Search

Anti-Asian racism and xenophobia surged on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic, fueling discrimination and violence against Asians and Asian Americans in the United States. This study aims to understand the spatial patterns of Anti-Asian hate speech (AAHS) and identify the socioeconomic and ideological factors that may influence its emergence. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, including hotspot analysis, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), we analyzed several socioeconomic and ideological factors to understand their impact on the spatial variability of AAHS risk levels. Our models show AAHS hotspots tend to cluster in suburban areas near the metropolitan and micropolitan regions. Our OLS model identifies three significant socioeconomic factors: the poverty level is negatively correlated with the AAHS risk level, but both high education level and diversity index demonstrate positive correlations with the AAHS risk level. The GWR model further explored local spatial patterns of how these factors influence AAHS levels. We suggest that anti-Asian sentiments may be driven by dominant groups fearing the loss of their identity and socioeconomic security. Additionally, in diverse areas, pandemic-related crises can exacerbate existing intergroup tensions, with structural inequalities further deepening divisions. Policymakers can leverage these findings to develop strategies aimed at mitigating the factors contributing to hate speech and effectively combating it. Future studies can expand on our findings to develop more robust theoretical frameworks for understanding these patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression among adolescents is a public health concern. The present study examines the impact of sex, grade level, employment status, parental support, school-related influences, engagement in prosocial activities, and participation in risky behaviors on the mental well-being of Asian American youth. A secondary data analysis of the 2020 Student Drug Use Survey was conducted. Of the N = 2332 Asian American youth, 19.6% (n = 456) reported depression. Of these, 24.2% (n = 286) identified as female, and 14.5% (n = 163) identified as male. Furthermore, univariate logistic regression analysis and logistic regression model analyses were employed. The final logistic regression model was found to be significant and suggests that lack of parental support, involvement in prosocial activities, and involvement in risky behaviors can predict depression among Asian American high school youth. The findings of this research study hold significant implications for the development of targeted interventions aimed at addressing depression among Asian American high school students. Identifying specific predictors such as the lack of parental factors, engagement in prosocial activities, and participation in risky behaviors provides valuable insights for educators, mental health professionals, and policymakers. By recognizing these influential factors, interventions can be tailored to enhance parental involvement, promote prosocial activities, and mitigate risky behaviors, thus potentially reducing the prevalence of depression among Asian American youth in high school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group well-child care (GWCC) may promote interactive caregiving and prevent developmental delay.MethodThis cross-sectional study explored the association between GWCC attendance and odds for suspected developmental delay among low-income Asian immigrants as measured by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)-III at age 18 months.ResultsOdds for suspected developmental delay (OR=0.81, 95 % CI 0.40-1.62) were not significantly lower for GWCC infants. However, odds for developmental risk were significantly lower for GWCC infants in the ASQ's problem-solving domain (OR= 0.40, 95 % CI 0.17-0.92).ConclusionAmong low-income Asian immigrants, GWCC participation may be associated with lower odds for cognitive developmental delay.

This study investigated Hmong American adolescents' perceptions of their mother as helping them understand race as Asian American youths in an urban context. Twenty-four Hmong American adolescents ages 14 to 18 (M = 15.8; 67% female; 54% U.S. born, 46% born in Southeast Asia) participated in semi-structured interviews, following approval of the Institutional Review Board. Directed content analysis revealed three themes of racial, ethnic, and neutral socialization practices. Frequently, responses reflected the categories of racism awareness, racial group identification, and diversity awareness, as well as no discussion of race (racial socialization theme). Although the study asked specifically about racial socialization, some responses indicated that mothers engaged in cultural practices that included cultural markers and ethnic group identification (ethnic socialization theme). A few responses also represented neutral socialization that emphasized good behavior. Emergent categories included intra-racial discrimination and bicultural socialization. More frequently than girls, boys reported having discrimination experiences without discussing race with mothers. Girls reported more intra-racial discrimination messages, as well as bicultural and neutral messages than boys. These findings can help Hmong American adolescents and their families continue to build successful strategies for dealing with racism and discrimination, and support understanding how Asian Americans address racialized experiences in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) prevalence, incidence rate, and risk factors in individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian‐American and assess sample representation. Prevalence, incidence rate, risk factors, and heterogeneity of samples were assessed. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted, generating pooled estimates. Of 920 records across 14 databases, 45 studies were included. Individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian‐American were mainly from Eastern and Southern Asia, had higher education, and constituted a smaller sample relative to non‐Hispanic white cohorts. The average prevalence was 10.9%, ranging from 0.4% to 46%. The average incidence rate was 20.03 (12.01‐33.8) per 1000 person‐years with a range of 75.19–13.59 (12.89‐14.33). Risk factors included physiological, genetic, psychological, behavioral, and social factors. This review underscores the systemic underrepresentation of individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian‐American in ADRD research and the need for inclusive approaches accounting for culture, language, and immigration status. Highlights: There is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of ADRD among studies of Asian‐Americans.There is limited data on group‐specific risk factors for ADRD among Asian–Americans.The average prevalence of (ADRD) among Asian–Americans was found to be 7.4%, with a wide range from 0.5% to 46%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A silver lining to the COVID-19 pandemic is that it cast a spotlight on a long-underserved group. The barrage of attacks against older Asian Americans during the crisis galvanized society into assisting them in various ways. On Twitter, now known as X, support for them coalesced around the hashtag #ProtectOurElders. To date, discourse surrounding older Asian Americans has escaped the attention of gerontologists—a gap we seek to fill. Our study serves as a reflection of the level of support that has been extended to older Asian Americans, even as it provides timely insights that will ultimately advance equity for them. Objective: This study explores the kinds of discourse surrounding older Asian Americans during the COVID-19 crisis, specifically in relation to the surge in anti-Asian sentiments. The following questions guide this study: What types of discourse have emerged in relation to older adults in the Asian American community and the need to support them? How do age and race interact to shape these discourses? What are the implications of these discourses for older Asian Americans? Methods: We retrieved tweets (N=6099) through 2 search queries. For the first query, we collated tweets with the hashtag #ProtectOurElders. For the second query, we collected tweets with an age-based term, for example, "elderly" or "old(er) adults(s)" and either the hashtag #StopAAPIHate or #StopAsianHate. Tweets were posted from January 1, 2020, to August 1, 2023. After applying the exclusion criteria, the final data set contained 994 tweets. Inductive and deductive approaches informed our qualitative content analysis. Results: A total of 4 themes emerged, with 50.1% (498/994) of posts framing older Asian Americans as "vulnerable and in need of protection" (theme 1). Tweets in this theme either singled them out as a group in need of protection because of their vulnerable status or discussed initiatives aimed at safeguarding their well-being. Posts in theme 2 (309/994, 31%) positioned them as "heroic and resilient." Relevant tweets celebrated older Asian Americans for displaying tremendous strength in the face of attack or described them as individuals not to be trifled with. Tweets in theme 3 (102/994, 10.2%) depicted them as "immigrants who have made selfless contributions and sacrifices." Posts in this section referenced the immense sacrifices made by older Asian Americans as they migrated to the United States, as well as the systemic barriers they had to overcome. Posts in theme 4 (85/994, 8.5%) venerated older Asian Americans as "worthy of honor." Conclusions: The COVID-19 crisis had the unintended effect of garnering greater support for older Asian Americans. It is consequential that support be extended to this group not so much by virtue of their perceived vulnerability but more so in view of their boundless contributions and sacrifices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the interview of four East-Asian American women artists of diverse backgrounds, alongside semiotic analysis of their selected works, I investigate their oppositional digital art practice as well as their general online experiences. The digital sphere replicates the same forms of racially and sexually based oppression that occurs in the non-digital world in rapidly diverging forms. The main findings demonstrate that digital technologies offer novel ways for East-Asian American artists to resist oppression, visibilize their struggles, and explore their identities. Oppositional techniques can be sorted into three broad categories describing the archival, discursive, and voyeuristic capabilities of digital space. These categories describe a broad range of practices including generating alternative autobiographical histories, forging larger communities of resistance, and subverting the white male gaze. East-Asian American women artists actively challenge structural power through innovative multimedia methodologies that challenge mainstream representations in which they are regarded as subhuman, and resist essentialized roles and fixed markers of East-Asian culture and identity. Their diverse experiences converge upon the common goal of resisting hegemonic order and fostering a supportive space in which the voices of their community can be heard. Drawing on movements like postcolonial feminist scholarship from Anne Anlin Cheng, Trinh T. Minh-Ha, and Saidiya Hartman, as well as Third Cinema, I argue that social media sites and other internet communities expand and enable the development of a digital postcolonial aesthetic and art practice for East-Asian American women artists, allowing them to exercise agency over their artistic and historical narratives.

Chinese immigration in America in the mid-nineteenth century incited violence and governmental sanctions to restrict Asian immigration and reject citizenship rights. In 1870, Chinese strikebreakers in Massachusetts ignited nationwide demonstrations against Chinese immigration, which ended altogether with the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882). Japanese schoolchildren in San Francisco public schools sparked rioting in 1907, leading Japan to unilaterally limit emigration to the United States (Gentlemen's Agreement, 1908). Congress responded to anti-Punjabi riots (Bellingham, WA, 1907) by refusing naturalization rights to Asians (Barred Zone Act, 1917), policies supported by the Supreme Court (Ozawa, 1922; Thind, 1923). All immigration from Asia was soon prohibited (Johnson-Reed Act, 1924). Anti-Asian measures peaked in 1942 with imprisonment of Japanese in concentration camps, including those with birthright citizenship. Anti-Asian policies unwound in the last half of the 20th century, culminating in sweeping changes in US immunization policy. Naturalization rights were granted to wartime allies against Japan (China, 1943; the Philippines and India, 1946) and the Japanese themselves (1952). Asian women marrying American servicemen were allowed entry into the country (1945, 1950). Prohibitions against Asian immigration were lifted in 1965 (Hart-Celler Act), with preference for those trained in science, technology, and medicine. The refugee crisis that followed the fall of Saigon (1975) drove humanitarian policies that brought evacuees from Southeast Asia and others from throughout the world seeking freedom from persecution (Refugee Act, 1980). Hundreds of thousands from China, South Asia, the Philippines, and Southeast Asia thus settled in the United States, changing American society and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals have documented disparities in mental health that are experienced across the life course. However, limited research has been conducted to identify the factors which contribute to evaluated risk for poor mental health among older Asian Americans who identify as LGBT. The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives of leaders of community-based organizations about the mental health needs and concerns of their LGBT constituents from diverse Asian backgrounds. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with leaders of community-based organizations serving the needs of LGBT individuals. A qualitative framework analysis approach was used to identify, analyze and report themes within the data. Results 11 members of community organizations located in California (54.5%), Chicago (27.2%), and New York (18.1%) were interviewed. Chronic stress was identified as negatively impacting constituents’ lives and was attributed to social determinants of health, including inadequate housing, financial insecurity, discrimination, barriers to adequate health care, and immigration status. Ageism, social isolation, language barriers, and limited connections to cultural, religious, or LGBT communities were identified as factors impacting middle-aged and older adults. Participants identified homelessness, violence, and lack of parental acceptance as contributing to distress among youth and younger adults. The most vulnerable community members were identified as gender minorities, undocumented individuals, and individuals with limited English proficiencies. Organizational leaders described strategies to address social determinants. Conclusions Asian Americans who are LGBT are confronted with substantial risks for poor mental health that are linked to modifiable social determinants of health. Organizations serving these populations play a vital role in meeting the needs of a highly underserved population.

"'The Art of Being Home': Home and Travel in Shirley Geok-lin Lim's Poetry" is an exploration of Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s poetics of travel and home anchored in a narrative tracking a day spent with the poet. It is a sequel to “Walking between Land and Water,” an essay published in Asiatic, in which I combine a personal encounter with the poet with an examination of the tropes of walking and liminality in her work. Here the focus is more on the motif and theme of home in the poet’s work, as the essay excavates the complexities and ambiguities of the meaning of home, from her first collection to recently published poems. This essay identifies the shifts in the poet’s idea of where and what home is, and examines how it forms a counterpoint to the poetics of travel and transnational mobility that informs her work. So far, critical attention has been more on her relationship with Malacca, her place of origin, than on her self-mappings in her adopted hometown of Santa Barbara. The essay gives a portrait of the poet at home, and highlights the increasing importance of Santa Barbara in her poetry.

Violent crimes targeting the Asian-American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) community has increased since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. While Anti-Asian violence existed before the pandemic, few have examined the predictors of AAPI crime victimization. Given this gap in the literature, the current study examined the factors that predicted violent and nonviolent crime victimization using a sample of 342 victimization incidents from 292 individuals self-identified as AAPI in the 2019 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The implications of this analysis for our understanding of AAPI victimization will be discussed in detail, along with future directions for research involving anti-Asian racism and violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Adopted the competing-risk model to investigate the relevant factors affecting the prostate cancer (PCa)-specific mortality among Asian-American PCa patients based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods The information of 26,293 Asian-American patients diagnosed with PCa between 2004 and 2015 were extracted from the SEER 18 database. Subjects were divided into three groups: died of PCa, died of other causes, survival based on the outcomes at the end of 155 months’ follow-up. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Fine-gray proportional model. Meanwhile, subgroup analyses were conducted risk stratification by race and age. Results Age ≥ 65 years [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.509, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.299–1.754], race (HR = 1.220, 95% CI 1.028–1.448), marital status (unmarried, single or widowed, HR = 1.264, 95% CI 1.098–1.454), tumor grade II (HR = 3.520, 95% CI 2.915–4.250), the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (T3: HR = 1.597, 95% CI 1.286–1.984; T4: HR = 2.446, 95% CI 1.796–3.331; N1: HR = 1.504, 95% CI 1.176–1.924; M1: HR = 9.875, 95% CI 8.204–11.887) at diagnosis, radiotherapy (HR = 1.892, 95% CI 1.365–2.623), regional nodes positive (HR = 2.498, 95% CI 1.906–3.274) increased risk of PCa-specific mortality for Asian-American PCa patients, while surgical (HR = 0.716, 95% CI 0.586–0.874) reduced the risk. Conclusion The study findings showed that age, race, marital status, tumor grade (II), AJCC stages (T3, T4, N1, M1) at diagnosis, radiotherapy, regional nodes positive and surgery was associated with the specific mortality of PCa patients among Asian-Americans.

Background: Striking racial/ethnic disparities exist in pregnancy outcomes among various racial/ethnic Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors associated with stillbirth in Asian-American women. Study design: We conducted this retrospective cohort study using the United States Birth and Fetal Death data files 2014–2017. We used the fetuses‐at‐risk approach to generate stillbirth trends by gestational age among Non-Hispanic (NH)-White and Asian-American births during the study period. We calculated the adjusted risk of stillbirth for Asian-Americans, overall, and for each Asian-American subgroup: Asian Indians, Koreans, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese and Filipinos, with NH-Whites as the referent category. Results: Of the 715,297 births that occurred among Asian-Americans during the study period, stillbirth incidence rate was 3.86 per 1000 births. From the gestational age of 20 weeks through 41 weeks, the stillbirth rates were consistently lower among Asian-Americans compared to NH-Whites. Stillbirth incidence ranged from a low rate of 2.6 per 1000 births in Koreans to as high as 5.3 per 1000 births in Filipinos. After adjusting for potentially confounding characteristics, Asian-Americans were about half as likely to experience stillbirth compared to NH-White mothers [adjusted hazards ratio (AHR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.51–0.64]. This intrauterine survival advantage was evident in all Asian-American subgroups. Conclusion: The risk of stillbirth is twofold lower in Asian-Americans than in NH-Whites. It will be an important research agenda to determine reasons for the improved intrauterine survival among Asian-Americans in order to uncover clues for reducing the burden of stillbirth among other racial/ethnic minority women in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid movement and changes in technology have brought great transformations in many aspects. It does not only affect how people live but also their ways of thinking and perceptions. Almost all aspects are transformed into digital, and one of them is literature. The digitalization of literature has used various media, features, and forms. It is also widely known that digital literature has gained popularity nowadays. Teens today spend more time using their gadgets to access online platforms that are visually more appealing than the traditional version. For young people, who mostly use social media in their daily life, digital literature gives them easier access and better visuals. On the other hand, most digital literature works are also free and easy to access. Since digital literature is closely related to young people’s lives, many young writers use social media platforms to express their feelings. Thus, this paper aims to interrogate the issue of the search for identity that is faced by Asian-American teenagers, the impact of the predicament on them, and how they select their identity and define themselves. In investigating those problems, the researchers borrow five social media literature works, “Asian is not My Brand”, “Snippets of Time”, “Clay”, “Not American Enough”, and “Mocking an Asian Accent is Never Funny”, that are taken from the @dearasianyouthliterature Instagram platform. This issue is important to be discussed because the works were written by Asian-American teenagers who experience stereotyping, predicament, and ambivalence. In unveiling the issue of identity, the researchers used descriptive qualitative study and documentation as the data collection method. In addition, Bhabha’s theory on ambivalence, in-betweenness, third space, and hybridity was also used to illuminate the researchers in deconstructing the problem. From these two social media short stories, the researchers find that Asian-American teenagers have to face predicaments and dilemmas because they are seen as not Asian enough to be Asian, as well as not American enough to be American. Furthermore, the researchers discovered that Asian-American teenagers decide to voice the voiceless and embrace and celebrate their Asian-American identity. Lastly, these social media short stories have not been discussed widely by Indonesian researchers; thus, it is a good opportunity to have a scholarly discussion using social media literature works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals have documented disparities in mental health that are experienced across the life course. However, limited research has been conducted to identify the factors which contribute to evaluated risk for poor mental health among older Asian Americans who identify as LGBT. The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives of leaders of community-based organizations about the mental health needs and concerns of their LGBT constituents from diverse Asian backgrounds. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with leaders of community-based organizations serving the needs of LGBT individuals. A qualitative framework analysis approach was used to identify, analyze and report themes within the data. Results: 11 members of community organizations located in California (54.5%), Chicago (27.2%), and New York (18.1%) were interviewed. Chronic stress was identified as negatively impacting constituents’ lives and was attributed to social determinants of health, including inadequate housing, financial insecurity, discrimination, barriers to adequate health care, and immigration status. Ageism, social isolation, language barriers, and limited connections to cultural, religious, or LGBT communities were identified as factors impacting middle-aged and older adults. Participants identified homelessness, violence, and lack of parental acceptance as contributing to distress among youth and younger adults. The most vulnerable community members were identified as gender minorities, undocumented individuals, and individuals with limited English proficiencies. Organizational leaders described strategies to address social determinants. Conclusions: Asian Americans who are LGBT are confronted with substantial risks for poor mental health that are linked to modifiable social determinants of health. Organizations serving these populations play a vital role in meeting the needs of a highly underserved population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Montagnards, an indigenous multitribal refugee-origin population concentrated in North Carolina, remain an invisible, medically underserved, and socioeconomically underrepresented Asian American sub-group. Yet this group is resilient, with language diversity, rich cultural traditions and family caregiving in multigenerational households. Using community-based participatory research methods, we developed and administered a two-part survey to 144 Montagnard adults, documenting socioeconomic characteristics, health indicators and lifestyle behaviors. Forty-one percent of participants had no formal education, 76% had little/no English proficiency and 28% described having a very hard time paying their bills. Seventy-seven percent were overweight per BMI category, 79% had elevated blood pressure and 100% scored high for significant depressive symptoms. Participants reported high levels of physical inactivity and daily dietary intake of MSG. However, Montagnards reported limited tobacco and alcohol use, a diet of fresh vegetables and rice, and regular church attendance. These represent protective lifestyle behaviors and targets for culturally responsive health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiao Li,1,&ast; Zicheng Xu,1,&ast; Ting Xu,1,&ast; Feng Qi,1 Ninghong Song2 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Feng QiDepartment of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail qf199408@163.comNinghong SongDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail songninghong@126.comBackground: To explore the baseline characteristics, pathological and survival outcomes of Asian-American patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and make comparisons with White patients.Materials and Methods: In this study, patients diagnosed with ccRCC between 2010 and 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Basic characteristics of Asian-American patients were analysed and compared with White patients. Then, proportional mortality ratio (PMR) analyses were performed in Asian population to investigate the proportions of different cause of deaths (CODs), and make comparisons with White patients. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses were developed to investigate the survival disparities of ccRCC patients between Asian-Americans and White patients. Finally, a competing risk regression model was constructed to identify potential prognostic factors for ccRCC patients in the whole population.Results: A total of 1586 Asian-American patients were eventually identified, and the median age at diagnosis was 61 years old. In Asian patients, those from South Asian had the youngest age at diagnosis (P< 0.001) and the earliest stage of diseases (localized: 76.83%, T1: 70.73%, all P< 0.05) when compared with other ethnicities. No significant differences were detected in tumor characteristics between Asian-Americans and White patients. Older age (P< 0.001), earlier stage (P< 0.001) and the administration of surgery (P=0.050) were tightly associated with a lower risk of dying of RCC in Asian-American patients. Additionally, Asian-American patients had comparable survival outcomes when compared with White patients. Lastly, competing risk regression model revealed that age at diagnosis (P< 0.001), tumor grade (P< 0.001), histological stage (P< 0.001), median household income (P< 0.001) and the administration of surgery (P< 0.001) were prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival (CSS) in ccRCC patients, while died of other causes was regarded as a competing event.Conclusion: Asian-American patients had similar tumor characteristics and survival outcomes with White patients. In Asian patients, those from South Asian had the youngest age at diagnosis and the earliest stage of diseases. Age, grade, histological stage, household income and surgery were identified to be closely related to CSS in ccRCC patients. In the future, prospective and well-designed studies are needed to verify our findings.Keywords: ccRCC, Asian-American, SEER, White, prognosis

Gene variants encoding several of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), are among the largest genetic associations with risk for alcohol dependence. Certain genetic variants (i.e., alleles)--particularly the ADH1B*2, ADH1B*3, ADH1C*1, and ALDH2*2 alleles--have been associated with lower rates of alcohol dependence. These alleles may lead to an accumulation of acetaldehyde during alcohol metabolism, which can result in heightened subjective and objective effects. The prevalence of these alleles differs among ethnic groups; ADH1B*2 is found frequently in northeast Asians and occasionally Caucasians, ADH1B*3 is found predominantly in people of African ancestry, ADH1C*1 varies substantially across populations, and ALDH2*2 is found almost exclusively in northeast Asians. Differences in the prevalence of these alleles may account at least in part for ethnic differences in alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, these alleles do not act in isolation to influence the risk of AUD. For example, the gene effects of ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2 seem to interact. Moreover, other factors have been found to influence the extent to which these alleles affect a person's alcohol involvement, including developmental stage, individual characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, antisocial behavior, and behavioral undercontrol), and environmental factors (e.g., culture, religion, family environment, and childhood adversity).

Background: Adopted the competing-risk model to investigate the relevant factors affecting the prostate cancer (PCa)-specific mortality among Asian-American PCa patients based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Methods: The information of 26,293 Asian-American patients diagnosed with PCa between 2004 and 2015 were extracted from the SEER 18 database. Subjects were divided into three groups: died of PCa, died of other causes, survival based on the outcomes at the end of 155 months' follow-up. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Fine-gray proportional model. Meanwhile, subgroup analyses were conducted risk stratification by race and age.Results: Age ≥ 65 years [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.509, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.299-1.754], race (HR = 1.220, 95% CI 1.028-1.448), marital status (unmarried, single or widowed, HR = 1.264, 95% CI 1.098-1.454), tumor grade II (HR = 3.520, 95% CI 2.915-4.250), the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (T3: HR = 1.597, 95% CI 1.286-1.984; T4: HR = 2.446, 95% CI 1.796-3.331; N1: HR = 1.504, 95% CI 1.176-1.924; M1: HR = 9.875, 95% CI 8.204-11.887) at diagnosis, radiotherapy (HR = 1.892, 95% CI 1.365-2.623), regional nodes positive (HR = 2.498, 95% CI 1.906-3.274) increased risk of PCa-specific mortality for Asian-American PCa patients, while surgical (HR = 0.716, 95% CI 0.586-0.874) reduced the risk.Conclusion: The study findings showed that age, race, marital status, tumor grade (II), AJCC stages (T3, T4, N1, M1) at diagnosis, radiotherapy, regional nodes positive and surgery was associated with the specific mortality of PCa patients among Asian-Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the current-day assault on Critical Race Theory, I discuss the mental dilemma and controversy behind removing a novel that featured satire and overt racism. I argue that my intentions, considering the social context of my community, reaffirm my decision. Removal was the first step toward reimagining the education system and building an ideal society where teachers can teach the book better, and mature students can handle the nuanced subtext behind the book. I dive deep into how I identified the problem, pushed for a petition to remove the novel, and ultimately replaced it with a better alternative. I call for policymakers, educators, and the youth of our nation to speak up in their schools and advocate for implementing an anti-racist curriculum. Finally, I reflect on my actions and outline the differences between intent versus impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aversive racism, a subtle form of contemporary racism for persons who may hold egalitarian values, has been used to explain prejudice by jurors toward Black American and Latinx American defendants, but has yet to examine East Asian American defendants as targets of prejudice. After conducting a pilot study to find race-stereotypical crimes for Asian Americans and White Americans, the purpose of the main study was to examine mock jurors' prejudice toward East Asian American defendants from an aversive racism perspective. A 2 (Race: White American or East Asian American) x 2 (SES: low or high) x 2 (Race-Stereotypical Crime: embezzlement or computer hacking) between-subjects design was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to read one of eight trial vignettes describing the crime the defendant had allegedly committed. They were then asked to render a verdict, recommend a sentence, and rate the defendant on various culpability and trait measures. Results showed mock jurors sentenced the low SES East Asian American defendant who committed a race-stereotypical crime more punitively than all other conditions. Mock jurors also found this defendant more culpable and rated him more negatively on a number of trait ascriptions. Limitations and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tokenism is the practice of including a small number of people from underrepresented groups in an organization or environment, typically for the sake of appearances or quotas, without providing any real power or meaningful work. In the context of the education industry, tokenism can refer to the act of hiring a small number of Asian-American educators to appear diverse without giving them any absolute authority or opportunities for advancement. This paper will explore the prevalence of tokenism in the education industry, specifically as it relates to Asian-American educators. Using various contexts, this paper will discuss the implications of tokenism on the individuals who are included as tokens, the Asian-American community as a whole and the various obstacles that hinder the retention of Asian-American teachers and learners. Additionally, this paper will offer suggestions for combating tokenism in the education industry and creating more inclusive environments. This paper will also avail the justifications for recruiting more Asian educators, bridging cultural gaps in America, and highlighting future research problems. Tokenism is a harmful practice that has far-reaching implications. In the context of the education industry, tokenism can limit the career advancement opportunities of Asian-American educators and also deliver the message that Asian-Americans are incapable of being leaders in the field of education. Tokenism is a form of discrimination that should be addressed to create more inclusive environments in the education industry.

Clothing type can have a significant impact on the way people are perceived. In this study, we were interested in the effect of business versus casual clothing on the perception of Asian American women, given various stereotypes about them. We used a between-subjects design with a sample of college students from a university in the United States. Participants saw 3 Asian American women (and 1 European American woman to distract from the nature of the study) in either business attire or casual outfits, and rated each woman on a series of descriptors based off various stereotypes of Asian American women. We used the Scale of Anti-Asian American Stereotypes to measure internal prejudice toward Asian Americans and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory to measure sexism. The Scale of Anti-Asian American stereotypes was a significant covariate, F(4, 233) = 6.09, p < .001, ηp2 = .10. Participants rated models in business attire as less stereotypically Asian, F(1, 239) = 46.56, p < .001, ηp2 = .17, less sexualized, F(1, 239) = 12.91, p < .001, ηp2 = .05, and less invisible, F(1, 239) = 42.01, p < .001, ηp2 = .15. Our results show that stereotypes can indeed be influenced by business attire. It is important to note that future research may be oriented toward changing the attitudes of those who hold harmful stereotypes, rather than the actions (i.e., clothing choices) of the subjects of prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As 2020 came to a close we sat down with Thi Bui over Zoom to discuss her graphic narrative, The Best We Could Do, her recent collaboration on a children's book, A Different Pond (co-created with Bao Phi) and the urgency of her works in progress on climate change and immigrant detention and deportation. We discussed our generational responses to the Viet Nam War and her determination to reclaim the history of this American war from the perspective of the Vietnamese people. In an era where information is spread so quickly, often unreliably and indeed overwhelmingly, we recognise how important the slow journalism of comics continues to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the contributions of Helen and Theresa as immigrant women in Gish Jen's Typical American, chiefly their work as women in post-World War II America and their ability to pursue the American dream without a complete loss of their Chinese identity. As they become "typical" Americans, Helen and Theresa remain cognizant of cultural tension and forge meaningful connections to their ancestral past under the pressure to assimilate. This essay explores those connections in how Helen and Theresa keep a Chinese home and virtues, including an obligation to family, academic success, and the preservation of relationships. Unlike Ralph, Helen and Theresa draw from an experience of limitations in China, which enables them to navigate boundaries and pressures in American life. Through Helen and Theresa, Jen insinuates that the pursuit of the American dream obscures the contributions and labor of immigrant women. Their unrecognized efforts, whether providing a culturally rich home, financial support, family care, or supportive relationships, provide discreet and inconspicuous stability to the Chang family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has prompted a rise in stigma and discrimination against people of Asian descent in many areas in the world, including the United States1. Anti-Asian hate incidents, which have ranged from verbal attacks, refusal of service to physical assault, continue to transpire in the U.S., and they put psychological and physical well-being of Asian children at increased risk. Discussions toward reopening of U.S. schools thus far, however, seem to have exclusively included the infection-related concerns and pedagogical consequences of continued disruptions in face-to-face instructions. Hence, educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders need to have plans in place to ensure that reopening of schools will be a smooth experience for students of all backgrounds.

Coronavirus stigmatization may be disproportionately impacting ethnoracial minority groups in the US. We test three hypotheses: [H1] Asians in the US are more likely to report experiencing coronavirus stigmatization than non-Hispanic Whites; [H2] Coronavirus stigmatization is associated with psychological distress; [H3] Magnitude of association between coronavirus stigmatization and psychological distress is more pronounced among US-born Asians, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from the 10–31 March 2020 wave of the Understanding America Survey, a nationally representative survey of adults in the US. Psychological distress was assessed with the PHQ-4. Measures of association were estimated using multiple logistic regression and survey sampling weights. Predicted probabilities were calculated using marginal standardization (n = 6707). [H1] The adjusted predicted probability of experiencing any coronavirus stigma among foreign-born Asians (11.2%, 95% CI: 5.5–17.0%; E-value = 4.52), US-born Asians (10.9%, 95% CI: 5.8–16.0%; E-value = 4.23), Blacks (8.0%, 95% CI: 5.3–10.7%; E-value = 2.92), and Hispanic Whites (7.3%, 95% CI: 4.6–9.9%; E-value = 2.58) was significantly greater than non-Hispanic Whites (4.5%, 95% CI: 3.7–5.4%). [H2] Individuals reporting any coronavirus stigma experience were significantly more likely to exhibit psychological distress (19.9%, 95% CI: 14.6–25.2% vs 10.6%, 9.6–11.6%; E-value = 3.16). [H3] The overall magnitude of association between experience of any coronavirus stigma and psychological distress was not significantly between US-born Asians and non-Hispanic Whites, though we found gender to mask this effect. US-born Asian females who experienced coronavirus stigmatization were more likely to exhibit psychological distress than non-Hispanic white females who experienced coronavirus stigmatization (relative risk (RR): 10.21, 95% CI: 2.69–38.74 vs 1.24, 95% CI: 0.76–2.01; p < 0.01). Comprehensive measures around care seeking, public awareness, and disaggregated data collection are needed to address ethnoracial coronavirus stigmatization and its impact on psychological health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the benefits of a PN program for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening at Charles B. Wang Community Health Center (CBWCHC) in New York City from June 2012 to May 2015, estimate the cost of implementation, and describe time allocation patterns of PN activities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants of the CBWCHC in 2015. The electronic PN database was used to evaluate the program's effectiveness. New York State Department of Health budgeting and cost data were used to estimate the implementation cost. Self-reported activities of PNs were used to analyze time allocation patterns. A total of 3723 screen-eligible patients were contacted by PNs and 2552 (68.5%) completed at least one CRC screening test. Of these, 266 (10.4%) patients were diagnosed with precancerous polyps and two patients were diagnosed with CRC. The CRC screening rate at CBWCHC increased from 56% to 60% during the program period. The total cost was estimated to be $295,296.51 (in 2014 dollar terms). Overall, this relatively inexpensive CRC screening PN program was effective in increasing CRC screening in a low-income Asian-American community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is common in Lao Americans, but screening is suboptimal. To investigate CRC screening rates of Lao Americans in Minnesota, and how predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, and perceived need are associated with screening. We conducted a convenience-sample cross-sectional survey of 50–75-year-old Lao Americans, using step-wise multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with ever being screened. Of the 118 survey participants, 45% ever received CRC screening. In univariate regression, some enabling resources (having a primary care provider, higher self-efficacy in pursuing screening) and perceived needs (knowledge of who should be screened, higher number of chronic illnesses) were associated with screening. In multivariate logistic regression, the odds of ever being screened was 12.4 times higher for those with a primary care provider than for those without (p = 0.045). The findings reinforce a need for developing culturally tailored interventions focused on Lao-American immigrants to promote CRC screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"'The Art of Being Home': Home and Travel in Shirley Geok-lin Lim's Poetry" is an exploration of Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s poetics of travel and home anchored in a narrative tracking a day spent with the poet. It is a sequel to “Walking between Land and Water,” an essay published in Asiatic, in which I combine a personal encounter with the poet with an examination of the tropes of walking and liminality in her work. Here the focus is more on the motif and theme of home in the poet’s work, as the essay excavates the complexities and ambiguities of the meaning of home, from her first collection to recently published poems. This essay identifies the shifts in the poet’s idea of where and what home is, and examines how it forms a counterpoint to the poetics of travel and transnational mobility that informs her work. So far, critical attention has been more on her relationship with Malacca, her place of origin, than on her self-mappings in her adopted hometown of Santa Barbara. The essay gives a portrait of the poet at home, and highlights the increasing importance of Santa Barbara in her poetry.

We investigate Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) prevalence, incidence rate, and risk factors in individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian-American and assess sample representation. Prevalence, incidence rate, risk factors, and heterogeneity of samples were assessed. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, generating pooled estimates. Of 920 records across 14 databases, 45 studies were included. Individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian-American were mainly from Eastern and Southern Asia, had higher education, and constituted a smaller sample relative to non-Hispanic white cohorts. The average prevalence was 10.9%, ranging from 0.4% to 46%. The average incidence rate was 20.03 (12.01-33.8) per 1000 person-years with a range of 75.19-13.59 (12.89-14.33). Risk factors included physiological, genetic, psychological, behavioral, and social factors. This review underscores the systemic underrepresentation of individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian-American in ADRD research and the need for inclusive approaches accounting for culture, language, and immigration status. HIGHLIGHTS: There is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of ADRD among studies of Asian-Americans. There is limited data on group-specific risk factors for ADRD among Asian-Americans. The average prevalence of (ADRD) among Asian-Americans was found to be 7.4%, with a wide range from 0.5% to 46%., (© 2024 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)

Adolescents are most likely to receive mental health services in schools compared to other settings; however, few studies have examined barriers to mental health help seeking at school for ethnic minority adolescents. The current mixed-methods study utilized surveys and semi-structured interviews to explore the mental health literacy (MHL), stigma toward mental illness, and perceived barriers toward help seeking at middle or high schools among 55 adolescents (81.8% female; 50.0% Asian–American, 44.6% Latinx–American, 5.4% Asian/Latinx bi-racial; M age = 17.13 years, SD = 2.33). Participants' MHL was assessed using case vignettes that depicted adolescents with symptoms of depression or bulimia. Overall, 83.9% of participants correctly recognized depression and 57.1% correctly recognized bulimia from the vignettes. Stigma correlated with perceived helpfulness of the formal service providers (r = −.37, p <.01). Qualitative analysis of participant interviews revealed important knowledge, attitudinal, and practical barriers that inhibit Asian– and Latinx–American adolescents from seeking help for mental health problems at school. The current work has implications to assist school personnel and mental health providers in understanding and reducing barriers to help seeking for Asian– and Latinx–American adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study examines the experience of Korean-American women who had suicidal thoughts and/or used nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) during adolescence. This study aims to understand the etiology, help-seeking behaviors, and recovery of these young women. Eleven Korean-American women (mean age 26.7) were recruited and interviewed using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were coded using a grounded theoretical framework. Themes indicate that participants experienced poor relationships with a parent, an inability to process their difficulties, and academic success despite their behaviors. Participants also indicated feelings of perfectionism and did not seek help, resulting in a theme called the paradox of perfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Green Hornet television series (1966–67), with Bruce Lee in the role of Kato, the Green Hornet's sidekick, was broadcast in Hong Kong in 1968. In subsequent decades, characters referencing the Green Hornet emerged repeatedly in Hong Kong popular culture, and instead of being Anglo-American like the original Hornet, they have all been ethnically Chinese. Scholarship suggests that fans of color are excluded from identifying with or performing white characters based on their racialization; however, this does not appear to be the case for Hong Kong fans. I apply the concept of colonial mimicry to argue that Hong Kong fans arrived at ethnically Chinese inhabiting the Green Hornet by exploiting Kato's partial inclusion as an Asian American and as a sidekick. In addition, as a colonial audience, Hong Kong fans were well positioned to poach from a transcultural text such as The Green Hornet, and make this cross-racial move.

This article, in contrast with more traditional forms of scholarly engagement, draws heavily on an interview I conducted with my spouse, who is a physically disabled fan of science fiction and fantasy, to help illuminate some of the complexities of my own area of research, transcultural fandoms. Often, when we write about disability and fandom (to the extent that we do at all), our emphasis is on issues of the accessibility of physical and virtual fan spaces. I take that up here as well, metaphorically sobbing over yet another mobility scooter damaged at the hands of possibly well-intentioned airline staff; but the article quickly comes to focus more on the multiple subjectivities that inflect any experience of fandom, including that of disabled fans. Particularly insofar as my spouse is a disabled Asian-American (Japanese/Korean) man and experiences fandom through the sometimes-conflicting lenses of race and ethnicity, disability, gender and functional heteronormativity, the experiences and impressions he recounts here reflect my own work on the fundamentally transcultural nature of fandoms and fans, in which 'culture' denotes not only nation-centred practices, but also those of the many subjectivities that comprise our identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although establishing a sense of autonomy has been long thought to be a fundamental developmental task, there are still gaps in literature in terms of how autonomy changes over time and interacts with other important factors in adolescents' lives. In the present study, 158 (60% female; 74% second generation) Asian Americans were followed throughout high school and surveyed for self-reported autonomy, parent-child closeness, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms each year. Hierarchical linear modeling investigated whether autonomy changed over time, whether yearly changes in autonomy were related to changes in parent-child closeness, and whether both constructs were associated with adjustment. The results indicated that, although autonomy did not linearly increase over the high school years, intra-individual increases in autonomy were associated with increases in father-child closeness. Effects of mother-child closeness were similar, but only approached statistical significance. Autonomy and closeness to mother were each positively associated with self-esteem, and their interactive effect on depressive symptoms was also significant, which suggests that both autonomy and relatedness with mother are important for Asian American adolescents' psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE) is defined as the desire to express emotion but failing to do so. Recent studies have revealed that AEE is associated with more pain. Pain is common among cancer survivors. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between AEE and pain, its underlying mechanism, and cultural relevance among cancer survivors.Methods: Ninety-six Chinese American breast cancer survivors completed a questionnaire package assessing AEE and pain.Results: AEE was positively associated with pain severity and pain interference. The association between AEE and pain interference was mediated by intrusive thoughts.Conclusion: Cancer survivors who are ambivalent over emotional expression may experience high levels of intrusive thoughts, which results in high levels of symptom reports in their pain. The study confirmed the association between AEE and pain and its underlying mechanism among a group whose culture generally encourages emotional suppression. Findings suggest interventions focusing on reducing intrusive thoughts may be effective at reducing pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing the heterogeneity of the Asian population with regards to acculturation, education, health awareness, and cultural values is vital for tailoring culturally sensitive and appropriate care. Prior studies show that cultural values influence perceptions of genetics within Asian populations. The reputation of the family unit factors into decisions such as pregnancy termination and disclosure of family medical history, and the nondirective model of American genetic counseling may conflict with the historical Asian model of paternalistic health care. Previous studies also provide conflicting evidence regarding correlations between education, acculturation, age, and awareness and perceptions of genetic testing. The aims of this study were to describe attitudes towards prenatal genetics among Southeast and East Asian women living in the United States for varying amounts of time and to explore sociocultural factors influencing those attitudes. Twenty-three Asian women who were members of Asian cultural organizations in the United States were interviewed via telephone about their attitudes towards prenatal genetic counseling, prenatal genetic testing, and termination of pregnancy. Responses were transcribed and coded for common themes using a thematic analysis approach. Four major themes emerged. In general, participants: (1) had diverse expectations for genetic counselors; (2) tended to weigh risks and benefits with regards to genetic testing decisions; (3) had mixed views on termination for lethal and non-lethal genetic conditions; and (4) identified cultural factors which influenced testing and termination such as lack of available resources, societal shame and stigma, and family pressure. These findings may allow prenatal genetic counselors to gain a richer, more nuanced understanding of their Asian patients and to offer culturally tailored prenatal genetic counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the reception and representation of the Colour Field artist, Natvar Bhavsar (b 1934), and his paintings in art historical and critical discourses. It argues that American art discourse continues to misinterpret the proposals made by Asian American artists like Bhavsar because it maintains categories and narratives of Abstract Expressionism devised by nationalist critics from the 1950s and 1960s. An alternative analytic framework is then proposed in this article based on the understanding that Modernism was practiced globally and that modern artists identified themselves and their practice of abstraction as transnational. With these two conditions of transnationalism structuring this study, Bhavsar, as an Asian American artist, is represented in a more accurate manner. The racial and ethnic identities of the artist are not viewed as the originating cause of the work, but as one of several vectors of influence that are woven into his practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN: En este ensayo se reclama la poesía de Marilyn Chin como un posible referente cultural para la cultura española actual por su planteamiento de una identidad híbrida (en su caso chino-americana). Se va trazando una breve biografía de la poeta al hilo de un análisis crítico de diferentes poemas incluidos en los tres poemarios publicados hasta la fecha (algunos de los poemas tratados son «Elegy for Chloe Nguyen», «Beijing Spring», «Tienanmen, the Aftermath», «A Portrait of the Self as a Nation, 1990-1991», «Hospital Interlude», y «How I Got That Name: An Essay on Assimilation»). En el caso de «Hospital Interlude», el ensayo presenta la primera traducción de este poema al castellano. La exploración de los poemas se hace desde un análisis de la relación entre las nociones de identidad, género y etnicidad con las nociones de hibridación, asimilación cultural, y autobiografía. Este artículo presenta la propuesta que Marilyn Chin plantea ante la disyuntiva identitaria de los Estados Unidos (que tuvo lugar en los años ochenta y noventa) y que se hallaba dividido entre las alternativas de «melting pot» o «nación de naciones». Marilyn Chin propone «cosmopolitismo interno» en los Estados Unidos, una reflexión sobre la manera en que se ponen en juego identidad nacional, sexualidad, la etinicidad y la otredad. ABSTRACT: This essay reclaims Marilyn Chin’s poetry as a useful referent for Contemporary Spain, since her poetry explores the notion of hybrid identity. Along a brief biography of a the poet, the essay critically analyses some of the poems included in the three collections published to date (such as «Elegy for Chloe Nguyen», «Beijing Spring», «Tienanmen, the Aftermath», «A Portrait of the Self as a Nation, 1990-1991», «Hospital Interlude», and «How I Got That Name: An Essay on Assimilation»). The essay attempts the first translation into Spanish of «Hospital Interlude». The interpretation of the poems explores the relationship between the notions of identity, gender and ethnicity with those of hibridity, cultural assimilation and autobiography. This article argues that Marilyn Chin proposes a new alternative to the disjunctive «melting pot» versus «nation of nations»: that of an «inner cosmopolitism», a «radical strangeness» derived from the inquire into the relationships between national identity, sexuality, ethnicity and otherness.

The term "Asian American" emerged on college campuses in the 1960s to replace the term "Oriental." It was a political term, chosen by students to gather people from different ethnic communities under one pan-ethnic banner. We examine the representation of Asian American materials in the first twenty-one editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and discusses the findings in relation to the history of the term "Asian American." We aim to 1) relate existing literature on bias and knowledge organization to Asian American studies and critical race theories including the possessive investment in whiteness and racial formation; 2) compare the history of the term "Asian American" as a selfidentifying term to the evolution of the term in DDC; and 3) lay a historical foundation from which to consider the treatment of the term "Asian American" in the contemporary DDC and by extension other modern knowledge organization systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the stress process model (SPM), this study investigated the direct and indirect pathways of primary (negative self-image and life stress), secondary stressors (family communication strain) and family coping (external and internal) on mental health outcomes among Chinese- and Korean-American breast cancer survivors (BCS). A total of 156 Chinese- and Korean-American BCS were surveyed. Results showed primary and secondary stressors had a negative effect on better mental health outcomes. External coping was associated with better mental health. Family communication strain mediated the relationship between life stress and mental health outcomes. External coping mediated the relationship between family communication strain and mental health outcomes. Multi-group analysis revealed the stress process did not differ across ethnic groups. Findings suggest the SPM may be applicable to understand the stress process of Chinese- and Korean-American BCS and provide valuable insight into the role of family communication and external coping on mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Recent data suggest that Asian-Americans (AsAs) are more likely to present with advanced disease when diagnosed with cancer. We sought to determine whether AsAs are under-utilizing recommended cancer screening.Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System comprising of AsAs and non-Hispanic White (NHW) community-dwelling individuals (English and Spanish speaking) eligible for colorectal, breast, cervical, or prostate cancer screening according to the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendations. Age, education and income level, residence location, marital status, health insurance, regular access to healthcare provider, and screening were extracted. Complex samples logistic regression models quantified the effect of race on odds of undergoing appropriate screening. Data were analyzed in 2015.Results: Weighted samples of 63.3, 33.3, 47.9, and 30.3 million individuals eligible for colorectal, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer screening identified, respectively. In general, AsAs were more educated, more often married, had higher levels of income, and lived in urban/suburban residencies as compared to NHWs (all p < 0.05). In multivariable analyses, AsAs had lower odds of undergoing colorectal (odds ratio [OR] 0.78, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.96), cervical (OR 0.45, 95 % CI 0.36-0.55), and prostate cancer (OR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.39-0.78) screening and similar odds of undergoing breast cancer (OR 1.29, 95 % CI 0.92-1.82) screening as compared to NHWs.Conclusions: AsAs are less likely to undergo appropriate screening for colorectal, cervical, and prostate cancer. Contributing reasons include limitations in healthcare access, differing cultural beliefs on cancer screening and treatment, and potential physician biases. Interventions such as increasing healthcare access and literacy may improve screening rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]