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Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a simple, inexpensive, and rapid technology, use for the fast detection of the presence or absence of the desired biomarkers. So, it can lead to the early diagnosis of infectious elements, analytes, etc. in point-of-care testing. However, their specificity and sensitivity can be improved via the integration of nanofibers into LFA due to their unique properties including their high surface to area ratio, high capacity for binding antibodies, and reducing the flow rate of sample movement, which results in the significant accuracy of the assay. In this paper, we reviewed the role of the nanofibers in the boosting of LFAs and the cases of their function in the sensitivity enhancement of these tests. The useful method for the generation of these nanofibers is mostly electrospinning, which is due to the high speed of nanofiber fabrication, user-friendly performance, generation of uniform nanofibers with the appropriate diameter, and the high surface-to-volume ratio of nanofibers. These advantages make the electrospun nanofibers an ideal candidate for use in LFA structure to achieve the best efficiency for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, nanobiotechnology is a pioneering technology in biomedicine. Every day, new nanomaterials are synthesized with elevated physiochemical properties for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases. One advancing class of materials is the Graphene family. Among different kinds of graphene derivatives, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) show fantastic optical, electrical, and electrochemical features originating from their unique quantum confinement effect. Due to the distinct properties of GQD, including large surface-to-volume ratio, low cytotoxicity, and easy functionalization, this nanomaterial has gone popular in biomedical field. Herein, a short overview of different strategies developed for GQD synthesis and functionalization is discussed. In the following, the most recent progress of GQD based nanomaterials in different biomedical fields, including bio-imaging, drug/gene delivery, antimicrobial, tissue engineering, and biosensors, are reviewed. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the increase of deaths due to the metastasis of primary tumors in many cancers, a smart system is required to recognize the initialization of metastasis, immediately and efficiently. In this paper, we introduce a novel platform based on the electrospun nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) for efficient capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and then release them for further study. It is important to note that the detection of CTC must be specific and accurate to start treatment safely with the correct dose of the drug. The number of present CTCs in blood can determine the progress of cancer and its capability for metastasis. Therefore, the early detection of cancer and using lower doses of drugs leads to more efficient treatment with lower side effects of drugs, whereas the treatment of secondary tumors require more drug and cost. For this purpose, we generated a NFM from polycaprolactone/hyaluronic acid (HA) and with a core‐shell structure to achieve CTC trapping with the application of early diagnosis of metastasis. Besides, we proved that the retrieval of these cells is possible using hyaluronidase. Our results demonstrated that the cancerous cell capture efficacy using this kind of core‐shell NFMs is about 75% (compare to 25% in PCL NFM) which is a significant ratio. Also, it was proved that around 70% of these captured cells can release via hyaluronidase (in comparison with 20% for PCL NFM) with protecting their viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]