Search

A field experiment was conducted under loamy sand soil during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Agronomy Farm, S.K.N. of College of Agriculture, Jobner, India. The treatments comprising five irrigation scheduling methods viz. Irrigation at critical stages (I1), 0.9 IW/CPE ratio (I2), 0.6 IW/CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 0.8 IW/CPE ratio at reproductive phase (I3), 0.6 IW/CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW/CPE ratio at reproductive phase (I4) and 0.8 IW/CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW/CPE ratio at reproductive phase (I5) were assigned in main plots and four does of organic manures i.e. Control (M0), FYM at 15 t/ha (M1), VC at 6 t/ha (M2) and FYM at 7.5 t + VC at 3 t/ha (M3) were applied in sub plots and replicated four times in split plot design. Wheat variety “Raj-4037” was used as a test crop. Results indicated that irrigation applied at 0.9 IW/CPE ratio recorded the maximum values of grain yield and soil moisture parameters (Moisture content before irrigation and 1/3 bar) and proved significantly superior over I1, I4 and I3. The highest moisture depletion pattern from soil was obtained with I2. Results also indicated that application of FYM at 7.5 t + VC at 3 t/harecorded significantly higher grain yield, quality parameters (NPK content and uptake) and soil moisture parameters (Moisture content before irrigation and 1/3 bar) which is found at par with M2 proved superior over rest of the treatments. The highest moisture depletion pattern from soil was obtained with M0. Scheduling of irrigation to wheat at 0.8 IW/CPE at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW/CPE ratio at reproductive phase and application of FYM at 7.5 t + VC 3 t/ha is recommended as this practice brought about significantly higher yield, nutrient content and uptake and moisture content.

Objective: To make evidence-based recommendations concerning the evaluation of the child with a nonprogressive global developmental delay. Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed, abstracted, and classified. Recommendations were based on a four-tiered scheme of evidence classification. Results: Global developmental delay is common and affects 1% to 3% of children. Given yields of about 1%, routine metabolic screening is not indicated in the initial evaluation of a child with global developmental delay. Because of the higher yield (3.5% to 10%), even in the absence of dysmorphic features or features suggestive of a specific syndrome, routine cytogenetic studies and molecular testing for the fragile X mutation are recommended. The diagnosis of Rett syndrome should be considered in girls with unexplained moderate to severe developmental delay. Additional genetic studies (e.g., subtelomeric chromosomal rearrangements) may also be considered in selected children. Evaluation of serum lead levels should be restricted to those children with identifiable risk factors for excessive lead exposure. Thyroid studies need not be undertaken (unless clinically indicated) if the child underwent newborn screening. An EEG is not recommended as part of the initial evaluation unless there are historical features suggestive of epilepsy or a specific epileptic syndrome. Routine neuroimaging, with MRI preferred to CT, is recommended particularly if abnormalities are found on physical examination. Because of the increased incidence of visual and auditory impairments, children with global developmental delay may undergo appropriate visual and audiometric assessment at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: A specific etiology can be determined in the majority of children with global developmental delay. Certain routine screening tests are indicated and depending on history and examination findings, additional specific testing may be performed. Copyright © Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Inc.

Rationale: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease that affects about 50,000 Americans and an estimated one million people worldwide. This disorder affects any or all systems of the human body. Epilepsy is one of the leading conditions affecting individuals with TSC - up to 90%. TSC has the distinction of providing researchers with an opportunity to study co-morbid conditions in a disease with a known gene mutation on chromosome 9 and 16 (TSC1 and TSC2 respectively). A need was identified to develop a central repository of medical information that would expand the understanding of how TSC affects individuals at different times in their lives. The Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance launched the first ever comprehensive database in 2006 to meet this goal. Methods: The TSC Database Project Group is a network of TSC Clinics with institutional review board or ethics committee approval to enter medical information about individuals with TSC into a password-protected, relational database maintained on a secure server at Tesuji, Inc. (Denver, CO). The database system uses a platform-neutral interface that relies only on standard web-related communication protocols (e.g. http, https) to reduce the possibility that its use would conflict with firewalls or other security measures in place at the participating TSC Clinics. The system creates a unique ID for each participant, which contains no personal identifiers. Authorized TSC Clinic personnel enter retrospective (i.e. initial data entry) and prospective information (i.e. follow-up over the course of a participant's life-time) about conditions affecting the following areas: cardiac, dental, dermatological, liver, neurological, ophthalmological, psychological, pulmonary, renal, and reproductive. The database system enables authorized database users to generate summary reports about the contents of the database and to search for participants who match a search criteria selection. The database may also be queried using Structured Query Languageto provide researchers with information about a single condition or co-morbid conditions affecting individuals with TSC. Results: As of May 25, 2009, fifteen TSC Clinics (14 in the U.S. and one in Europe) were consenting individuals with TSC to participate in the database project, with initial data entered on 95% of the 781 participants. Queries of the study participants to identify those with a diangosis of epilepsy revealed that 607/781 (78%) have epilepsy, 236/607 (39%) had infantile spasms, and 343/607 (57%) have a diagnosis of complex partial seizures. Detailed analysis of seizure and surgery types will be presented. Conclusions: The TSC Natural History Database provides a functional tool for collecting clinical information about individuals with TSC over their lifespan from multiple clinic sites in the USA and in Europe. The majority of study participants have a diagnosis of epilepsy and the clinical information collected over their lifespan provides valuable information about the natural history and treatments for epilepsy in this population.

Rationale: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease that affects about 50,000 Americans and an estimated one million people worldwide. This disorder affects any or all systems of the human body. Epilepsy is one of the leading conditions affecting individuals with TSC - up to 90%. TSC has the distinction of providing researchers with an opportunity to study co-morbid conditions in a disease with a known gene mutation on chromosome 9 and 16 (TSC1 and TSC2, respectively). A need was identified to develop a central repository of medical information that would expand the understanding of how TSC affects individuals at different times in their lives. The Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance launched the first ever comprehensive database in 2006 to meet this goal.

OBJECTIVE: The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society develop practice parameters as strategies for patient management based on analysis of evidence. For this parameter the authors reviewed available evidence on the assessment of a child suspected of having cerebral palsy (CP), a nonprogressive disorder of posture or movement due to a lesion of the developing brain. METHODS: Relevant literature was reviewed, abstracted, and classified. Recommendations were based on a four-tiered scheme of evidence classification. RESULTS: CP is a common problem, occurring in about 2 to 2.5 per 1,000 live births. In order to establish that a brain abnormality exists in children with CP that may, in turn, suggest an etiology and prognosis, neuroimaging is recommended with MRI preferred to CT (Level A). Metabolic and genetic studies should not be routinely obtained in the evaluation of the child with CP (Level B). If the clinical history or findings on neuroimaging do not determine a specific structural abnormality or if there are additional and atypical features in the history or clinical examination, metabolic and genetic testing should be considered (Level C). Detection of a brain malformation in a child with CP warrants consideration of an underlying genetic or metabolic etiology. Because the incidence of cerebral infarction is high in children with hemiplegic CP, diagnostic testing for coagulation disorders should be considered (Level B). However, there is insufficient evidence at present to be precise as to what studies should be ordered. An EEG is not recommended unless there are features suggestive of epilepsy or a specific epileptic syndrome (Level A). Because children with CP may have associated deficits of mental retardation, ophthalmologic and hearing impairments, speech and language disorders, and oral-motor dysfunction, screening for these conditions should be part of the initial assessment (Level A). CONCLUSIONS: Neuroimaging results in children with CP are commonly abnormal and may help determine the etiology. Screening for associated conditions is warranted as part of the initial evaluation.

Article abstract Autism is a common disorder of childhood, affecting 1 in 500 children. Yet, it often remains unrecognized and undiagnosed until or after late preschool age because appropriate tools for routine developmental screening and screening specifically for autism have not been available. Early identification of children with autism and intensive, early intervention during the toddler and preschool years improves outcome for most young children with autism. This practice parameter reviews the available empirical evidence and gives specific recommendations for the identification of children with autism. This approach requires a dual process: 1) routine developmental surveillance and screening specifically for autism to be performed on all children to first identify those at risk for any type of atypical development, and to identify those specifically at risk for autism; and 2) to diagnose and evaluate autism, to differentiate autism from other developmental disorders.