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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of death worldwide. However, there is limited information on the outcome of the OHCA in the Middle East population, and limited studies have been carried out in the Arab Gulf countries. Hence, we aim to study the incidence and rate of survival in the OHCA setting and to assess the impact of gender on the clinical outcome following OHCA.Retrospective analysis of a prospective registry of all eligible, consecutive, and nontraumatic adult patients who successfully resuscitated (return of spontaneous circulation) from "Cardiac Arrest" occurring outside the hospital, Hospitalized in Doha, Qatar from January 1991 to June 2010.A total of 41,453 consecutive patients were admitted during the study, of whom 987 (2.4%) had a diagnosis of OHCA. Among them, 269 (27.3%) were women and 718 (72.7%) were men. Although the mortality rate was higher in females than in males (65.4% vs. 57.7%,In this sample of the state population, women who have OHCAs had a lower rate of survival, but gender was not an independent predictor of mortality following OHCA.

BackgroundCentral venous catheterisation is commonly used in critical patients in intensive care units (ICU). It may cause complications and attribute to increase mortality and morbidity. At coronary ICU (CICU) of cardiac hospital, central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate was 2.82/1000 central line days in 2015 and 3.11/1000 central line days in 2016. Working in collaboration with Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), we implemented evidence-based practices in the form of bundles in with the aim of eliminating CLABSI in CICU.MethodsIn collaboration with IHI, we worked on this initiative as multidisciplinary team and tested several changes. CLABSI prevention bundles were tested and implemented, single kit for line insertion, simulation-based training for line insertions, standardised and real-time bundle monitoring by direct observations are key interventions tested. We used model for improvement and changes were tested using small Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Surveillance methods and CLABSI definition used according to National Healthcare Safety Network.ResultsThe CLABSI rate per 1000 patient-days dropped from 3.1 per 1000 device-days to 0.4 per 1000 device-days. We achieved 757 days free of CLABSI in the unit till December 2018 when a single case happened. After that we achieved 602 free days till July 2020 and still counting.ConclusionsImplementation of evidence-based CLABSI prevention bundle and process monitoring by direct observation led to significant and subsequently sustained improvement in reducing CLABSI rate in adult CICU.

Aim of the Study: We studied the clinical profile, management, and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with and without ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: Retrospective analysis of the 20-year registry data (January 1991- June 2010) was conducted on patients with cardiac disease hospitalized at Hamad General Hospital and Qatar Heart Hospital, Doha, Qatar. Results: A total of 987 patients with OHCA were admitted to the cardiology department during the study period; among them, 296 (30%) patients had STEMI. Compared to the patients with OHCA without STEMI, the patients who had OHCA with STEMI were younger (53 ± 13 vs 58 ± 16 years; P = .001), more likely to be male (78% vs 34%; P = .001), smokers (35% vs 14%) but less likely to have hypertension (30% vs 48%; P = .001), diabetes (32% vs 47%, P = .001), and chronic renal failure (3.4% vs 9%; P = .002). The use of thrombolytic treatment in patients with STEMI increased from 21.6% (period 1991-1095) to 44.4% (period 2006-2010); P = .04. Conclusion: Percutaneous coronary intervention had increased significantly during the last quarter of the study. There was a decline in the in-hospital mortality among patients with STEMI during the last quarter of the study.

An ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) system has been designed, fabricated indigenously and commissioned on Tokamak Aditya. The system has been commissioned to operate between 20.0 and 47.0 MHz at a maximum power of 200 kW continuous wave (CW). Duration of 500 ms is sufficient for operation on Aditya, however, the same system feeds the final stage of the 1.5 MW ICRH system being prepared for the steady-state superconducting tokamak (SST-1) for a duration of 1000 s. Radio frequency (RF) power (225 kW) has been generated and successfully tested on a dummy load for 100 s at 30.0 MHz. Lower powers have been coupled to Aditya in a breakdown experiment. We describe the system in detail in this work.

Ashfaq Ahmad Patel, Abdul Rahman Arabi, Hakam Alzaeem, Jassim Al Suwaidi, Rajvir Singh, Hajar A Al BinaliDepartment of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarBackground: There is limited information regarding the clinical characteristics and outcome of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Middle Eastern patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in patients admitted following OHCA at a single center in the Middle East over a 20-year period.Methods: The data used for this hospital-based study were collected for patients hospitalized with OHCA in Doha, Qatar, between 1991 and 2010. Baseline clinical characteristics, in-hospital treatment, and outcomes were studied in comparison with the rest of the admissions.Results: A total of 41,453 consecutive patients were admitted during the study period, of whom 987 (2.4%) had a diagnosis of OHCA. Their average age was 57±15 years, and 72.7% were males, 56.5% were Arabs, and 30.9% were South Asians. When compared with the rest of the admissions taken as a reference, patients with OHCA were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (42.8% versus 39.1%, respectively, P=0.02), prior myocardial infarction (21.8% versus 19.2%, P=0.04), and chronic renal failure (7.4% versus 3.9%, P=0.001), but were less likely to have dyslipidemia (16.9% versus 25.4%, P=0.001). Further, 52.6% of patients had preceding symptoms, the most common of which was chest pain (27.2%) followed by dyspnea (24.8%). An initially shockable rhythm (ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia) was present in 25.1% of OHCA patients, with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction documented in 30.0%. Severely reduced left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction ≤35%) was present in 53.2% of OHCA patients; 42.9% had cardiogenic shock requiring use of inotropes at presentation. An intra-aortic balloon pump was inserted in 3.6% of cases. Antiarrhythmic medications were used in 27.4% and thrombolytic therapy in 13.9%, and 10.8% underwent a percutaneous coronary procedure (coronary angiography ± percutaneous coronary intervention). The in-hospital mortality rate was 59.8%.Conclusion: OHCA was associated with higher incidences of diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease as compared with the remaining admissions. Approximately half of the patients had no preceding symptoms. In-hospital mortality was high (59.8%), but similar to the internationally published data.Keywords: out of hospital cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, in-hospital mortality

Objectives. We attempted to evaluate the role of balloon angioplasty in the treatment of discrete coarctation of the aorta in adolescents and adults, with special emphasis on long-term results.Background. Controversy persists over the use of balloon dilation for the treatment of native coarctation of the aorta.Methods. Between July 1986 and January 1997, 43 consecutive adolescent and adult patients with discrete coarctation of the aorta underwent balloon angioplasty. One- to 10-year follow-up data of 37 patients, including results of cardiac catheterization and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), form the basis of this study.Results. No early or late deaths occurred. Balloon angioplasty produced a reduction in the peak to peak coarctation gradient from a mean ± SD of 69 ± 24 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI] 61 to 76) to 12 ± 8 mm Hg (95% CI 10 to 14.8) (p < 0.001). Follow-up catheterization 12 months later (37 patients) revealed a residual gradient of 6.7 ± 6 mm Hg (95% CI 4.6 to 8.9); 3 (7%) of 43 patients had suboptimal results with development of recoarctation, defined as peak gradient >20 mm Hg, with successful repeat angioplasty. A small aneurysm developed at the site of dilation in 3 (7%) of the 43 patients. MRI follow-up data 1 to 10.8 years (mean 5.2 ± 2.7) after angioplasty (37 patients) revealed no new aneurysm or appreciable change in the size of the preexisting aneurysm in the three patients. The blood pressure had normalized without medication in 27 (73%) of 37 patients at follow-up examination.Conclusions. Balloon angioplasty is safe and effective and should be considered a viable alternative to operation for treatment of discrete coarctation of the aorta in adolescents and adults.

Objectives To compare the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome in patients hospitalized following out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) according to gender. Methods Retrospective analysis of a registry of patients hospitalized with OHCA over a 20-year period (1991–2010) in Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. Results Out of 987 patients admitted with OHCA, 269 patients were female (27.3%). Compared to males, females were older (61 + 14 vs 55 + 15 years; p = 0.001), more likely to have diabetes (62.1% vs 35.5%; p = 0.001), hypertension (63.9% vs 34.7%; p = 0.001), chronic renal failure (12.3% vs 5.6%; p = 0.001) and BMI > 30 (41.2% vs 23.9%; p = 0.02) and less likely to be smokers (1.9% vs 26.6%; p = 0.001). There was a lower incidence of STEMI in the female patients (13.8% vs 36.1%; p = 0.001) with no significant difference in the LV ejection fraction (35 ± 13 vs 34.5 ± 13; p = 0.81). They were less likely to be treated with antithrombotic medications (heparin/LMWH: 27.9% vs 35.9%; p = 0.02; ASA: 47.2% vs 55.8%; p = 0.02; thrombolysis: 4.8% vs 17.3%; p = 0.001), PCI (5.2% vs 13%; p = 0.001) and IABP support (0.7% vs 4.7%; p = 0.003). In hospital mortality was higher in the female group (65.4% vs 57.7%; p = 0.03). Conclusion There are significant differences in clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome in patients admitted with OHCA between male and female patients in our database registry.

The pulmonary vascular hemodynamics were studied in 21 patients with severe mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary hypertension. Hemodynamic data were obtained before and immediately after mitral balloon valvotomy (MBV) and at follow-up 7 to 14 months (mean 12 months) later by repeat catheterization. The mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) decreased from 27 +/- 5 to 15 +/- 4 mm Hg (p0.001). The mean mitral valve gradient (MVG) decreased from 18 +/- 4 to 6 +/- 2 mm Hg (p0.001). Mitral valve area (MVA) increased from 0.6 +/- 0.1 to 1.5 +/- 0.3 cm2 (p0.02). Cardiac index increased from 2.2 +/- 0.3 to 2.6 to 0.5 L/min/m2 (p0.02). The pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased from 65 +/- 13 to 50 +/- 13 mm Hg (p0.001), and no significant change was seen in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) immediately after MBV from 461 +/- 149 to 401 +/- 227 dynes/sec/cm(-5) (p = 0.02). At follow-up the MVA increased from 1.5 +/- 0.3 to 1.7 +/- 0.3 cm2 (p0.02). Cardiac index increased further to 3 +/- 0.4 L/min/m2 (p0.02). MVG and PCW pressure remained the same. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased further to 38 +/- 9 mm Hg (p0.02). PVR decreased significantly to 212 +/- 99 dynes/sec/cm(-5) (p0.02). We concluded that the pulmonary artery pressure decreased without normalizing immediately after MBV and normalized in patients with optimal results from mitral balloon valvotomy 7 to 14 months later. Insignificant change in PVR was seen immediately after MBV and markedly decreased or normalized at late follow-up in patients with optimal result from MBV.

An approximately 20-year-old to 30-year-old patient presented with a haemodynamically stable supraventricular tachycardia . The patient was managed with intravenous adenosine primarily, with two bolus doses of 6 and 12emsp14;mg. This, however, caused a rare paradoxical surge of tachycardia with mild haemodynamic compromise. The patient further required a combination of Metoprolol and Verapamil administration to slow down and reverse the arrhythmia. Following this the patient remained stable with no further episodes till discharge.

Background Data about the use of positive inotropic agents in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is limited. Methods The records of 8066 patients with ADHF who were hospitalized at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar from 1991 to 2013 were analyzed to explore demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients according to inotropic agents use. Results Eight hundred fifty eight patients [10.6 %, 95 % CI (10 to 11.3 %)] received intravenous inotropic support. Patients receiving inotropes were more likely to be female and have preserved ejection fraction when compared to those not receiving inotropic agents. Comorbidities associated with higher likelihood of receiving inotropic treatment included acute myocardial infarction, chronic renal impairment, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity and hyperglycemia. Patient on inotropes were more likely to undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), intra-aortic balloon pump support and intubation. There were no differences in the mean plasma BNP and CK-MB levels between the 2 groups. Heart failure patients receiving inotropes also were more likely to have complications including ventricular tachycardia (2.0 % vs. 0.9 %, p = 0.003), prolonged hospital stay (8.0 vs. 5.0 days, p = 0.001), cardiac arrest (14.6 % vs. 3.2 %, p = 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (30.8 % vs. 9.1 %, p = 0.001). Over the study period there was an increase use of inotropic agents and decreased mortality rates. Conclusion Inotropic use increased over the period whereas; female gender and conventional cardiac risk factors were predictors of inotropic agents use in the study.

Objectives We studied the prevalence, clinical characteristics, management and outcome among patients with LBBB hospitalized in the cardiology department. Methods Retrospective analysis of the 22-year registry data (Jan 1991 to Jun 2012) of cardiac patients hospitalized at Hamad General Hospital and Qatar Heart Hospital, Doha, Qatar. Results Of the 41438 patients admitted under cardiology department, 582 patients had LBBB (1.4%). Compared to patients without LBBB, LBBB patients were older (63 ± 12 vs. 54 ± 12 ears, P = 0.001), more likely to be female (33 vs.23%, P = 0.001) and to be middle eastern(76.5 vs. 54%). LBBB patients have more hypertension (56 vs. 40%, P = 0.001), Diabetes (52% vs. 39%, P = 0.004) and chronic renal failure (11% vs.4%, P = 0.001),but less likely to be current smoker (16% vs. 23%, P = 0.001). CHF was the most common cause of admission in LBBB (40% vs. 17% in no LBBB patients, P = 0.001), followed by unstable angina (35 vs. 40%, P = 0.03) and myocardial infarction (9.3 vs. 23%). In hospital mortality was significantly higher in LBBB patients (8% vs. 4.7%, P = 0.001). Conclusion Patients with LBBB are more likely to admitted with CHF, and less likely to be admitted with acute coronary syndrome as compared to patients without LBBB. Moreover LBBB is associated with a 2-folds increase in mortality as compared to those without LBBB.

To compare clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of OHCA patients according to ethnicity (Middle Eastern Arabs (MEA) vs. South Asians (SA)). Retrospective analysis of the 20-year registry data (Jan 1991 to Dec 2010) of OHCA patients hospitalized at Hamad General Hospital and Qatar Heart