatalytic activity revealed that the presence of CoS 2 nanoparticles along with MWCNTs and Pt nanoparticles played a prominent role in enhancement of proton reduction to hydrogen gas. The possible mechanism of electrocatalytic activity by nanocomposite films is also discussed. The PPy(CoS 2 )MWCNTsPt nanocomposite film exhibits extremely low overpotential (0.03 V vs. RHE), and high current density for HER in acidic solution. The activity enhancement can be attributed to the large active electrochemical surface area of MWCNTs and also porous structure of PPy provides excellent attachment of CoS 2 and Pt nanostructures to the matrix. In addition, the HER is further improved due to stronger adsorption of hydrogen to the disulfide anions in CoS 2 structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of inorganic (e.g., ferrite nanoparticles) and organic (e.g., conducting polymers) materials in the fabrication of heterojunctions or composites is an attractive scheme in the field of photocatalysis. We took the advantage of this phenomenon by fabricating M Ferrite (M = Co, Ni, and Zn) @polypyrrole (M Ferrite@Ppy) nanocomposites with a varying weight percentage of Ppy for the hydrogen production through photocatalytic water splitting under visible light irradiation. The structural, spectral, morphological, compositional, and optical features of the as-prepared nanocomposites were analyzed in full depth. The average crystallite sizes were estimated to be 30–40 nm from the XRD patterns which were further validated by TEM images from which a core-shell structure of the composites can be inferred. Likewise, the SEM images revealed spherical Ppy particles with a diameter in the range of 100–300 nm. From a photocatalytic viewpoint, CoFerrite@30Ppy is endowed with some peculiar characteristics including but not limited to strong light-harvesting ability (ranging between 300 and 650 nm), narrow optical band gap (as low as 1.6 eV), and higher photoluminescence (PL) lifetime (6.41 ns) which justify why it stands out among all composites in terms of photocatalysis. Under 8 h illumination of simulated visible light and using triethanolamine (TEOA) as a hole scavenger and Eosin-Y (EY) as a dye sensitizer, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (HER) amount for CoFerrite@30Ppy was found to be 10.44 mmol g−1, far greater than any other composite catalysts in this study. From the PL spectra, it can be pointed out that sensitization of CoFerrite with 30 wt % Ppy conduces to simultaneous deceleration of the electron-hole recombination process and acceleration of the transference of excitons within the system. [Display omitted] • A heterojunction was formed by introducing various weight % of polypyrrole (Ppy) to metal ferrites. • The photocatalytic examinations unraveled that CoFerrite with 30 wt % Ppy holds the best performance. • The best photocatalytic activity was ascribed to ideal band gap formation, longer PL lifetime, and less charge recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage by supercapacitors with short charging time and high power density is one of the types of electrochemical storage systems. Perovskite oxides have been significantly investigated as promising materials for energy storage in electrochemical systems. In this study, three perovskites, SrFeO3, SrCoO3, and SrCo0.5Fe0.5O3, were prepared using the sol-gel method and used as supercapacitor electrode materials. In fact, in this research, two consecutive elements (Fe, Co) from the periodic table that differ by one unit in atomic number are placed in the perovskite structure to study their electrochemical properties for use in supercapacitors. From the obtained results, it was found that Co doping with a ratio of 1/1 (Co/Fe) at B site of SrFeO3 reduced the specific capacitance from 101.687 F g-1 to 60.912 F g-1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. Also, the specific capacitance of SrCoO3 decreased from 68.639 F g-1 to 60.912 F g-1 at the same substitution rate at B site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LSCM0.3, LSCM0.6, LSCMP0.3 and LSCMP0.6 were prepared for investigation as supercapacitor electrodes. • The presence of a larger amount of Mnn+ cation with high oxidation states in the B site led to an increase in surface active points and an improvement in the electrochemical performance of LSCM0.6 compared to LSCM0.3. • Obtained high capacitance of 113 F.g−1 for LSCMP0.6 at a discharge current density of 1 A g−1. • LSCMP0.6 // LSCMP0.6 as a symmetric supercapacitor achieves high energy density of 63.28 W.h.kg−1 at 1000 W.kg−1. La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Cu 0.4 Mn 0.6 O 3 (LSCM0.6) and La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Cu 0.7 Mn 0.3 O 3 (LSCM0.3) were prepared and Pd (10 % mole in B site) was partial substituted in the B site, with the aim of investigating their performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical activity of them studied in details. LSCM0.3 has a cubic structure and belongs to the Pm-3 m space group. The partial substitution of Pd in B site, increased the distortion of the structure and oxygen vacancies. La 0.8 Sr 0.2 (Cu 0.4 Mn 0.6) 0.9 Pd 0.1 O 3 (LSCMP0.6) recognized to be the best sample of the synthesized. This sample showed obvious pseudo-capacitive behavior and the highest specific capacitance (113 F.g−1) at a current density of 1 A.g−1. The improved electrochemical activity of LSCMP0.6 were originated from the structural features and higher oxygen vacancy content. Extensive charge-discharge cycles performed to assess the electrochemical stability of LSCMP0.6. It was found, after 3000 charge-discharge cycles, the specific capacitance dropped to about 70 % of its initial value. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most common surgeries for women, which has numerous complications including anxiety and vital sign changes. Various non-drug methods exist for controlling these complications. Although nurse companionship is one of such methods, there is little information about the accompaniment of mothers by trained nurses during the C-section surgery. This study aimed to determine the effect of "nurse companionship" on the level of anxiety and vital sign changes of C-section candidates. Materials and Methods: Using a random allocation method, this randomized control trial was performed on 128 C-section candidates in Al-Zahra teaching hospital of Tabriz in 2017. In addition to routine cares, intervention group mothers were accompanied and supported by a nurse 1 hour before to after the C-section surgery while mothers in the control group only received routine cares for the C-section. Data collection tools were demographic information form, visual analogue scale (VAS), digital blood pressure monitor, and chronometer. The anxiety level and vital sign changes were measured one hour before, during, and one hour after the C-section surgery. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS 24 using the mixed repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The comparison of the results of the two groups showed that the accompaniment of the mothers had a significant effect on reducing anxiety during (P < 0.001) and 1 hour after (P = 0.011) C-section surgery while it had no significant effect on vital sign changes. Conclusions: The results revealed the positive effect of nurse companionship on reducing mothers' anxiety during and after the C-section surgery. Therefore, this method can be used as non-invasive nursing care during C-section surgeries and in operating rooms. However, cost-effectiveness assessment is recommended before the implementation of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To investigate the impact of domestic violence‐related factors on suicide attempt in married women. Background: Suicide is a global public health concern that poses significant burden on individuals, families and communities. There is limited research on factors predicting suicide attempt in women. Design: A retrospective case–control design was adopted. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, 610 participants, admitted to a teaching referral hospital in Northwest of Iran, were recruited to the study and assigned to case or control groups based on whether or not they had attempted suicide. The participants in two groups were matched in the terms of important demographic characteristics. Domestic violence‐related factors were considered as independent variables and suicide attempt as dependent variable. Descriptive statistics, and simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Odds ratios (OR) of domestic violence‐related factors were compared between the groups. We used STROBE checklist as an EQUATOR in this study. Results: The mean age of participants in the case and control groups was 28.4 and 29.45 years, respectively. The infidelity was the strongest predictor of suicide attempt in women (OR 44.57, 95%CI 6.08–326. 63, p < 0.001), followed by being threatened to physical assault by husband (OR 37.01, 95%CI 11.54–118.67, p < 0.001), jealousy of husband (OR 23.46, 95%CI 11.63–47.30, p < 0.001), and previous attempts to divorce (OR 16.55, 95%CI 5.91–46.31, p < 0.001). Suicide attempt was significantly lower in women who reported a sense of peace in life or lived with their mother or father‐in‐law (p < 0.001). Conclusions: To reduce the risk of suicide in women, violence against women should be condemned and appropriate prevention measures be taken by health professionals. Relevance to clinical practice: Recognising risk, assessment and referral of victims of domestic violence should be an integral part of healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The changes in the physico- chemical properties of the LaCoO3-BaCoO3 compositional series affects the OER performance. The Ba doping at the A site of LaCoO 3 -BaCoO 3 series affacts the structure, oxidation state, and the oxygen vacancies. • The surface oxygen contribution gets more pronounced at the expense of the lattice oxygen with increasing Ba content. • Electrochemical activity reveals adding Ba in the LaCoO3-BaCoO3 series increases the beneficial influence of BaCoO3. To determine the effect of Ba addition to LaCoO 3 perovskite structures as efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, we have synthesized different composite materials in the LaCoO 3 -BaCoO 3 compositional series using a combinatorial sol–gel method. Rietveld refinement X-ray diffraction data reveals that no significant incorporation of Ba into the LaCoO 3 structure, forming a solid solution, occurs with Ba addition. Rather, BaCoO 3 and BaCO 3 side phases are formed at higher amounts of Ba. As determined from X-ray photoelectron spectra, the surface oxygen contribution gets more pronounced at the expense of the lattice oxygen with increasing Ba content, pointing towards a higher number of oxygen species located near surface oxygen vacancies. In direct correlation, electrochemical activity measurements in the OER reaction reveal that the addition of Ba in the LaCoO 3 -BaCoO 3 compositional series increases the beneficial influence of BaCoO 3. The peak of maximum activity is observed for pure BaCoO 3 , with an at the same time low overpotential of 266 mV at 10 mA cm2 at excellent stability. Our results suggest a new generation of Ba-based perovskite materials with the potential to improve the electrochemical performance of current OER catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Organic-inorganic hybrid sol-gel coatings are an effective method to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium and its alloys. Accordingly, in this work, tetraethylorthosilicate and methylthreeethoxy silane with good mechanical and chemical barrier properties were used to prepare the sol-gel coatings. Alanine, glutamine, and methionine were added as green inhibitors to the coatings. It was found that among the inhibitors studied, the most enhanced performance is related to 0.5 wt% of methionine with the total corrosion resistance of 47 kΩ cm2. The effect of cloisite Na+, cloisite 20A, and cloisite 30B as nanoparticle additives was also investigated. The results indicated that cloisite Na+ with the composition of 0.5 wt% shows more enhanced performance than the others. Simultaneous presence of the optimum contents of methionine and cloisite Na+ in the coatings demonstrated their synergistic effect, where R total became 434 kΩ cm2. Barrier properties of the prepared coatings were examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and their characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Highlights • Effect of MMT nanoparticle and amino acid on corrosion resistance of a sol-gel coating. • Barrier properties of the coating were examined by EIS. • Coating characterization was performed by SEM, AFM, FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction. • Of nanoparticles and amino acids, cloisite Na+ and methionine show better performance. • Simultaneous presence of cloisite Na+ and methionine increases the resistance remarkably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weak corrosion resistance of mild steel (MS) is considered a severe problem in many industrial applications. The application of corrosion inhibitors is suggested to mitigate the corrosion of steel. Within this framework, a series of novel inhibitors, including 4-ferrocenylbutyl formate, 4-ferrocenylbutyl acrylate, and 4-ferrocenylbutyl phenylacetate, was synthesized and subsequently characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. The corrosion inhibition properties of synthesized components were evaluated for MS in 1 M HCl solution through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed the presence of a protective layer on the steel surface in the presence of inhibitors. This thick layer, visible to the naked eye, is responsible for a significant resistance against corrosion. EIS data indicated that the inhibition efficiency of 4-ferrocenylbutyl formate (C) increased from 92% to 94% after 14 days of immersion in 1 M HCl. Furthermore, the results show that the R ct of inhibited MS after 2 h increased from 57 to 880 Ω cm2 in 4 mM C inhibitor, and it enhanced to 1870 Ω cm2 after 170 h toward the uninhibited surface. Proposed inhibitors have extraordinary adsorption abilities on the metal surface to increase corrosion protection, improving this adsorption over time. Besides, the potentiodynamic polarization results disclosed that steel corrosion protection after two weeks of immersion in the acidic solution containing (C) inhibitor was about 20 times higher than the inhibitor-free solution. Synthesized ferrocenylbutyl derivatives can be utilized for prolonged corrosion inhibition purposes. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations revealed a linear correlation between the adsorption energies and charge-transfer values of studied 4-ferrocenylbutyl derivated and their inhibition capacity. [Display omitted] • Three components based on 4-ferrocenylbutyl Were synthesized. • The synthesized compounds were used as inhibitors for mild steel. • The inhibitors exhibited 96.78% inhibition efficiency after 14 days immersion in 1 M HCl. • DFT calculations disclosed that there were very strong interactions between inhibitors and the metal surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medication nonadherence is highly prevalent in patients with bipolar disorders and often results in worsening disease prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group psychoeducation on medication adherence in female patients with bipolar mood disorder type I. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 76 patients with bipolar mood disorder admitted in female psychiatric wards of Razi teaching hospital, Tabriz, Iran. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Patients in experimental group received 10 continuous 90 minutes sessions of psychoeducation, two times a week. Medication adherence was measured using the medicine check list and medication adherence rating scale (MARS) before and after intervention. Data analysis was performed with SPSS ver.13. Results: There was no significant difference between two groups regarding medication adherence before the intervention. After the study intervention, the mean scores of medication adherence check list and medication adherence rating scale in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion: Since group psychoeducation was effective in improving patients' medication adherence, it could be recommended for psychiatric nurses to apply this intervention in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate working posture of operating room nurses and its relationship with demographic and job details of this group. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 147 operating room nurses in Tabriz, Iran using a questionnaire and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) checklist. The data were analyzed with SPSS.1 6 using (test, Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests for univariate analysis and the linear regression test for multivariate analysis. Results:The mean (SD) of REBA score was 7.7 (1.9), which means a high risk level and highlights an urgent need to change the working postures of the studied nurses. There was significant relationship between working posture and age (P = 0.003), gender (P = 0.003), regular daily exercise (P = 0.048), work experience (P = 0.003), number of shifts per month (P = 0.006) and type of operating rooms (P<0.001) in univariate analyses. Gender and type of operating room were the predictors of working posture of nurses in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for ergonomic interventions and educational programs to improve working posture of this study population, which can consequently lead to promotion of health and well-being of this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]