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AbstractsChapter 1 The Nearctic species of Saropogon Loew, 1847 north of Mexico are reviewed, with 19 species recognized and one described as new: Saropogon pyrodes sp. nov. from Arizona. This previously recognized new species has awaited description since its first collection in 1964. Only after a community scientist posted photographs taken in nature to an online database did its description become a priority. All species of Saropogon occurring in the Nearctic Region north of the Mexican border have been reexamined. Photographs and diagnoses of all species are provided with a distribution map of the included specimens studied. An updated key to the Nearctic species north of Mexico is provided. Finally, the need for a review of the diverse Mexican fauna is expressed. Chapter 2 More than 3,400 Asilidae specimens with their associated prey have been specimen-level databased, by examining 15 natural history collections in the USA. The orders of arthropods preyed upon are, in order of representation, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Blattodea, Odonata, Araneae, Neuroptera, Thysanoptera, Siphonaptera, and Trichoptera. Asilidae genera with sufficient data to warrant special attention are: Asilinae (Efferia, Mallophora, Megaphorus, Proctacanthus, Promachus, and Triorla), Brachyrhopalinae (Ceraturus, Cyrtopogon, Heteropogon, Holopogon, and Nicocles), Dasypogoninae (Diogmites and Saropogon), Dioctriinae (Dioctria), Laphriinae (Atomosia and Laphria), Leptogastrinae (Leptogaster), Ommatiinae (Ommatius), Stenopogoninae (Callinicus, Microstylum, Ospriocerus, Scleropogon, and Stenopogon), Stichopogoninae (Stichopogon), and Trigonomiminae (Holcocephala). Most Asilidae prefer a generalist or polyphagous diet consisting of only arthropod prey. However, several genera appear oligophagous – Ceraturgus on Coleoptera, Diogmites on Hymenoptera, Laphria on Lampyridae, Mallophora on Apidae, Megaphorus on Hymenoptera, Nicocles on Diptera, Ospriocerus on Meloidae, Promachus on Apidae, Saropogon on Hymenoptera, and Stichopogon on Diptera. This dataset also supports previous findings that female asilid predators outnumbered males in a 1.5 to 1 ratio. Chapter 3Assassin flies (Diptera: Asilidae) are a diverse family that plays an essential ecological role as top aerial and venomous predators. Little is known about the evolution of their predatory habits. This study provides a novel phylogenetic hypothesis of Asilidae along with prey preference and ancestral state reconstruction in a maximum likelihood framework. This study is based on 176 assassin fly species, 35 Asiloidea outgroup species, prey preference data accumulated from literature and museum collections, and approximately 7,913 bp of nuclear DNA from five genes (18S and 28S rDNA, AATS, CAD, and EF-1alpha protein-encoding DNA) and mitochondrial DNA from one gene (COI). Of the 12 asilid subfamilies included in the analysis the monophyly of six was supported. We used ancestral state reconstruction and stochastic character mapping to test whether a polyphagous arthropod predator is the ancestral state for Asilidae. Assassin flies are polyphagous arthropod predators, with specialized arthropod prey preferences evolving 20 independently across the Asilidae phylogeny.

The Diptera fauna of the Galápagos Archipelago is updated and an annotated checklist is presented. Currently 50 families, 207 genera, and a minimum of 324 species are recorded from the islands. Approximately 107 species are considered to have arrived on the Galápagos Islands through human introductions, an estimated 101 species are considered endemic, 42 species have naturally colonized the islands from mainland Americas, 21 species are either introduced or arrived naturally and 53 species remain unidentified. The following new combination is proposed: Chrysanthrax primitivus (Walker) is moved to Hemipenthes Loew as H. primitivus (Walker) comb. nov. All references to the Galápagos taxonomic literature are included, known island species distributions listed and general remarks on the biology of many species are provided.

To celebrate the 80th birthday of Jason G.H. Londt, we present a collection of articles in his honour. This introduction includes a summary of Jason’s life and career, an overview of the articles in the Festschrift, lists of his scientific and popular publications and a list of species named in his honour. Jason’s contribution to Mecoptera and Asilidae research in the Afrotropics is discussed, highlighting the impressive contributions he has made to the taxonomy, biology and ecology in both groups.

A taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914, was performed and only two species are included: Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, 1973 and Ctenodontina pectinatipes Enderlein, 1914. Catostola Hull, 1958 stat. rev., a genus that was previously allocated as junior synonym of Ctenodontina has its status revalidated and justifications for this nomenclatural act are presented. Consequently, seven species previously allocated in Ctenodontina were transferred to Catostola stat. rev.: Catostola baleta (Walker, 1849) comb. nov., Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958 comb. rev., Catostola complicata (James, 1953) comb. nov., Catostola martini (Fisher, 1992) comb. nov., Catostola maya (Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953) comb. rev., Catostola nairae (Vieira, 2012) comb. nov., and Catostola sagta (Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017) comb. nov. All species were redescribed and illustrated, except Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958 comb. rev., and Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, 1973, for which only diagnosis were provided. A new species Catostola indecisa sp. nov., was described and illustrated. In addition, new distribution records were provided for Catostola baleta comb. nov., Catostola martini comb. nov., Catostola maya comb. rev., Catostola nairae comb. nov., and Catostola sagta comb. nov. An identification key to all species is provided including distribution maps with previous and new records.

Dasypogon is a widely distributed Palearctic genus. This contribution reviews the species from Central Europe. Two species are identified, including one new species—Dasypogon diabolicus sp. nov. An identification key of the Central European species and descriptions of the male and female of both species are provided along with illustrations of the habitus and male and female terminalia. An updated map with species distributions is presented, and a new corrected list of synonyms of D. diadema is proposed. The following new synonymy is established: Leptarthrus brevirostris (Meigen, 1804) = Dasypogon caudatus Bigot, 1881 syn. nov.

In this work, a taxonomic review of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 is performed and its two included species namely, Cerozodus brachylobus Vieira, Rafael & Limeira-de-Oliveira, 2013 and Cerozodus nodicornis (Wiedemann, 1828) are redescribed and two new species from Brazil are described, Cerozodus ayalai sp. nov. and Cerozodus platylobus sp. nov. Illustrations of male and female, including their respective terminalia are presented. A key for all species is proposed and an updated map with the distribution records is presented.

The present paper describes a sampling-event dataset on species belonging to two families of Diptera (Syrphidae and Asilidae) collected between 2012 and 2019 in two Italian beech forests located in the central Apennines. The reference dataset consists of an annotated checklist and has been published on Zenodo. Syrphidae and Asilidae are two widespread and key ecological groups, including predator, pollinator and saproxylic species. Despite their pivotal role in both natural and man-made ecosystems, these families are still poorly known in terms of local distribution and open-access sampling-event data are rare in Italy. This open-access dataset includes 2,295 specimens for a total of 21 Asilidae and 65 Syrphidae species. Information about the collection (e.g. place, date, methods applied, collector) and the identification (e.g. species name, author, taxon ID) of the species is provided. Given the current biodiversity crisis, the publication of checklists, sampling-event data and datasets on insect communities in open-access repositories is highly recommended, as it represents the opportunity to share biodiversity information amongst different stakeholders. Moreover, such data are also a valuable source of information for nature reserve managers responsible for monitoring the conservation status of protected and endangered species and habitats and for evaluating the effects of conservation actions over time.

Genus Andrenosoma Rondani undetermined species (E. M. Fisher pers. comm.). Distribution. Endemic (E. M. Fisher pers. comm.). Galápagos: Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal. Remarks. This species has been collected in both humid and arid zones. This group of asilid flies are obligate fallen-tree dwellers, with adults perching on recently felled tree stems. Larvae of this group inhabit burrows of wood-boring beetles (E. M. Fisher pers. comm.)., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667

aridus Scarbrough Ommatius aridus Scarbrough, 2002: 201. Scarbrough 1984: 619 [remarks]. Ommatius marginellus of authors (misidentification): Coquillett 1901a: 374 [records]; Johnson 1924: 87 [records]; Curran 1932: 350 [records]; Linsley & Usinger, 1966: 167 [checklist]. Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Floreana, Isabela, Santa Cruz, Santiago. Remarks. This species is confined to arid zones of the islands. Adults are twig-tip perchers (E.M. Fisher pers. comm.)., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667, {"references":["Scarbrough, A. G. (2002) Synopsis of the Neotropical holosericeus complex of the genus Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera: Asilidae): ampliatus and holosericeus species groups. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 128 (2 + 3), 133 - 222.","Scarbrough, A. G. (1984) Four species of Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera: Asilidae) from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 86 (3), 619 - 629.","Coquillett, D. W. (1901 a) Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Expedition, 1898 - 1899. II. Entomological results (2): Diptera. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 371 - 379. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26343","Johnson, C. W. (1924) Diptera of the Williams Galapagos Expedition. Zoologica, 5 (8), 85 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 190334","Curran, C. H. (1932) [The Norwegian Zoological Expedition to the Galapagos Islands 1925, conducted by Alf Wollebaek. IV.] Diptera (excl. of Tipulidae and Culicidae). Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 71, 347 - 366.","Linsley, E. G. & Usinger, R. L. (1966) Insects of the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 33 (7), 113 - 196."]}

Beyond Asilidae: The collecting effort of Dr Jason Londt as represented by non-Asilidae Diptera, Hemiptera and Mecoptera, housed in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum, South Africa

Presentation slides given at Smithsonian NMNH on May 1st, 2023

Se presenta un listado ilustrado actualizado de las 66 especies de Asilidae (Diptera) reportadas de Nicaragua. 40 registros son nuevos para Nicaragua.

Se presenta un listado ilustrado actualizado de las 66 especies de Asilidae (Diptera) reportadas de Nicaragua. 40 registros son nuevos para Nicaragua.

Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Figs 1–8) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914: 260. Type species, Ctenodontina pectinatipes Enderlein, 1914 (original designation); Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953: 77 (new species, comments); Hull, 1962 (2): 480 (synopsis of world fauna); Martin & Papavero, 1970: 70 (catalogue); Lamas, 1972: 313 (catalogue); Lamas, 1973: 275 (new species, key); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36 (Lecania -group, catalogue; Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue); Vieira, 2012: 2, fig. 1 (new species, key); Vieira, 2014: 314 (female description, comments); Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 290, figs. 1, 5 (new species, comments, key); Lamas & Camargo, 2021 (online catalogue); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 270, 278, figs. 1–3 (female description, key). Diagnosis. Face slightly pronounced at oral margin (Fig. 1A); ocellar tubercle with proclinate setae; palpus with one segment; postpedicel conical (Fig. 5D); stylus weakly enlarged sub-apically (Fig. 5A, C); thorax with 2 notopleural, 1 supra alar and 1 postalar macroseta (Fig. 5G); scutellum without macrosetae, only with sparse and very short discal and marginal setae (Fig. 5F); wings with bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell; cells m 3 and cua closed and petiolate (Figs 1A, 5E); legs yellow to reddish (Figs 1A–C, 3A, 4A, 7); hind femur of males with a subrectangular projection with short and stout macrosetae (Fig. 1A–C) or with 5 stout projections ending in black teeth (Fig. 7); hind tibia of males with basal third curved with a ventral hollow (Fig. 1A–C) or sigmoid (Fig. 7A–B, F); terminalia reddish to black (Figs 1D–E, 5H, 6); epandrial arms slender and thick up to the rounded apices; S8 with a mid-posterior projection bilobed apically (Fig. 2D) or Y-shaped (Fig. 6F) always ending before the apex of the epandrium; females with terminalia laterally compressed (Fig. 3B–D); T8 as long as T6 and T7 combined (Fig. 3B–D); two rounded spermathecae (Fig. 3E); median sclerite present. Distribution (Fig. 8). Peru (Tumbes, Piura and La Libertad) and Colombia (Caldas). Ctenodontina mochica occurs in the west side of the Andes in a dry coastal area (Lamas, 1973) and Ctenodontina pectinatipes in a valley between Cordillera Central and Oriental of the Andes in Colombia (Fig. 8). Catostola baleta comb. nov., also occurs in the same valley in Colombia (Fig. 44). So far, it is the only Catostola stat. rev. species that occurs in sympatry with Ctenodontina. Taxonomic discussion. Ctenodontina can be distinguished from other genera of the Lecania -group mainly by the presence of very distinctive projections on the hind femur of males, ventrally, sub-apically, and with the anterior third of hind tibia in males curved or sigmoid (Figs 1B–C, 7). As previously pointed out by Hull (1962) and Sánchez & Camargo (2021) Ctenodontina seems to be more related to Lecania than to Catostola stat. rev., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Enderlein, G. (1914) Dipterologische Studien. XI. Zur Kenntnis tropisher Asiliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 44 (6), 241 - 263.","Carrera, M & d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1953) Asilideos do Peru (Diptera). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (9), 63 - 78.","Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the world. The genera of the family Asilidae. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin, 294 (1 & 2), 1 - 432 & 433 - 907. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.224","Martin, C. H. & Papavero, N. (1970) Family Asilidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 35 b. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S \" o Paulo, S \" o Paulo, pp 1 - 139.","Lamas, G. M. (1972) A catalogue of Peruvian Asilidae (Diptera), with keys to the identification and descriptions of two new species. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 15 (2), 304 - 316.","Lamas, G. M. (1973) Some comments on the genus Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera, Asilidae), with the description of a new species from coastal Peru. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 26 (23), 275 - 280.","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56.","Papavero, N. (2009) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera, 17, 1 - 178.","Vieira, R. (2012) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): First record for Brazil and description of a new species. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5402 / 2012 / 517410","Vieira, R. (2014) Description of the female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae), with new distribution records. Revista Brasileira de Entmologia, 58 (4), 313 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014005000005","Vieira, R., Ayala-Landa, J. M. & Rafael, J. A. (2017) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): new combinations, synonyms, new species and new records for Argentina. Zootaxa, 4216 (3), 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4216.3.5","Lamas, C. J. E. & Camargo, A. (2021) Asilidae. In: Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / faunadobrasil / 564 (accessed 26 August 2021)","Sanchez, P. & Camargo, A. (2021) Description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, revalidation of Ctenodontina carrerai (Hull) stat. rev., and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of Peruvian species of Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae). Zootaxa, 5027 (2), 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.2.7"]}

Identification key to species of Ctenodontina and Catostola stat. rev. (males) 1. Sternite 8 with a mid-posterior projection bilobed (Fig. 2C–D) or Y-shaped (Fig. 6B, D–G) and always ending before the apex of the epandrium (Figs 1D, 2A, C, 6B, D–G); epandrial arms rounded distally (Figs 2A–C, 6), slender and thick until the rounded apex (Figs 2A–C, 6); hind femur of males with a subrectangular projection with short and stout macrosetae (Fig. 1A–C) or with 5 stout projections ending in black teeth (Figs 4A, 7A–E); hind tibia of males curved (Fig. 1B–C) or sigmoid (Fig. 7B, F)on basal third; females with tergite 8 compressed laterally and S8 without ventral keel (Fig. 3A–D).................................................................................................. Ctenodontina …2 1’. Sternite 8 with a mid-posterior projection rounded apically and ending beyond the apex of the epandrial arms (Figs 10E, 17E, 23E, 28E, 33E, 39E); epandrial arms narrowing towards tip, finger-like apically, more or less laterally compressed since the base (Figs 11E, 15F, 20E, 24E, 29E, 34E, 40E); hind femur of males with (Figs 14C, 26, 37) or without swelling (if swelling present, rounded and small) (Figs 9A, 16A, 17C, 18A, 27A, 38A); hind tibia of males always straight (Figs 9A, 14C, 16A, 17C, 18A, 22A, 26, 27A, 32A, 37, 38A); females with abdominal tergite 8 expanded laterally (Figs 13B–C, 31B–C, 36B–C, 42B–C) and S8 ventrally with a keel (Figs 13D, 31D, 36D, 42D)..................................... Catostola stat. rev. …3 2. Mystax entirely white (Fig. 1A); hind femur with a subrectangular projection (sack-like), with short, stout macrosetae (Fig. 2A–C); hind tibia curved (Fig. 37B–C).................................. Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, 1973 (Peru). 2’. Mystax white with a few black setae dorsally (Fig. 4C–D); hind femur with 5 ventral projections (comb-like) with apical stout black teeth (Figs 4A, 7A–E); hind tibia sigmoid (Fig. 7A–B, F)...... Ctenodontina pectinatipes Enderlein, 1914 (Colombia). 3. Hind femur of males with a ventral, small, rounded swelling with short, stout macrosetae (Figs 14C, 26, 37)............. 4 3’. Hind femur of males without ventral swelling (Figs 9A, 16A, 17C, 18A, 27A, 38A)................................ 6 4. Femoral swelling shallow, inconspicuous and almost indistinct (Figs 14C, 32A, 37); epandrium only with a smooth indentation on its dorsal margin at mid-length (Fig. 34E) or without indentation (Fig. 15A–B, 15F); epandrial apex ending in a distal pointed process (Figs 15A–B, F, 34E); gonocoxite pointed with apex sickle-like shaped apically (Figs 15G–H, 35D–E).... 5 4’ Femoral swelling pronounced, conspicuous and distinct (Figs 22A, 26); epandrium with a conspicuous indentation on its dorsal margin at mid-length (Fig. 24E); epandrial apex rounded without apical distal process (Fig. 24E); gonocoxite expanded and rounded apically (Fig. 25D–E).............. Catostola maya (Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953) comb. rev. (Peru and Bolivia). 5. Anterior margin of epandrium elongate, tapering towards apex (Fig. 34E); dorsal epandrial margin with a gentle indentation dorsally at mid-length (Fig. 34E); epandrium process long, very conspicuous apically with apical projection almost straight, only slightly curved downwards (Fig. 34E)... Catostola sagta (Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017) comb. nov. (Argentina). 5’ Anterior margin of epandrium not elongate, almost parallel length until epandrium mid-length (Fig. 15A–B, F); dorsal epandrial margin without indentation, gently concave (Fig. 15A–B, F); epandrium process small apically with apical projection curved downwards (Fig. 15A–B, F)....................................... Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958 comb. rev. (Peru). 6. Epandrium with finger-like projection placed dorsally (Figs 11E, 17D–E, 20E, 40E); cercus without macrosetae; subepandrial sclerite without ventral keel (Figs 12H–I, 17D–F, 21H–I, 41H–I)................................................ 7 6’. Epandrium strongly excavated dorsally with finger-like projection placed ventrally (Fig. 29E); cercus with short stout macrosetae at apex ventrally (Fig. 30H–I); subepandrial sclerite with a ventral keel (Fig. 30H)....................................................................... Catostola nairae (Vieira, 2012) comb. nov. (Ecuador, Brazil, Peru and Bolivia). 7. Hind femur entirely black (Figs 18A, 38A)................................................................. 8 7’. Hind femur yellow with black distal third and with an anterodorsal black stripe fading proximally (Figs 9A, 16A)......... 9 8. Epandrial finger-like projection slightly dilated sub-apically (Fig. 20E); gonocoxite strongly narrowing sub-apically (Fig. 21D– E); subepandrial sclerite without projections ventrally (Fig. 21H–I)........................................................................................... Catostola martini (Fisher, 1992) comb. nov. (Mexico and Guatemala). 8’. Epandrial finger-like projection not dilated sub-apically, smoothly curved (Fig. 40E); gonocoxite strongly narrowing at mid-length (Fig. 41D–E); subepandrial sclerite with an Y-shaped inverted ventral projection (Fig. 41H–I)....................................................................................... Catostola indecisa sp. nov. (Costa Rica). 9. Epandrium strongly constricted at mid-length forming the epandrial finger-like projection, slightly longer than half of epandrial length (Fig. 17D–E) with apex truncate (Fig. 17D–E); S8 with mid-posterior projection constricted at base (Fig. 17G)......................................................... Catostola complicata (James, 1953) comb. nov. (Honduras). 9’. Epandrium strongly constricted only sub-apically forming the epandrial finger-like projection with less than 1/3 of epandrial length (Fig. 11E) with apex pointed (Fig. 11E); S8 with mid-posterior projection without constriction at base (Fig. 11D)............................................... Catostola baleta (Walker, 1849) comb. nov. (Colombia and Venezuela)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 68-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Lamas, G. M. (1973) Some comments on the genus Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera, Asilidae), with the description of a new species from coastal Peru. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 26 (23), 275 - 280.","Enderlein, G. (1914) Dipterologische Studien. XI. Zur Kenntnis tropisher Asiliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 44 (6), 241 - 263.","Carrera, M & d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1953) Asilideos do Peru (Diptera). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (9), 63 - 78.","Vieira, R., Ayala-Landa, J. M. & Rafael, J. A. (2017) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): new combinations, synonyms, new species and new records for Argentina. Zootaxa, 4216 (3), 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4216.3.5","Hull, F. M. (1958) New genera of robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (3), 317 - 324.","Vieira, R. (2012) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): First record for Brazil and description of a new species. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5402 / 2012 / 517410","Fisher, E. M. & Hespenheide, H. A. (1992) Taxonomy and biology of Central American Robber Flies with an illustrated key to genera (Diptera: Asilidae). In: Quintero Arias, D. & Aiello, A. (Eds.), Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York and Tokyo, pp. 611 - 632.","James, M. T. (1953) The Diptera collected on the Cockerell and Hubbell Expedition to Honduras: Part II. Asilidae. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 43 (2), 46 - 57.","Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. British Museum, London, pp. 231 - 484."]}

Catostola martini (Fisher, 1992) comb. nov. (Figs 18–21, 44) Pachychoeta maya Martin, 1975: 87, fig. 78. Ctenodontina martini Fisher in Fisher & Hespenheide, 1992: 630, note 7 (combination and nomen novum for Ctenodontina maya (Martin, 1975), junior homonym of Ctenodontina maya Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue); Fisher, 2009: 619 (Manual of Central American Diptera); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 278 (key). Lecania maya; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 38 (catalogue). Diagnosis. Face yellowish grey pruinose; mystacal macrosetae white, except by 5 dorsal black macrosetae (Fig. 18C–D); second article of stylus long and slender, weakly enlarged subapically (Fig. 19A–B); thorax brownish grey pruinose with dark brown pruinose paramedian stripes (Fig. 18B); hind femur completely black (Fig. 18A); terminalia shining black (Figs 19E–G); S8 golden yellow to brown setose with a few long black macrosetae on mid-posterior projection ventrally and apically, mid-posterior projection rectangular (Figs 19E, G, 20D); epandrium ending in a finger-like projection, pointed distally (Figs 19E–G, 20E); gonocoxite sickle-shaped laterally (Fig. 21D–E). Redescription. Paratype male (Figs 18–21). Head (Fig. 18C–D): eyes black; face yellowish grey pruinose; mystacal macrosetae white, except by 5 dorsal black macrosetae (Fig. 18C–D); subvibrissal macrosetae and setae white; gena yellowish white pruinose; palpus black with white macrosetae and setae; proboscis black, labial setae yellowish, proboscial setae white; antennal socket black, brownish yellow pruinose; frons brownish yellow pruinose; orbital setae black with a few dark brown and yellowish setae mixed; ocellar tubercle black, brownish yellow pruinose with a single, proclinate, dark brown setae; vertex brown pruinose; occiput white pruinose; 5–6 black postocular macrosetae, other dorsal occipital setae whitish; lateral occipital and lower occipital setae white, slightly branched. Antenna: scape and pedicel black, slightly reddish apically, black setose with a few yellowish setae ventrally on scape and pedicel, both sparsely yellowish pruinose; postpedicel black, brownish pruinose with 4–5 short yellowish setae dorsally at base; stylus black, first article minute, second article long and slender, weakly enlarged subapically ending in a reddish tip (Fig. 19A–B). Thorax (Fig. 18A–B): brownish grey pruinose; antepronotum and postpronotum brownish grey laterally; scutum with a pair of dark brown pruinose paramedian stripes rounded anteriorly, laterally and fading after postsutural spots; pre and postsutural spots and prescutellar spots dark brown pruinose; scutum laterally after paramedian stripe, yellowish pruinose, median stripe, transverse suture and posterior area of scutum brownish grey pruinose; triangular apruinose black spot at posterior scutal margin; postalar wall and scutellum brownish grey pruinose (Fig. 19D); pleura greyish pruinose, except anterodorsal part of proepimeron and anepisternum brownish grey pruinose. Chaetotaxy: antepronotal macrosetae and setae yellowish; 2 notopleural; 2 supra alar; 1 postalar and 5 pairs of dorsocentral postsutural black macrosetae; scutum with short black acrostichal setae; scutellum with short sparse black discal marginal scutellar setae (Fig. 19D); anepisternum with short, thin yellowish and black setae dorsally; katatergite with white macrosetae and setae; remainder of pleura with thin and very sparse whitish setae. Wings (Fig. 19C): brownish translucent; veins dark brown, reddish at base of wing; R 4 slightly rounded in the junction with R 5 ; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of two crossvein r-m; crossvein r-m shortly after the middle of discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of one crossvein m-m; cells m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: dark yellow, knob dark brown at base. Legs (Fig. 18A): coxae and trochanters black, greyish pruinose; fore femur yellow, mid femur yellow with apical third black; hind femur black; fore tibia yellow, only slightly reddish apically; mid tibia dark yellow on basal half and dark reddish on apical half becoming dark brown apically; hind tibia black with a yellow spot posterodorsally on basal half; tarsi black, except first tarsomere of fore and mid tarsi dark reddish brown. Chaetotaxy: coxae with white macrosetae and setae; hind trochanter with 3 posterior yellow macrosetae; fore femur with 11–12 ventral yellowish macrosetae; mid femur with 4–5 ventral (yellowish), 5 anteroventral (proximal yellowish), 3 anterior, 1 posterodorsal preapical and 3 posterior (all yellow) black macrosetae; hind femur with 1 anteroventral preapical, 2 anterior (proximal yellow), 1 anterodorsal preapical, 1 posterodorsal preapical black macrosetae; fore and mid femora black setose anterodorsally and yellowish posteroventrally, hind femur yellowish setose, only a few black setae anterodorsally subapically; fore tibia with black macrosetae and short sparse yellowish setae, only a few black mixed; mid tibia with black macrosetae and short setae, only a few yellowish mixed; hind tibia with black macrosetae and short setae; tarsi with black macrosetae and setae; brush setae golden reddish yellow; pulvilli and empodium dark reddish; claws black, dark reddish basally. Abdomen (Fig. 18A–B): black, dark brown pruinose, except laterally on T1–5 with grey pruinosity forming triangular spots at posterior corners and almost connecting at mid-posterior margin; T6 and 7 almost completely grey pruinose, except mid-dorsally dark brown pruinose; T1 with 6 white marginal lateral macrosetae and a tuft of long white setae; T2–3 with 4 white lateral marginal macrosetae; T5 and 6 only with long white setae at posterior margin; other short appressed dorsal setae whitish, lateral setae white; sternites greyish white pruinose; sternites sparsely white setose. Terminalia (Figs 19E–G, 20, 21): shining black, except cercus dark brown, posterior half of gonocoxite and gonostylus and anterior mid-ventral part of S8 dark reddish brown (Fig. 19G); T8 black setose, a few reddish brown setae at posterior corners; cercus reddish brown setose (Figs 19E–F, 20F); S8 golden yellow to brown setose with a few long black macrosetae on mid-posterior projection ventral and apically, mid-posterior projection rectangular (Figs 19E, G, 20D); epandrium with long and thin black setae at mid-anterior dorsal margin and a few short black setae at anterior ventral margin, and with 2 reddish yellow macrosetae mid ventrally, epandrial apical finger-like projection with short yellow setae apically (Fig. 19E–G) ending in a pointed tip (Fig. 20E); hypandrium with a concave indentation at posterior margin (Fig. 20G); gonocoxite curving upwards at mid-length and strongly tapering towards the rounded tip, sickle-shaped laterally (Fig. 21D–E), with a short condyle dorsally (Fig. 21D–E); which connects to the epandrial arm; gonocoxal apodeme straight (Fig. 21A–E); gonostylus constricted sub-apically forming a conic, rounded tip, blade-like ventrally (Fig. 21F); ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped, directed posteriorly; phallus with prongs long and thin (Fig. 21A, G); cercus and subepandrial sclerite short with rounded apex (Fig. 21H–I). Length. Body: 16.5 mm; wing: 12 mm. Female. According to Martin (1975): “…similar to the male, lateral margin of tergites more extensively grey than in male, the keel of S8 with spines, hypoproct with spines ventrally, numerous thin setae obscure the keel…” Female specimens of this species were not available for this study. Variation. Hind femur with 2 anteroventral preapical black macrosetae. Taxonomic discussion. In the examined paratypes 2 supra alar macrosetae were observed. However, a second and stout macrosetae can be observed in specimens of other Catostola species indicating that this character can be highly variable. Catostola martini comb. nov. can be distinguished from other species mainly by the combination of the following characteristics: the absence of a femoral swelling on hind femora of males (Fig. 18A); hind femora entirely black (Fig. 18A); the epandrium with a finger-like projection (Figs 19E, 20E) and the S8 with a mid-posterior rectangular projection (Figs 19G, 20D). Distribution (Fig. 44). Mexico (Chiapas, Yucatán) and Guatemala (Escuintla, Suchitepéquez). Material examined. Paratypes. Musté [15°15′45″N 92°24′07″W], Chiapas, MEX [ICO], 15.viii.1968, E.C. Welling M. / PARATYPE Pachichoeta maya Chas. H. Martin (Fig. 18A [insert]) (1♁ MZUSP); Musté, Chiapas, MEXICO, vii.25.1969 / PARATYPE Pachichoeta maya Chas. H. Martin (1♁ MZUSP). Additional material. Variedades [14°24′59″N, 91°15′59″W], Such.[itepéquez] [Departamento] GUATE . [MALA] 500 ft. i-ix-1947 (1♁ AMNH)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Fisher, E. M. & Hespenheide, H. A. (1992) Taxonomy and biology of Central American Robber Flies with an illustrated key to genera (Diptera: Asilidae). In: Quintero Arias, D. & Aiello, A. (Eds.), Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York and Tokyo, pp. 611 - 632.","Martin, C. H. (1975) The generic and specific characters of four old and six new Asilini genera in the western United States, Mexico and Central America (Diptera: Asilidae). Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 119, 1 - 107.","Carrera, M & d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1953) Asilideos do Peru (Diptera). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (9), 63 - 78.","Papavero, N. (2009) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera, 17, 1 - 178.","Fisher, E. M. (2009) Asilidae (robber flies, assassin flies, moscas cazadoras, moscas ladronas). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 585 - 632.","Sanchez, P. & Camargo, A. (2021) Description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, revalidation of Ctenodontina carrerai (Hull) stat. rev., and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of Peruvian species of Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae). Zootaxa, 5027 (2), 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.2.7","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56."]}

Catostola indecisa sp. nov. (Figs 38–42, 44) ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 66EF012B-E1CB-4838-B318-AD8432744A8B Diagnosis. Face yellowish brown pruinose; mystacal macrosetae yellowish white, except by a few dorsal black macrosetae (Fig. 38C–D); postpedicel dark reddish; second article of stylus black, dark reddish at base, long and slender, slightly enlarged subapically (Fig. 39A–B); fore femur yellow, mid femur yellow with black apical third, hind femur black (Fig. 38A); male terminalia shining black (Fig. 39E–G); S8 with dark reddish long macrosetae and setae at posterior margin, lateral to mid-posterior projection and on apex of mid-posterior projection (Fig. 39E, G); apical epandrial finger-like projection pointed distally; gonocoxite tapering distally and curving upwards with apical half very narrow and apex rounded (Fig. 40E). Description. Holotype male (Figs 38–41). Head (Fig. 38C–D): eyes black; face yellowish brown pruinose; mystacal macrosetae yellowish white, except by a few dorsal black macrosetae (Fig. 38C–D); subvibrissal macrosetae and setae yellowish white; gena yellowish pruinose; palpus black with two white apical macrosetae and black setae, except at base ventrally, yellowish white setose; proboscis black, labial setae dark yellow, proboscial setae whitish; antennal socket reddish black, brownish pruinose; frons brownish pruinose; orbital setae black with 1–2 yellowish mixed; ocellar tubercle black, brown pruinose dorsally with four proclinate black setae; vertex brown pruinose; occiput yellowish brown pruinose dorsally becoming white laterally; 5–6 black postocular macrosetae (proximal ones dark yellow), other dorsal occipital setae whitish; lateral occipital and lower occipital setae white, slightly branched. Antenna: scape and pedicel black with dark reddish apex, black setose and sparsely brown pruinose; postpedicel dark reddish, sparsely brown pruinose with 4–5 short yellowish setae dorsally at base (left postpedicel with an anomalous black macrosetae dorsally); first article of stylus dark reddish, minute, second article black, dark reddish at base, long and slender, slightly enlarged subapically ending in a dark reddish tip (Fig. 39A–B). Thorax (Fig. 38A–B): yellowish brown; antepronotum and postpronotum grey pruinose laterally; scutum with a pair of dark brown pruinose paramedian stripes rounded anteriorly, laterally, and fading after postsutural spots; pre and postsutural spots and prescutellar spots dark brown pruinose; median stripe brown pruinose; triangular apruinose black spot at posterior scutal margin; postalar wall and scutellum brownish grey pruinose (Fig. 39D); pleura grey pruinose, except anterodorsal part of proepimeron and anepisternum brownish grey pruinose. Chaetotaxy: antepronotal macrosetae and setae yellowish; 2 notopleural; 2 supra alar; 1 postalar and 5 pairs of dorsocentral postsutural black macrosetae; scutum with short black acrostichal setae; scutellum with short sparse black discal and marginal scutellar setae (Fig.39D); anepisternum with short, thin yellowish and black setae dorsally; katatergite with whitish macrosetae and setae; remainder of pleura with very sparse, thin whitish setae. Wings (Fig. 39C): yellowish translucent; veins dark brown; R 4 slightly rounded in the junction with R 5 ; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of two crossvein r-m; crossvein r-m in the middle of discal cell; cells m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: dark reddish yellow, apex of steam and base of knob dark brown ventrally. Legs (Fig. 38A): coxae and trochanters black brownish grey pruinose; fore femur yellow (slightly dark at extreme apex), mid femur yellow with black apical third; hind femur black, slightly dark reddish anteroventrally on basal third; fore tibia yellow, only slightly reddish apically; mid tibia yellow with an anterior dark yellow stripe and black apex; hind tibia black with a yellow spot posterodorsally on basal half; tarsi black, except first tarsomere of fore tarsi dark reddish yellow. Chaetotaxy: coxae with yellowish white macrosetae and setae; hind trochanter with 3 posterior yellow macrosetae; fore femur with 11–12 ventral yellowish macrosetae; mid femur with 9–10 ventral (yellowish), 5 anteroventral, 3 anterior, 1 posterodorsal preapical and 3 posterior (all yellow) black macrosetae; hind femur with 2 anteroventral preapical, 2 anterior (proximal yellow), 1 anterodorsal preapical, 1 posterodorsal preapical black macrosetae; femora black setose anterodorsally and yellowish posteroventrally; tibiae with black macrosetae and setae, except by a few yellow setae ventrally on fore tibia; tarsi with black macrosetae and setae; brush setae golden reddish yellow; pulvilli dark yellow; empodium dark reddish; claws black, dark reddish basally. Abdomen (Fig. 38A): black, T1–7 dark brown pruinose dorsally and grey laterally and at posterior corners; T1 with 3–4 yellowish white marginal lateral macrosetae and a tuft of long yellowish white setae; T2–3 with 4–5 yellowish white lateral marginal macrosetae; T5–7 only with long white setae at lateral posterior margin; other short appressed dorsal setae black, becoming yellowish laterally; sternites greyish white pruinose; sternites sparsely white setose. Terminalia (Figs 39E–G, 40–41): shining black, except apical half of gonocoxite and dorsal margin of gonostylus and anterior mid-ventral part of S8 dark reddish; phallus dark yellow; T8 black setose (Figs 39E–F, 40F); S8 black setose, mid-posterior projection rectangular with a tuft of long dark reddish black macrosetae at the apex (Figs 39E, G, 40D); cercus yellowish setose; epandrium with black setae at anterior dorsal margin and 3–4 long black macrosetae at anterior ventral margin (Fig. 39E–G), epandrial apical finger-like projection with short dark yellow setae apically and pointed distally (Figs 39E, 40E); hypandrium with a shallow indentation at posterior margin (Fig. 40G); gonocoxite tapering distally and curving upwards with apical half very narrow and apex rounded (Fig. 41A, D–E), apex curved outwards in dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 41B–C); gonostylus wide with apex conical and blade-like in lateral view (Fig. 41F); ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped, directed posteriorly; phallus with prongs thin and long (Fig. 41A, G); cercus short with apex rounded; subepandrial sclerite short with apex rounded and ventrally with an inverted Y-shaped projection (Fig. 41H–I). Length. Body: 18.5 mm; wing: 12.3 mm. Female (Fig. 42). Similar to male except terminalia (Fig. 42A–F); T7 shining black and black setose; T8 shining black and black setose; cercus with yellowish setae apically; S8 and hypoproct with dark reddish setae; keel of genital fork and hypoproct with dark reddish spines (Fig. 42A–C); spermathecae rod-like (Fig. 42G), reaching abdominal segment 6; spermathecal pump about 3 times smaller than length of spermathecal duct, slightly turgid (Fig. 42G–I); spermathecal ducts ending separately at genital fork (Fig. 42G–I); apodeme of genital fork connected laterally with lateral sclerites (Fig. 42G–I), slightly enlarged at mid-length (Fig. 42G–H); lateral sclerites connected with T9+10; apodeme of genital fork without a mid-dorsal ridge (Fig. 42I). Variation. Face pruinosity golden yellow; postpedicel black; apex of fore femur black; apex of fore tibia and first tarsomere of fore leg black. Etymology. indecisa, from Latin: indecisus: undecided, not settled or determined. The name makes allusion to the similarity of this species with C. baleta and C. martini, being C. indecisa sp. nov., an intermediate, hard to identify among its closely related species. Taxonomic discussion. The most similar species are Catostola baleta comb. nov., and Catostola martini comb. nov., It can be differentiated from the first by the entire black hind femur and by the shape of epandrial finger-like projection with the apex being constricted earlier (Fig. 40E) and the shape of gonocoxite which has the posterior half narrower and the gonostylus slightly wider (Fig. 41E–F). From the second only characters of the male terminalia are useful to make the distinction. The epandrial finger-like projection is more indented ventrally sub-apically in C. martini comb. nov. (Fig. 20E) than C. indecisa sp. nov. (Fig. 40E), the gonocoxite is much narrower (Fig. 41E) while in C. martini comb. nov. it only becomes extremely narrow sub-apically (Fig. 21E). Distribution (Fig. 44). Costa Rica (Puntarenas, Limón and San Jose). Material examined. Holotype. COSTA RICA, Prov.[incia] Puntarenas, P.N.[Parque Nacional] Corcovado, Sector La Leona, Cerro Puma 100-302 m, 21 JUN–7 JUL 2003, K. Caballero, Libre, L _S_[Lambert Sur] 267700_ 518900 [8°27′12″N 83°29′35″W]#74483 / bar code INB0003734727 INBIOCRI COSTA RICA / Holotype Catostola indecisa sp. n. Camargo, Vieira & Rafael (Fig. 38A [insert]) (♁ MNCR (INBIO)). Paratypes. Amubri, 70 m, Talamanca, Prov. [incia] Limón, COSTA RICA. 6–11 Jun 1993, G. Gallardo. L-S-[Lambert Sur] 385500, 578050 [09°31′04″N 82°57′13″W] / bar code COSTA RICA INBIO CRI001 174886 / Ctenodontina det. EMFisher (1♀ MNCR (INBIO)); Río Rincón, Pen. [ínsula] Osa, Prov. [incia] Punta [renas], COSTA RICA, 30 m, 27 Dic 1993, M. Zumbado, L S 519700_286000 [08°37′08″N 83°29′08″W] # 2667 / bar code COSTA RICA INBIO CRI001 725936 (1♀ MNCR (INBIO)); Est. [ación] Sirena, P.N. [Parque Nacional] Corcovado, 0-100 m. Prov. [incia] Punt. [arenas], COSTA RICA. C. Saborio, Oct 1990, L-S- 270500-508300 [08°28′43″N 83°35′21″W] / bar code COSTA RICA INBIO CRI000 062067 / Ctenodontina sp. A det E.M. Fisher 04 (1♁ MNCR (INBIO)); Same data, N. Obando, Jun 1990, / bar code CRI000 644140 (1♀ MNCR (INBIO)). Additional material. Monte Redondo [09°47′21″N 84°07′34″W], Jan. 03 / COSTA RICA [San Jose], C.F. Underwood. Per Janson. / C.J. Wainwright Collection. B.M. 1948-488. (1♁ NHM)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 59-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Hull, F. M. (1958) New genera of robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (3), 317 - 324."]}

Catostola baleta (Walker, 1849) comb. nov. (Figs 9–13, 44) Asilus baletus Walker, 1849: 427; Walker, 1855: 699, 704 (species list); Williston, 1891: 90 (catalogue); Kertész, 1909: 251 (catalogue); Hull, 1962 (2): 545 (synopsis of world fauna); Martin & Papavero, 1970: 88 (catalogue). Lecania baleta; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 37 (combination); Papavero, 2009: 31 (catalogue). Ctenodontina baleta; Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 285, figs. 1, 6, 24–36, 34–47 (combination); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 278 (key). Pachychoeta caracasae Martin, 1975: 85; Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 285 (synonym). Lecania ? caracasae; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 37 (combination and (?) junior synonym); Papavero, 2009: 31 (catalogue). Pachychoeta inca Martin, 1975: 86; Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 285 (synonym). Lecania inca; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 38 (combination); Papavero, 2009 (catalogue). Diagnosis. Face yellowish pruinose; mystacal macrosetae yellowish white with seven dark brown macrosetae mid-dorsally (Fig. 9C–D); thorax ochre brown pruinose with dark brown to black paramedian stripes (Fig. 9B); wings yellowish translucent (Fig. 10C); legs mostly yellow, except mid femur apically and hind femur with apical third black and an anterodorsal black stripe fading proximally (Fig. 9A–B); abdomen dark brown pruinose with lateral and posterior corners greyish brown pruinose (Fig. 9A–B); terminalia shining black (Fig. 10E–G); epandrium slowly narrowing towards tip with a strong narrowing sub-apically forming a finger-like projection with a pointed tip (Figs 10E, 11E); S8 trapezoidal on anterior half with a rectangular mid-posterior projection ending beyond apex of terminalia (Figs 10E, G, 11B–D). Redescription. Holotype male (Figs 9–10). Head (Fig. 9C–D): eyes black; face yellowish pruinose; mystacal macrosetae yellowish white with seven dark brown macrosetae mid-dorsally (Fig. 9C–D); subvibrissal macrosetae and setae yellowish white; gena yellowish pruinose; palpus dark brown almost black with yellowish white macrosetae apically, other setae dark brown, except for a few whitish setae ventrally at base; proboscis black, labial setae yellowish, proboscial setae white; antennal socket black, yellowish pruinose; frons golden brownish pruinose; orbital setae black; ocellar tubercle black, golden brownish pruinose with 4 proclinate black setae; vertex golden brown pruinose; occiput white pruinose; 14–15 dark yellow postocular macrosetae (proximal 5 black), other dorsal occipital setae whitish with a few black setae dorsally; lateral occipital and lower occipital setae white, slightly branched. Antenna: scape and pedicel black, black setose, sparsely brownish pruinose; postpedicel black, brownish pruinose with 4–5 short yellowish setae dorsally at base; stylus dark reddish brown, first article minute, second article long and slender, slightly enlarged sub-apically ending in a dark reddish tip (Fig. 10A–B). Thorax (Fig. 9A–B): ochre brown pruinose; antepronotum and postpronotum ochre brown pruinose laterally; scutum with a pair of dark brown almost black pruinose paramedian stripes rounded anteriorly, laterally and fading after postsutural spots; pre and postsutural spots and prescutellar spots dark brown almost black pruinose; median stripe brown pruinose; postalar wall and scutellum greyish brown pruinose (Fig. 10D); pleura ochre brown pruinose mixed with small spots of greyish pruinosity. Chaetotaxy: antepronotal macrosetae black and setae yellowish; 2 notopleural; 2 supra alar; 1 postalar and 4 pairs of dorsocentral postsutural black macrosetae; scutum with short black acrostichal setae (except on paramedian stripes, asetose); scutellum with short sparse black discal scutellar setae with a few yellowish setae mixed (Fig. 10D); anepisternum with thin black setae dorsally and white posteriorly; katatergite with yellowish macrosetae and white setae; remainder of pleura with thin and very sparse white setae. Wings (Fig. 10C): yellowish translucent; veins dark brown, becoming reddish at base; R 4 slightly rounded at the junction with R 5 ; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of two crossvein r-m; crossvein r-m shortly after the middle of discal cell (at a distance equivalent to the length of one crossvein mm); cells m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: dark yellow, knob slightly lighter. Legs (Fig. 9A–B): coxae and trochanters ochre brown pruinose, coxae with posterior area greyish pruinose; femora yellow, hind femur slightly darker, mid femur with a dark brown to black anterodorsal spot apically, hind femur with apical third black and an anterodorsal black stripe fading proximally; tibiae yellow, fore and mid tibiae with a brown spot anteroventrally at apex and hind tibia with apical third and ventrally dark brown to black; fore and mid tarsi dark yellowish brown with first tarsomeres dark yellow and apex of last tarsomeres black, hind tarsus dark brown to black. Chaetotaxy: coxae with white macrosetae and setae, hind coxa with yellowish macrosetae; hind trochanter with 1 anterior and 3 posterior yellow macrosetae; fore femur with 10–11 ventral yellow macrosetae; mid femur with 6–7 ventral (yellow), 6 anteroventral (proximal one yellow), 3 anterior, 1 posterodorsal preapical and 2 posterior (yellow) black macrosetae; hind femur with 5–6 ventral (yellow), 2 anteroventral preapical, 2–3 anterodorsal (proximal one yellow), 1 pair dorsal preapical and 1 pair apical black macrosetae; femora black setose anterodorsally and yellow posteroventrally; tibiae with black macrosetae and short black setae anterodorsally and short yellowish setae posteroventrally; tarsi with black macrosetae and setae; brush setae golden reddish brown; pulvilli dark yellow, empodium reddish; claws black. Abdomen (Fig. 9A–B): T1–6 dark brown pruinose dorsally with lateral margins and posterior corners greyish brown pruinose; T1 with 5–6 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae and a tuft of long marginal lateral setae; T2 and T3 with 7–8 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae; T4–T7 with 5–6 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae; other short, sparse, appressed setae yellowish, except mid-dorsally with brown setae; sternites greyish brown pruinose with sparse, long, thin whitish setae. Terminalia (Figs 10E–G, 11, 12): shining black, except cercus, dark reddish to almost black; terminalia black setose, except cercus, subepandrial sclerite, apex of epandrium, apex of gonostylus, lateral and posterior margins of S8 with golden reddish brown and yellow setae; T8 with 7–8 black marginal lateral macrosetae (Figs 10F, 11F); epandrium with 2–3 long and stout black macrosetae at mid-anterior ventral margin (Figs 10E–G, 11E); epandrium slowly narrowing towards tip with a strong narrowing sub-apically forming a finger-like projection with a pointed tip (Figs 10E, 11E); S8 trapezoidal on anterior half with a rectangular mid-posterior projection ending beyond apex of terminalia (Figs 10E, G, 11B–C); hypandrium with posterior margin concave (Fig. 11G); gonocoxite narrowing towards tip, curved upwards medially with a rounded apex (Fig. 12A, D–E); gonocoxite straight apically in dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 12B–C); gonocoxal apodeme wrench-like anteriorly (Fig. 12D–E); gonostylus blade-like, pointed distally (Fig. 12F); ejaculatory apodeme fan shaped, pointed posteriorly; phallus with prongs thin and long (Fig. 12A, G); cercus and subepandrial sclerite short with rounded apex (Fig. 12H–I). Holotype condition. Right postpedicel missing (Fig. 9B–C). Female (Fig. 13). Similar to male, except last abdominal segments and terminalia. T 7 and terminalia shining black, T 8 dark reddish at posterior margin; T 7 and T 8 black setose; T 9+10 and cercus yellowish setose; S8 and hypoproct reddish yellow setose (Fig. 13A–C); opening of genital fork on the S8 forming a ventral pronounced keel (like a boat rudder) (Fig. 13D); opening of genital fork and hypoproct with dark reddish spines (Fig. 13A–F); spermathecae rounded (Fig. 13G), reaching abdominal segment 6; spermathecal pump about 3 times smaller than length of spermathecal duct, slightly turgid (Fig. 13G); spermathecal ducts ending separately at genital fork (Fig. 13G–H); apodeme of genital fork connected laterally with lateral sclerites (Fig. 13G–I); lateral sclerites connected with T 9+10; apodeme of genital fork without a mid-dorsal ridge (Fig. 13G–I). Variation. Hind femur entirely black, except ventral basal half dark reddish; hind femur yellow at base and ventrally, slowly becoming black towards apex; Taxonomic discussion. This species can be differentiated from other Catostola species by the absence of femoral swelling with short, stout macrosetae on hind femora and by the colour of legs mostly yellow (Fig. 9A). The most similar species are Catostola martini (Fisher, 1992) comb. nov., Catostola indecisa sp. nov., and Catostola complicata (James, 1953) comb. nov. It can be distinguished from the two first by the yellow colour of the hind femur with only the apex and an anterior band dark brown to black fading proximally (Fig. 9A) and from the last one by the shape of the epandrial finger-like projection that becomes constricted only sub-apically (Fig. 11E) and the gonocoxite apex that also only becomes constricted sub-apically (Fig. 12E). Distribution (Fig. 44). Colombia (new record) (La Guajira, Magdalena, Cesar and Tolima) and Venezuela (Vargas, Aragua, Miranda, Carabobo and Guárico) (Vieira et al. 2017). Material examined. Holotype. Type / VENEZ [UELA] / 46 75 [underside of label] / Venezuela / One of Walkers series so named eaw / TYPE Pachychaeta baleta (Wlk) N. Papavero det. / Holotype Asilus baletus Walker det. J.E. Chainey, 1985 / bar code NHMUK010632841 (Fig. 9A [insert]) (♁ NHM). Additional material. [COLOMBIA], La Guajira, 11°20′23″N 72°36′40″W] Guayra, Haeberlin / 2075 / La Guayra Haeberl. (1♁ MfN); Rio Frio [10°53′59″N 74°10′11″W], Magd.[alena], Colombia G. Salt 20.x.1927 / C. H. Curran Collection Acc. 31144 (1♁ AMNH); Brit.[ish] Mus.[eum] 1925-576 / Colombia: Lake Sapatoza region, [Cesar], Chiriguana [Chiringuaná] District. [09°21′42″N 73°36′07″W], viii–xi.1924. C. Alen. / Ommatius sp. Det. S.W. Bromley 1931 / facies like Ommatius, but no trace of feathering on the antennae (1♁ NHM); [Colombia, Tolima], Ambalema [04°46′58″N 74°45′48″W] / 7282 (1♁ MfN); [VENEZUELA], Distrito Federal [Vargas], Rio Oritapo [10°36′02″N 66°29′59″W], 200 m, col.: M. Ayala, 11.6.[19]67 (1♁ & 1♀ INPA); [Carabobo] San Esteban [10°25′30″N 68°00′48″W], Venez.[uela], xi.[19]39, Pablo Anduze / Lecania n. sp. near apicalis Brom. Det. S.W. Bromley (1♀ MZUSP); Venezuela, Maracay [10°14′49″N, 67°35′45″W], ges. P. Vogl (1♀ INPA); Vale Seco, Carabobo [10°11′35″N, 67°58′48″W], Venez.[uela] Jan.[eiro] [19]40, P.Anduze (1♁ MZUSP); [Venezuela], 7.x.1967, Edo.[Estado] Guárico, La Puerta, [San Francisco de Tiznados-Qda. Coronado 09°31′05″N 67°37′29″W], col. Adolfo Ayala [two specimens on same pin] (1♁ & 1♀ INPA); Same data [two specimens on same pin] (1♁ & 1♀ INPA); Venezuela F. Kummerow S. (1♁ & 1♀ MfN)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 18-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. British Museum, London, pp. 231 - 484.","Walker, F. (1855) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VII. Supplement III. British Museum, London, pp. 507 - 775. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 57902","Williston, S. W. (1891) Catalogue of the described species of South American Asilidae. Transactions of American Entomological Society, 18, 67 - 91.","Kertesz, K. (1909) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. (IV). Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae. Vol. 4. G. Engelmann, Budapest, 348 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5150","Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the world. The genera of the family Asilidae. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin, 294 (1 & 2), 1 - 432 & 433 - 907. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.224","Martin, C. H. & Papavero, N. (1970) Family Asilidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 35 b. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S \" o Paulo, S \" o Paulo, pp 1 - 139.","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56.","Papavero, N. (2009) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera, 17, 1 - 178.","Vieira, R., Ayala-Landa, J. M. & Rafael, J. A. (2017) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): new combinations, synonyms, new species and new records for Argentina. Zootaxa, 4216 (3), 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4216.3.5","Sanchez, P. & Camargo, A. (2021) Description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, revalidation of Ctenodontina carrerai (Hull) stat. rev., and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of Peruvian species of Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae). Zootaxa, 5027 (2), 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.2.7","Martin, C. H. (1975) The generic and specific characters of four old and six new Asilini genera in the western United States, Mexico and Central America (Diptera: Asilidae). Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 119, 1 - 107.","Fisher, E. M. & Hespenheide, H. A. (1992) Taxonomy and biology of Central American Robber Flies with an illustrated key to genera (Diptera: Asilidae). In: Quintero Arias, D. & Aiello, A. (Eds.), Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York and Tokyo, pp. 611 - 632.","James, M. T. (1953) The Diptera collected on the Cockerell and Hubbell Expedition to Honduras: Part II. Asilidae. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 43 (2), 46 - 57."]}

Catostola Hull, 1958 stat. rev. (Figs 9–45) Catostola Hull, 1958: 320 Type species, Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958 (original designation); Hull, 1962 (2): 481(synopsis of world fauna); Martin & Papavero, 1970: 70 (catalogue, as synonym of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36 (Lecania -group, catalogue); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue). Diagnosis. Face slightly pronounced at oral margin, white (Fig. 16C–D), yellow (Fig. 27C–D) or yellowish to brown pruinose (Fig. 38C–D); mystacal macrosetae white or yellow (Fig. 27C–D) with a few black macrosetae above (Fig. 32C–D); postpedicel conical; first article of stylus minute (Fig. 10A–B), second article weakly enlarged sub-apically (Fig. 39A–B); ocellar tubercle with proclinate setae; thorax greyish or brownish pruinose with dark brown to black paramedian stripes, pre and postsutural and prescutellar spots (Fig. 9B); wings yellowish translucent with bifurcation of veins R 4 and R 5 always beyond discal cell; cells m 3 and cua always closed and petiolate (Fig. 10C); legs mostly yellow with dark brown stripes on anterior half or anterodorsally fading proximally or not on fore and mid femur (Figs 9A, 22A, 27A, 38A); hind femur usually entirely black (Figs 27A, 38A); hind femur of males with or without a ventral sub-apical swelling with short and stout macrosetae (if the swelling is present it is rounded and small) (Figs 14C, 26, 37); hind tibia straight (Figs 14C, 26A–C, 37A); male terminalia shining black (Figs 10E–G, 28E–G, 33E–G); epandrium narrowing towards apex ending in a dorsal or ventral finger-like projection pointed posteriorly or ventrally; epandrial arms more or less laterally compressed since the base (Figs 11E, 20E, 24E, 29E, 34E, 40E); gonocoxite curving upwards apically; S8 always ending beyond the tip of epandrial arms (S8 mid-posterior projection longer than the remainder of terminalia) (Figs 11C–D, 20C–D, 24C–D, 29C–D, 34C–D, 40C–D); cercus and subepandrial sclerite usually short with apex rounded; ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped, directed posteriorly; phallus with two thin and long prongs separated beyond the base (Figs 12G, 21G, 25G, 30G, 35G, 41G); female terminalia with T8 expanded laterally (Figs 13A–F, 31A–F, 36A–F, 42A–F) and S8 ventrally with a keel bearing short, stout macrosetae apically at the opening of the genital fork (Figs 13D, 31D, 36D, 42D). Distribution (Fig. 43). Mexico (Chiapas and Yucatán); Guatemala (Escuintla and Suchitepéquez); Honduras (Atlántida); Costa Rica (Puntarenas, Limón and San Jose); Colombia (La Guajira, Magdalena, Cesar and Tolima); Venezuela (Vargas, Aragua, Miranda, Carabobo and Guárico); Ecuador (Sucumbíos, Napo, Morona Santiago and Zamora-Chinchipe); Brazil (Amazonas); Peru (Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios and Ucayali); Bolivia (La Paz, Sara, Ichilo and Chuquisaca) and Argentina (Jujuy, Salta and Tucumán). There is only a single species of Catostola stat. rev. which occurs in sympatry with Ctenodontina. Catostola baleta comb. nov. occurring in the same valley in Colombia where the type species of Ctenodontina, Ctenodontina pectinatipes is also recorded (Figs 8, 44). Taxonomic discussion. The genus can be distinguished from other genera of the Lecania -group, mainly Ctenodontina, by characters of the male and female terminalia. In Catostola stat. rev., the epandrial arms usually taper towards the tip in finger-like projections, and the epandrial arms are more or less laterally compressed beyond the base (Figs 11E, 20E, 24E, 29E, 34E, 40E) contrasting with the shape of the epandrial arms in the Ctenodontina that are slender and more or less parallel up to the rounded apex (Figs 1D–E, 2A–C, 6A–E). However, the main difference between both genera is the construction of S8. In Catostola stat. rev., the mid-posterior projection of the S8 always ends beyond the end of the epandrial arms (Figs 11C, 20C, 24C, 29C, 34C, 40C) while in Ctenodontina S8 ends almost at the same level with the apex of the hypandrium, long before the apex of the epandrium (Figs 1D, 2A, C, 6D–F). The females of Catostola stat. rev., have T8 enlarged laterally giving to it a cupped aspect (Figs 13A–F, 31A–F, 36A–F, 42A–F) while in the females of Ctenodontina the terminalia is compressed laterally (Fig. 3A–D) and Catostola stat. rev. has a feature on the female S8 that Ctenodontina does not have which is the presence of a keel with short and stout macrosetae on the apex being this keel where the genital fork opens (Figs 13D, 31D, 36D, 42D), a structure that is absent in Ctenodontina. In Catostola stat. rev., there are three species that also have a ventral swelling with short stout macrosetae sub-apically on the hind femur of males ventrally (Figs 14C, 26, 27). However, these swellings are much smaller with a different shape and placed in a different position when compared with those of Ctenodontina (Figs 1B–C, 4A, 7), besides, in Catostola stat. rev., the hind tibia of males is straight without curved or sigmoid shape (Figs 14C, 26A–C, 37A). All these listed differences above led us to conclude that Catostola stat. rev. should have its status revalidated encompassing those species where the male S8 ends beyond the epandrium, the female T8 is expanded laterally, cupped, and S8 has a ventral keel. We think these characters are strong enough to support the revalidation of Catostola stat. rev., as a distinct genus. Our findings corroborate the observations of Fisher (1985) who also pointed out that the male terminalia of Ctenodontina mochica does not follow the same aspect as for the other species now moved to Catostola stat. rev. He also added that the only link between C. mochica and the other species would be the presence of a spinous femoral swelling in the hind femora of males, although he considered this as an unreliable character since it is not present in all species of the present Catostola stat. rev. In addition, Hull (1958, 1962) erected Catostola stat. rev., to include Catostola carrerai stat. rev. and Catostola maya stat. rev., which he considered as quite different from Ctenodontina, mentioning the curious, oval, depressed, laterally expanded female T8 as a distinctive character to support Catostola stat. rev. Hull (1962) also suggested that Ctenodontina could have a relationship near Lecania based on wing venation and antennal style. However, he probably based his observations on the original description and drawings provided by Enderlein (1914), probably without examining the type material. Recently Sánchez & Camargo (2021) described the female of Ctenodontina mochica reinforcing the suspicion that it is more similar to females of Lecania than females of the now Catostola stat. rev. These authors also argued that the description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica would bring some instability to the idea that Catostola stat. rev. should remain as a junior synonym of Ctenodontina. Now, with the redescription and illustration of the male terminalia of Ctenodontina pectinatipes the suspicions of previous authors have been corroborated, and Catostola stat. rev., has herein its status revalidated as a distinct genus., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Hull, F. M. (1958) New genera of robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (3), 317 - 324.","Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the world. The genera of the family Asilidae. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin, 294 (1 & 2), 1 - 432 & 433 - 907. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.224","Martin, C. H. & Papavero, N. (1970) Family Asilidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 35 b. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S \" o Paulo, S \" o Paulo, pp 1 - 139.","Enderlein, G. (1914) Dipterologische Studien. XI. Zur Kenntnis tropisher Asiliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 44 (6), 241 - 263.","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56.","Papavero, N. (2009) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera, 17, 1 - 178.","Fisher, E. M. (1985) A preliminary list of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of the Tambopata Reserved Zone, Madre de Dios, Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 27, 25 - 36.","Sanchez, P. & Camargo, A. (2021) Description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, revalidation of Ctenodontina carrerai (Hull) stat. rev., and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of Peruvian species of Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae). Zootaxa, 5027 (2), 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.2.7"]}

Catostola complicata (James, 1953) comb. nov. (Figs 16–17, 44) Pachychoeta complicata James, 1953: 52, fig. 6; Martin & Papavero, 1970: 71 (catalogue); Martin, 1975: 84, 86 (key, comments). Lecania complicata; Hull, 1962 (2): 481; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 37 (Lecania -group catalogue); Papavero, 2009: 31 (catalogue). Ctenodontina complicata; Fisher, 2009: 619 (Manual of Central American Diptera [Fisher confused Maurice T. James with James S. Hine in the authorship of the species]). Diagnosis. Face white pruinose, frons and vertex brown pruinose; mystacal macrosetae white with a row of dorsolateral black macrosetae (Fig. 16C–D); thorax brownish grey pruinose with dark brown pruinose paramedian stripes and spots (Fig. 16B); legs yellow with apical third of mid and hind femora dark brown (Figs 16A–B, 17C); abdomen dark brown with brownish grey lateral margins (Fig. 16A–B); terminalia dark reddish to black (Fig. 17D– G); S8 with a few, sparse white setae and with a mid-posterior spatulate projection slightly constricted medially with long dark brown to black macrosetae and setae laterally and apically, these macrosetae with white tips (Fig. 17D–G); epandrium with a finger-like dorsal projection (Fig. 17D–G). Redescription. Holotype male (Figs 16–17). Head (Fig. 16C–D): eyes black; face white pruinose; mystacal macrosetae white, except by a dorsolateral row of dark brown to black macrosetae (Fig. 16C–D); subvibrissal macrosetae dark brown to black with a few white setae mixed; gena white pruinose; palpus dark brown with dark brown macrosetae and setae, except ventrally with white setae; proboscis black, labial setae yellowish, proboscial setae white; antennal socket black, white pruinose; frons brown pruinose with a triangular reddish apruinose central spot; orbital setae mixed dark brown, yellow and white; ocellar tubercle black, brown pruinose, with six pairs of dark brown proclinate setae; vertex brown pruinose; occiput greyish pruinose becoming white pruinose laterally and on lower occipital margin; 5–6 black postocular macrosetae (distal one pale), other dorsal occipital setae black and yellowish; lateral occipital and lower occipital setae white. Antenna: scape black with a reddish ring apically, white pruinose and black setose; pedicel reddish brown with yellowish pruinosity, white lateroventrally, black setose with a few very short yellowish setae ventrally (Fig. 16C–D). Thorax (Fig. 16A–B): brown pruinose; antepronotum and postpronotum brownish grey laterally; scutum with a pair of dark brown pruinose paramedian stripes rounded anteriorly, laterally and fading after postsutural spot; pre and postsutural spots and prescutellar spots dark brown pruinose; scutum laterally and posteriorly and transverse suture brownish grey pruinose; a triangular apruinose black spot at posterior scutal margin; postalar wall and scutellum brownish grey pruinose (Fig. 17B); pleura greyish pruinose, except proepisternum, proepimeron, anepisternum, dorsal part of katepisternum, katepimeron and posterior part of metanepisternum brownish grey pruinose. Chaetotaxy: antepronotal macrosetae and setae pale yellow with a few, very short black setae posteriorly; 2 notopleural; 1 supra alar; 1 postalar and 3 pairs of dorsocentral black postsutural macrosetae; scutum with short black acrostichal setae and thin yellowish setae on postpronotal lobe, anteriorly; scutellum with short sparse black discal and marginal scutellar setae (Fig. 17B); anepisternum with short, thin yellowish and black setae dorsally; katatergite with white macrosetae and setae; remainder of pleura with thin and very sparse whitish setae. Wings (Fig. 17A): translucent, apical third slightly yellowish translucent; veins dark brown; R 4 slightly rounded in the junction with R 5 ; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of two crossvein r-m; crossvein r-m shortly after the middle of discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of one crossvein m-m; cells m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: yellow, knob dark yellow. Legs (Figs 16A–B, 17C): yellow, except coxae and trochanters black and brownish grey pruinose, apical third of mid and hind femora dark brown (hind femora with a brown anterodorsal stripe fading proximally), apex of fore and mid tibiae, anteroventral stripe and apical half of hind tibia and all tarsi dark brown (darker on hind leg). Chaetotaxy: coxae and trochanters with white macrosetae and setae; hind trochanter with 3 posterior white macrosetae; fore femur with 5–6 ventral yellow macrosetae; mid femur with 4–5 ventral (whitish), 7 anteroventral (proximal whitish), 3 anterior, 1 posterodorsal preapical and 3 posterior (2 proximal yellow) black macrosetae; hind femur with 1 anteroventral preapical, 1 anterior, 1 anterodorsal preapical, and 1 posterodorsal preapical black macrosetae; other short femoral setae black anterodorsally and yellowish posteroventrally; tibiae and tarsi with black macrosetae and short black setae (tibiae with a few short yellowish setae anterodorsally); brush setae golden reddish yellow; pulvilli and empodium dark reddish; claws black, dark reddish basally. Abdomen (Fig. 16A–B): dark brown pruinose, tergites laterally brownish grey pruinose, T6 and 7 silvery pruinose; T1 with many lateral marginal whitish macrosetae and setae; T2 with 4, T3 with 8, T4 with 7, T5–7 only with 3–4 thin posterior marginal whitish setae; short sparse setae on tergites whitish on T1 and 2 and dark brown on other tergites becoming whitish at lateral margins; sternites brownish grey pruinose and with sparse, thin whitish setae; anterior margin of S7 with an apruinose band. Terminalia (Fig. 17D–G): shining dark reddish to black; T8 yellowish pruinose at posterior margin and with brown to black macrosetae and setae (Fig. 17D–F); S8 with a few, sparse white setae and with a mid-posterior spatulate projection slightly constricted medially with long dark brown to black macrosetae and setae laterally and apically, these macrosetae with white tips (Fig. 17D–G); epandrium black with a group of dark reddish to black macrosetae proximally, ventrally and dorsally, very constricted medially forming a dorsal finger-like projection with reddish setae dorsally and ventrally, apex of projection more or less triangular with rounded tip, epandrial projection dark reddish internally (Fig. 17D–F); hypandrium black at posterior corners with setae of same colour; gonocoxite black proximally becoming dark reddish distally, without setae and with a more or less triangular shape apically, rounded on tip; gonostylus dark reddish with short reddish setae; cercus reddish dark to black with short dark reddish to black setae and yellowish setae apically (Fig. 17D–G); subepandrial sclerite with a pair of rounded lobes ventrally without setae, dorsal half black with yellowish setae apically. Length. Body: 17.85 mm; wing: 11.81 mm. Holotype condition. Postpedicel missing (Fig. 16D). Female. Unknown. Taxonomic discussion. This species can be differentiated from other Catostola species mainly by the yellow legs with apical third of mid and hind femora dark brown (Figs 16A–B, 17C) and the epandrium with a long, finger-like dorsal projection (Fig. 17D–G). The most similar species is Catostola baleta comb. nov. that can be distinguished through epandrial finger-like projection which is constricted short before the mid-length of the epandrium with the projection slightly longer than half of epandrial length (Fig. 17D–E) and the S8 mid-posterior projection which is slightly constricted at the base (Fig. 17G). Distribution (Fig. 44). Honduras (Atlántida). The original description was based on one holotype and two paratypes from the same locality as the holotype but collected on May 2, 1923 (James, 1953). In this study, only the holotype was examined.According to Erika Tucker (in litt., 2019), curator at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ), the paratypes were not located in the respective collection and its whereabouts are unknown. Material examined. Holotype. HONDURAS 1923 [Atlántida] Tela: [15°46′24″N 87°27′55″W], v.10 Guaimas District 508 T. H. Hubbell / Pachychoeta complicata 1 ♁ James HOLOTYPE / bar code UMMZI-163425 (Fig. 16A [insert]) (♁ UMMZ)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 28-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["James, M. T. (1953) The Diptera collected on the Cockerell and Hubbell Expedition to Honduras: Part II. Asilidae. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 43 (2), 46 - 57.","Martin, C. H. & Papavero, N. (1970) Family Asilidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 35 b. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S \" o Paulo, S \" o Paulo, pp 1 - 139.","Martin, C. H. (1975) The generic and specific characters of four old and six new Asilini genera in the western United States, Mexico and Central America (Diptera: Asilidae). Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 119, 1 - 107.","Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the world. The genera of the family Asilidae. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin, 294 (1 & 2), 1 - 432 & 433 - 907. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.224","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56.","Papavero, N. (2009) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera, 17, 1 - 178.","Fisher, E. M. (2009) Asilidae (robber flies, assassin flies, moscas cazadoras, moscas ladronas). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 585 - 632."]}

Ctenodontina pectinatipes Enderlein, 1914 (Figs 4–8) Ctenodontina pectinatipes Enderlein, 1914: 260, 261, figs. 6, 7; Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953: 77, 78 (comments); Hull, 1962 (2): 480, figs. 2508, 2514 (synopsis of world fauna); Martin & Papavero, 1970: 71 (catalogue); Lamas, 1973: 275, 276 (key); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36 (Lecania -group catalogue); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue); Vieira, 2012: 2, fig. 1 (key); Vieira, 2014: 314 (comments); Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 290, figs. 1, 5 (key); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 278 (key). Diagnosis. Face greyish pale pruinose; mystacal macrosetae and setae pale whitish with five black macrosetae dorsolaterally; frons and vertex yellowish pruinose (Fig. 4C–D); postpedicel greyish pruinose; second article of stylus dark reddish brown to black slightly enlarged dorsally sub-apically (Fig. 5A–D); legs yellow (Figs 4A, 7A– B), hind femur intumesced with ventral projections bearing black teeth (Fig. 7A–E); hind tibia sigmoid (Fig.7A–B, F); terminalia dark reddish brown to black (Fig. 6); S8 Y-shaped (Fig. 6D, F). Redescription. Paratype male (Figs 4–7). Head: eyes black; face pale greyish pruinose with a central dark brown line from antennal socket until beginning of facial gibbosity; mystacal macrosetae and setae pale whitish with five black macrosetae dorsolaterally (Fig. 4C–D); gena greyish pruinose; palpus reddish brown with white macrosetae and setae; proboscis black, labial setae yellowish, proboscial setae white; antennal socket yellowish pruinose; frons convergent, yellowish pruinose with a black central apruinose spot; orbital setae; ocellar tubercle black, brownish yellow pruinose with two dark brown proclinate setae; vertex deeply excavated, yellowish pruinose, greyish posteriorly with ocellar tubercle on concavity, ocellar tubercle almost not passing the frontal eye line; occiput greyish pruinose; 5–6 black postocular macrosetae (distal one pale); occipital and lower occipital setae white. Antenna (Fig. 5A–D): scape and pedicel reddish brown, brownish yellow pruinose with short dark brown to black setae; postpedicel dark brown, greyish pruinose with three very short yellow setae on dorsal margin basally; first and second article of stylus dark reddish brown to black; second article slightly enlarged sub-apically ending in a thin pointed tip (Fig. 5A, C). Thorax (Figs 4A–B, 5F–G): brown; antepronotum and postpronotum greyish brown; scutum brown with a median stripe dark reddish brown with two paramedian stripes dark brown to black pruinose diminishing before scutellum; humeral spot and the stripes that follow the paramedian stripes and enter transverse suture brownish yellow pruinose; postpronotal lobe, pre and postsutural spots and postalar callus brown pruinose (Fig. 5G); lateral margin of scutum above wing insertion, posterior margin of scutum and postalar wall greyish pruinose, a small portion of scutum before scutellum dark reddish black, apruinose; scutellum brownish grey pruinose on disc and greyish pruinose marginally (Fig. 5F); anepisternum greyish brown pruinose on anterior and dorsal half; pleura grey pruinose. Chaetotaxy: antepronotal macrosetae and setae pale yellow; 2 notopleural; 1 supra alar; 1 postalar and 5 pairs of dorsocentral postsutural black macrosetae; scutum with short black acrostichal setae and thin pale setae on postpronotal lobe anteriorly, above wing insertion and on postalar wall anteriorly; scutellum with short sparse black discal scutellar setae (Fig. 5F); anepisternum with short, thin yellowish to brown setae dorsally; katatergite with white macrosetae and setae; remainder of pleura with very sparse and thin whitish setae. Wings (Fig. 5E): translucent, apical third of wing yellowish translucent; veins dark brown; R 4 angulated in the junction with R 5 ; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of two crossvein r-m; crossvein r-m shortly after the middle of discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of one crossvein m-m; cell sc with brown microtrichia, cells at apical third of wing with slightly brown microtrichia along veins; cells m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: yellow, knob reddish brown, base of knob darker. Legs (Figs 4A, 7): yellow; except extreme apex of mid and hind femora and extreme base of mid and hind tibiae dark reddish (extreme tip of hind femur black), the black teeth on hind femoral projections and last 4 tarsal segments of fore and mid tarsi and hind tarsus dark yellow; coxae grey pruinose; hind femur with 5 projections ending in black teeth (Fig. 7A–E); the first projection is divided in two, following three simple and last projection (with is similar to a foot in lateral view) has two teeth at base laterally and 10 teeth aggregated on top; (on right femur the third projection is atrophied and it was possible to count eight teeth on tip of last projection) hind femora intumesced from base until ventral projections narrowing after projections (Fig. 7A–B); hind tibia resembling an “S”, basal third resembling a hock, mid part of hind tibia projected ventrally (Fig. 7B, F). Chaetotaxy: coxae and trochanters with whitish macrosetae and setae; hind trochanter with 2 posterior yellow macrosetae; fore femur with 5–6 ventral black macrosetae (proximal one yellow); mid femur with 5–6 ventral (2 proximal yellow), 4 anteroventral, 3 anterior, 1 posterodorsal preapical black macrosetae; hind femur with 3 anterodorsal black macrosetae; short sparse setae on femora black, except ate base and posteriorly on hind femur pale yellow; tibiae and tarsi with black macrosetae and short black setae; brush setae yellow; pulvilli dark yellow; empodium dark reddish; claws black, reddish basally. Abdomen (Figs 4A–B, 5H): brown pruinose, T1 and lateral and posterior margins of tergites grey pruinose; T1 with 3 black marginal lateral macrosetae and 10–12 pale yellow macrosetae and setae; T2–7 with whitish dorsal and marginal short thin setae, become dark brown to black on T4–7; sternites grey pruinose with very sparse thin whitish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 6): dark reddish to black; epandrium anteriorly and on epandrial arms reddish internally (Fig. 6A); T8 with dark brown to black sparse setae (Fig. 6A); S8 expanded anteriorly, under S7, resembling an inverted chalice with a mid-posterior, thin, Y-shaped projection, dark reddish to black with setae of same colour, except on the arms of the Y projection with yellowish setae (Fig. 6B, D–G); epandrial arms sub-apically with an internal lobulate red projection (Fig. 6A, D, H), apex black more or less conic (Fig. 6A–D, H), epandrium ventrally with a small black conical projection, ventrally to the red lobulate internal projection (Fig. 6D, H); gonocoxite reddish anteriorly, expanded in the middle and ending in a blunt tip (Fig. 6D–E, G–H); gonostylus yellowish red with papilla externally and setae of same colour; hypandrium broad anteriorly, U-shaped at mid-posterior margin with a pair of finger-like conical projections (Fig. 6B, D–G); cercus rudder-like, yellow setose (Fig. 6C); apex of epandrium and epandrial arms internally whitish setose, remainder of terminalia with dark brown to black setae (Fig. 6A–H). Length. Body: 22.5 mm; wing: 16 mm. Paratype condition (Figs 4–5). Right hind tibia missing (Fig. 4B); abdomen broken dorsally on T1 anteriorly, but still attached to thorax (Fig. 5H). Female. Unknown. Taxonomic discussion. This species can be easily recognized by a very distinctive feature, the hind femora intumesced with five huge ventral projections bearing black teeth (Fig. 7A–E). Other additional distinctive features are yellow legs (Fig. 4A); hind tibia sigmoid (Fig. 7A, F), and S8 with Y-shaped mid-posterior projection (Fig. 6F). Enderlein (1914) based his description on two males collected by Ernst Pehlke in the locality of “Hacienda Pehlke” in Colombia. However, during a visit to the Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences (MIZ PAS) in Poland, only the paratype could be located.According to the curator Przemysław Dawid Szymroszczyk (in litt., 2019), the holotype of this species (including other Asilidae types which belong in this collection) seem to have been lent to the Natural History Museum (NHM) in the past. Unfortunately, the loan forms are lost, and apparently, the material has not been located in the NHM. Distribution (Fig. 8). Colombia. Departamento Caldas, Victoria. The type locality “Hacienda Pehlke” is situated near Victoria, 900 m above sea level. This famous type locality was a farm owned by Ernst Pehlke. The farm was divided among colonists and few forested areas remain (Papavero 1973). This was corroborated in our visit to MIZ PAS in Poland where miscellaneous Asilidae specimens bearing the same collector label had been collected in nearby localities like Honda (Tolima, which borders Caldas), Rio Magdalena (Border between Tolima and Cundinamarca), and even Bogotá (Cundinamarca). Material examined. Paratype. Columbien [COLOMBIA, Departamento Caldas, Victoria] (Hac.[ienda] Pehlke) [05°19′00″N, 74°54′43″W] E. Pehlke S. / Co = Typus. / Ctenodontina pectinatipes Type Enderl., ♁ Dr. Enderlein det 1913 (Fig. 4A [insert]) (1♁ MIZ PAS)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 11-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Enderlein, G. (1914) Dipterologische Studien. XI. Zur Kenntnis tropisher Asiliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 44 (6), 241 - 263.","Carrera, M & d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1953) Asilideos do Peru (Diptera). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (9), 63 - 78.","Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the world. The genera of the family Asilidae. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin, 294 (1 & 2), 1 - 432 & 433 - 907. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.224","Martin, C. H. & Papavero, N. (1970) Family Asilidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 35 b. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S \" o Paulo, S \" o Paulo, pp 1 - 139.","Lamas, G. M. (1973) Some comments on the genus Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera, Asilidae), with the description of a new species from coastal Peru. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 26 (23), 275 - 280.","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56.","Papavero, N. (2009) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera, 17, 1 - 178.","Vieira, R. (2012) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): First record for Brazil and description of a new species. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5402 / 2012 / 517410","Vieira, R. (2014) Description of the female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae), with new distribution records. Revista Brasileira de Entmologia, 58 (4), 313 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014005000005","Vieira, R., Ayala-Landa, J. M. & Rafael, J. A. (2017) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): new combinations, synonyms, new species and new records for Argentina. Zootaxa, 4216 (3), 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4216.3.5","Sanchez, P. & Camargo, A. (2021) Description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, revalidation of Ctenodontina carrerai (Hull) stat. rev., and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of Peruvian species of Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae). Zootaxa, 5027 (2), 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.2.7","Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the history of Neotropical Dipterology, with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. II. Museu de Zoologia Universidade de S \" o Paulo, S \" o Paulo, pp. i - i ii + 217 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101597"]}

Catostola sagta (Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017) comb. nov. (Figs 32–37, 45) Ctenodontina sagta Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 280, figs. 1, 2, 10–23; Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 274, 275, 278, fig. 7 (comments, key). Ctenodontina “ sp.”; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 47, fig. 28 (Lecania -group catalogue); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue). Diagnosis. Face yellowish white pruinose; mystacal macrosetae white with a few black macrosetae dorsally (Fig. 32C–D); thorax ochre brown pruinose with black paramedian stripes (Fig. 32B); fore and mid femur dark brown to black anterodorsally and yellow to reddish posteroventrally; hind femur black with a slightly pronounced preapical swelling (Fig. 37); S8 mid-posterior projection rounded apically (Fig. 34D); epandrium ending in a finger-like projection and dorsally with a gentle indentation at mid-length (Fig. 34E); subepandrial sclerite short with apex rounded and ventrally with a pair of rounded projections densely covered with thin setae (Fig. 35H–I). Redescription. Holotype male (Figs 32, 33A–D). Head (Fig. 32C–D): eyes black; face yellowish white pruinose; mystacal macrosetae white, except for a group of dark brown to black macrosetae mid-dorsally (Fig. 32C– D); subvibrissal macrosetae and setae white; gena yellowish white pruinose; palpus black with white macrosetae and setae; proboscis black, labial setae brownish, proboscial setae white with two brown setae anteriorly; antennal socket black, yellowish white pruinose; frons golden brownish pruinose; orbital setae dark brown to black; ocellar tubercle black, golden brownish pruinose with 5 proclinate, dark brown to black setae; vertex golden brown pruinose; occiput white pruinose; 14–15 black postocular macrosetae, other dorsal occipital setae whitish with a few dark brown setae mixed dorsally; lateral occipital and lower occipital setae white, slightly branched. Antenna: scape and pedicel black, slightly reddish apically, black setose, both sparsely brownish pruinose; postpedicel black, brownish pruinose with 4–5 short yellowish setae dorsally at base; stylus dark reddish brown, first article minute, second article long and slender, slightly enlarged subapically ending in a black tip (Fig. 33A–B). Thorax (Fig. 32A–B): ochre brown pruinose; antepronotum and postpronotum brown pruinose laterally; scutum with a pair of dark brown almost black pruinose paramedian stripes rounded anteriorly, laterally and fading after postsutural spot; pre and postsutural spots and prescutellar spots dark brown almost black pruinose; median stripe brown pruinose; postalar wall and scutellum marginally greyish brown pruinose (Fig. 33D); pleura ochre brown pruinose, except anatergite greyish brown pruinose. Chaetotaxy: antepronotal macrosetae black and setae yellowish; 2 notopleural; 2 supra alar; 1 postalar and 4 pairs of dorsocentral postsutural black macrosetae; scutum with short black acrostichal setae; scutellum with short sparse black discal scutellar setae (Fig. 33D); anepisternum with, thin yellowish and black setae dorsally and white posteriorly; katatergite with yellowish macrosetae and white setae; remainder of pleura with thin and very sparse white setae. Wings (Fig. 33C): translucent; veins reddish brown, becoming yellowish at base; R 4 slightly rounded in the junction with R 5 ; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of two crossvein r-m; crossvein r-m shortly after the middle of discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of one crossvein m-m; cells m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: pale yellow. Legs (Fig. 32A): coxae and trochanters ochre brown pruinose; fore and mid femur dark brown to black anterodorsally and yellow to reddish posteroventrally; hind femur black, ventrally slightly dark reddish proximally and with a slightly pronounced preapical swelling; tibiae yellow, for and mid tibiae with a dark brown spot anteroventrally and hind tibia with apical half dark brown; fore and mid tarsi yellow to reddish, hind tarsus dark brown; Chaetotaxy: coxae with white macrosetae and setae; hind coxa with yellowish macrosetae; hind trochanter with 1 anterior and 3 posterior brown macrosetae; fore femur with 8–10 brown ventral macrosetae; mid femur with 5–6 ventral (reddish brown), 6 anteroventral (proximal reddish brown), 3 anterior, 1 posterodorsal preapical and 2 posterior (reddish) black macrosetae; hind femur with 2 anteroventral preapical, 1 anterior (proximal), 1 pair dorsal preapical black macrosetae, ventral swelling with 11–12 short stout dark reddish setae; fore and mid femora black setose, yellowish posterodorsally, hind femur with yellowish setae anterodorsally and reddish and black setae posteroventrally; tibiae with black macrosetae and setae anterodorsally and yellowish setae posteroventrally; tarsi with black macrosetae and setae; brush setae golden brownish; pulvilli pale yellow, reddish at base and empodium reddish; claws black, reddish basally. Abdomen (Fig. 32A–B): black; T1–5 dark brown pruinose mid-dorsally; T4–5 golden brown pruinose subdorsally; tergites grey pruinose laterally; T6–7 white pruinose; T1 with 2–3 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae and a tuft of long marginal lateral setae; T2 and T3 with 6 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae; T4 with 2– 3 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae; T5 without macrosetae; T6 and T7 only with long thin white setae at posterior and lateral margins; tergites with sparse, short, appressed, dorsal black setae becoming whitish on grey pruinose areas and laterally; T6 with long, very thin, tuft of white setae laterally and at posterior corners; sternites grey pruinose with sparse, long, thin white setae; S6 with long, very thin, tuft of white setae at posterior corners; S7 with a few black setae posteriorly. Terminalia (Figs 33E–G, 34–35): shining black, except cercus, posterior half of gonocoxite and gonostylus dark reddish; cercus and subepandrial sclerite golden reddish, yellow setose (Fig. 33E–G); T8 with white setae anteriorly and black setae at posterior margin and laterally (longer and stouter at posterior corners) (Figs 33E–F, 34F); S8 black setose, setae longer at apex of mid-posterior projection; laterally and internally with golden pale yellow to brown setae (internal setae branched), S8 mid-posterior projection rounded apically (Figs 33G, 34D); epandrium with a fringe of long and stout black setae at anterior dorsal margin with a tuft of 6–7 black macrosetae anteroventrally with some short reddish yellow setae posteriorly at dorsal and ventral margins (Fig. 33E–F); epandrium ending in a finger-like projection dorsally with a gentle indentation dorsally at mid-length (Figs 33E, 34E); hypandrium with posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 34G); gonocoxite tapering towards the end and curved upwards with rounded apex and at tip with a small rod-like projection (Fig. 35A, D–E); gonocoxite with apex slightly directed outwards apically (Fig. 35B–C); gonostylus constricted sub-apically wit apex rounded and a few setae on dorsally distally (Fig. 35F); ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped directed posteriorly; phallus with prongs thin and long (Fig. 35A, G); cercus short, rounded distally; subepandrial sclerite short with apex rounded and ventrally with a pair of rounded projections densely covered with thin setae (Fig. 35H–I). Female (Fig. 36). Similar to male, except T7 shining dark reddish black with black marginal lateral macrosetae and terminalia shining black; T8 with sparse, thin black setae dorsally, golden brown setae laterally; T9+10 and cercus with dense golden yellow setae (Fig. 36A–B); S8 covered with dense golden brown setae; keel of genital opening with dark brown macrosetae (Fig. 36C); hypoproct with dark reddish brown macrosetae and thin golden yellow setae (Fig. 36A–F); spermathecae elliptic (Fig. 36G), reaching abdominal segment 6; spermathecal pump about 4 times smaller than length of spermathecal duct, slightly turgid (Fig. 36G–I); spermathecal ducts ending separately at genital fork (Fig. 36G–H); apodeme of genital fork connected laterally with lateral sclerites (Fig. 36G–H), slightly enlarged at mid-length (Fig. 36G–H); lateral sclerites connected with T9+10; apodeme of genital fork without a mid-dorsal ridge (Fig. 36I). Variation. dorsal half of mystax with black setae; ocellar tubercle with a single short seta; palpus with yellowish and brownish setae; only 1 supra alar macrosetae; wings yellowish translucent; veins dark brown. Holotype condition (Figs 32, 33A–D). Right wing removed and mounted between coverslips and abdomen cut on T5 and removed; terminalia dissected and placed in microvial with glycerine pinned along with the specimen. Taxonomic discussion. This species is very similar to Catostola carrerai comb. rev., and Catostola maya comb. rev., and can be differentiated from the first by the apex of the epandrial projection pointed distally (Fig. 34E) and the apex of the gonocoxite with a small rod-like projection at the tip (Fig. 35D–E) and from the second species by the less conspicuous femoral swelling on hind femora (Fig. 37) and by the more smooth indentation on epandrium dorsally at mid-length (Fig. 34E) and the apex of gonocoxite not rounded and spatulate (Fig. 35E). Distribution (Fig. 45). Argentina (Jujuy, Salta and Tucumán). Material examined. Holotype. ARG [ENTINA]— Salta, Tartagal [22°30′00″S 63°50′00″W], Fritz col., xi.[19]71 / Holotype Ctenodontina sagta Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017 (Fig. 32A [insert]) (♁ INPA). Paratype. ARG [ENTINA]— Salta, Pocitos [Salvador Mazza] [22°03′54″S, 63°41′18″W], Fritz col., i.[19]71 / Paratype Ctenodontina sagta Vieira,Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017 (1♀ INPA). Additional material. ARGENTINA, Salta, Vespucio [22°35′09″S 63°51′26″W], El Aguay, 4.xii.47, Coll. Duret / Muséum Paris Coll. Duret 788/93 (1♁ MNHN); R. Argentina, Jujuy, Calilegua [23°46′22″S 64°46′11″W], 13.ii.1950, Willink + Monros (3♁ & 2♀ MZUSP); S.P. Colalao, Tucumán (R.A.) ii.[1]951 Coll. P. Arnau (2♁ MZUSP); S.[an] Pedro de Colalao, Dto. [Departamento] Trancas-Tucumán, ii.[19]51, Arnau (1♀ MZUSP); Argentina: Jujuy, 575 m, Rt. 83, near entrance, Parque Nacional Calilegua [23°38′20″S 64°34′17″W] along Rio San Lorenzo, March 31–April 3, 1992, P. DeVries, O. Di Iorio, E. Quinter & D. Yeates (1♁ AMNH); Argentina: Jujuy, Rt. 1, 0–6 km SE Arroyo Agua Caliente [23°42′53″S 64°32′44″W], April 2, 1992, P. DeVries, O. Di Iorio, E. Quinter & D. Yeates (1♀ AMNH); [Libertador General San Martín] Ledesma-Jujuy [23°49′59″S 64°46′59″W], 28-i-[1]958, Torres-Ferreyra col. (3♁ & 2♀ MLP); Argentina, Cololao[Colalao], Prov.[incia] Tucuman, Dirings (2♀ MZUSP); S.[an] Pedro [de] Colalao [26°14′00″S 65°29′00″W], i.1934 (1♁ MZUSP); S.[an] P.[edro] [de] Colalao, Tucumán (R.[epublica] A.[rgentina]) i.1948 Coll. Arnau (1♁ & 2♀ MZUSP); Sama data, i.[19]49 (2♀ MZUSP); Sama data, ii.[19]49 Arnau (6♀ MZUSP); Monte Bello [27°22′36″S 65°44′58″W], Tucumán, i.1943 O.P. leg. / M.Bello Tuc. i.43 leg. O.P. / Catostola sp. ♀ (1♀ MZUSP); Tucuman-R.[epublica]A.[rgentina] S. Ramon Garcia col. xi.[19]47 (1♁ MZUSP)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Vieira, R., Ayala-Landa, J. M. & Rafael, J. A. (2017) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): new combinations, synonyms, new species and new records for Argentina. Zootaxa, 4216 (3), 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4216.3.5","Sanchez, P. & Camargo, A. (2021) Description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, revalidation of Ctenodontina carrerai (Hull) stat. rev., and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of Peruvian species of Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae). Zootaxa, 5027 (2), 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.2.7","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56.","Papavero, N. (2009) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera, 17, 1 - 178."]}

Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958 comb. rev. (Figs 14–15, 45) Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958: 321; Hull, 1962 (2): 481, 482, figs. 349, 394, 786, 1545, 1554, 2201, 2205 (synopsis of world fauna). Ctenodontina carrerai; Martin & Papavero, 1970: 70 (catalogue, combination); Lamas, 1972: 313 (catalogue); Lamas, 1973: 275 (synonym of Ctenodontina maya Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36, figs. 17–26 (status revalidated); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue, synonym of Ctenodontina maya Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 273, 274, 278, fig. 4 (status revalidated, key). Ctenodontina maya; Lamas, 1973: 275, 276, figs. 1–3 (key); Fisher, 1985: 34 (species list); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36, figs. 12, 27, 29–34 (Lecania -group catalogue); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue); Vieira, 2012: 2, fig. 1 (key); Vieira, 2014: 314 (comments); Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 290, figs. 1, 3 (key); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 275, 276, 278, fig. 5 (comments, key). Diagnosis. Face greyish white pruinose; ocellar tubercle with two pairs of proclinated black setae; mystical mystacal white, with a few black macrosetae dorsally; fore and mid femora sharply marked with black stripe on anterodorsal surface (Fig. 14A); hind femur wholly black (Fig. 14C); fore and mid tibiae wholly pale, except for a short discal black spot on anterior surface; hind tibia blackish or dark brown on outer fifth (Fig. 14A); hind femur with a cluster of 15 or more short, stout, sub-tuberculate, black and yellow macrosetae closely set and appressed (Fig. 14C); terminalia black (Fig. 14D); dorsal epandrial margin without an indentation, gently concave on its mid-length (Fig. 15A–B, F); apex of epandrium with a short projection pointed downwards (Fig. 15A–B, F); apex of gonocoxite almost sickle-like shape apically (Fig. 15G–H). This diagnosis is based on the original description of Hull (1958) and the description of the male terminalia provided in an addendum by Sánchez & Camargo (2021). Taxonomic discussion. The type of this species was deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S„o Paulo (MZUSP) (Papavero 2009), however in two recent visits by the senior author to the collection (2015 and 2017), the type was not located and it is considered lost (see Sánchez & Camargo 2021). Lamas (1973) synonymized this species with Ctenodontina maya Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953. Back in that time, only three species were known: Ctenodontina carrerai, Ctenodontina maya and Ctenodontina pectinatipes Enderlein, 1914. Lamas (1973) described the fourth species, Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, 1973, and as pointed out by Sánchez & Camargo (2021), the discrepancy between Ctenodontina pectinatipes and Ctenodontina mochica, may have led Lamas (1973) to recognize Ctenodontina carrerai as a synonym of Ctenodontina maya, since they are much more similar when compared with Ctenodontina mochica and Ctenodontina pectinatipes. Recently, Sánchez & Camargo (2021) revalidated the status of this species and described the male terminalia in an addendum to the original description, including new distribution records for Peru. This revalidation was based mainly on characters of the male terminalia. The femoral swelling in Catostola carrerai comb. rev., is shallower and almost inconspicuous (Fig. 14C); the dorsal epandrial margin lacks an indentation (gently concave) on its mid-length (Fig. 15A–B, F); the epandrial apex possesses a short projection pointed downwards (Fig. 15A–B, F) and the gonocoxal apex is sickle-like shaped (Fig. 15G–H). In the other hand Catostola maya comb. rev. has a conspicuous femoral swelling (Fig. 26); the dorsal epandrial margin has an indentation on its mid-length (Fig. 24E); the epandrial apex is rounded and pointed posteriorly (Fig. 24E) and the gonocoxal apex is enlarged, spatulated and rounded (Fig. 25E). Contrastingly, Catostola carrerai comb. rev., is more similar to Catostola sagta (Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017) comb. nov., which also possesses an almost inconspicuous femoral swelling on the male hind femora (Fig. 37). The main differences are again in the male terminalia. In Catostola sagta comb. nov., the dorsal epandrial margin possesses a gentle indentation on its mid-length and a very conspicuous dorsal apical projection only slightly downwards curved apically, its proximal part much more enlarged (Fig. 34E) and the apex of the gonocoxite is pointed (Fig. 35E). It is interesting to mention that in the description of Catostola stat. rev., Hull (1958) describes the S8 and in the description of the species, he calls the same structure as hypandrium. With the revalidation of Catostola carrerai comb. rev., by Sánchez & Camargo (2021) and with the current revalidation of the status of Catostola stat. rev., in the present work this species becomes a valid species of Catostola stat. rev. Only additional specimens collected in Peru were available for our study through images, which were kindly sent to us by Pável Sánchez (MUSM). Thus, we decided to provide only a brief diagnosis for this species, since redescription based on images should be avoided because some important characters like pruinosity and chaetotaxy would not be properly seen or described. Distribution (Fig. 45). Peru, (Junín, Valle Chanchamayo and Madre de Dios, Tambopata) (Hull 1958; Lamas 1973; Sánchez & Camargo 2021)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 25-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Hull, F. M. (1958) New genera of robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (3), 317 - 324.","Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the world. The genera of the family Asilidae. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin, 294 (1 & 2), 1 - 432 & 433 - 907. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.224","Martin, C. H. & Papavero, N. (1970) Family Asilidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 35 b. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S \" o Paulo, S \" o Paulo, pp 1 - 139.","Lamas, G. M. (1972) A catalogue of Peruvian Asilidae (Diptera), with keys to the identification and descriptions of two new species. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 15 (2), 304 - 316.","Lamas, G. M. (1973) Some comments on the genus Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera, Asilidae), with the description of a new species from coastal Peru. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 26 (23), 275 - 280.","Carrera, M & d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1953) Asilideos do Peru (Diptera). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (9), 63 - 78.","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56.","Papavero, N. (2009) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera, 17, 1 - 178.","Sanchez, P. & Camargo, A. (2021) Description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, revalidation of Ctenodontina carrerai (Hull) stat. rev., and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of Peruvian species of Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae). Zootaxa, 5027 (2), 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.2.7","Fisher, E. M. (1985) A preliminary list of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of the Tambopata Reserved Zone, Madre de Dios, Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 27, 25 - 36.","Vieira, R. (2012) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): First record for Brazil and description of a new species. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5402 / 2012 / 517410","Vieira, R. (2014) Description of the female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae), with new distribution records. Revista Brasileira de Entmologia, 58 (4), 313 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014005000005","Vieira, R., Ayala-Landa, J. M. & Rafael, J. A. (2017) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): new combinations, synonyms, new species and new records for Argentina. Zootaxa, 4216 (3), 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4216.3.5","Enderlein, G. (1914) Dipterologische Studien. XI. Zur Kenntnis tropisher Asiliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 44 (6), 241 - 263."]}

Catostola maya (Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953) comb. rev. (Figs 22–26, 45) Ctenodontina maya Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953: 75, figs. 9–11; Martin & Papavero, 1970: 70 (catalogue); Lamas, 1972: 313 (catalogue); Lamas, 1973: 275, 276, figs. 1–3 (key); Fisher, 1985: 34 (species list); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36, figs. 12, 27, 29–34 (Lecania -group catalogue); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue); Vieira, 2012: 2, fig. 1 (key); Vieira, 2014: 314 (comments); Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 290, figs. 1, 3 (key); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 275, 276, 278, fig. 5 (comments, key). Catostola maya; Hull, 1962 (2): 482 (synopsis of world fauna). Catostola carrerai; Lamas, 1973: 275 (synonym); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36, figs. 17–26 (treated as valid species); Papavero, 2009: 30 (treated as synonym); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 273, 274, 278, fig. 4 (status revalidated, key). Diagnosis. Face yellowish pruinose; mystax white pruinose with mystacal macrosetae white, except a few dark brown to black macrosetae mid-dorsally (Fig. 22C–D); fore and mid femora with anterior half black and posterior half yellow; hind femur black with a preapical swelling ventrally with short, stout black macrosetae (Fig. 26); terminalia shining black (Fig. 23E–G); epandrium with a small indentation dorsally at mid-length (Figs 23E, 24E); gonocoxite curved upwards on apical half with a rounded, spatulate apex with a very small tip (Fig. 25D–E); subepandrial sclerite with a pair of rounded and densely setose ventral projection (Fig. 25H–I). Redescription. Holotype male (Figs 22, 23C–D, 26A–B). Head (Fig. 22C–D): eyes black; face yellowish pruinose; mystax white pruinose with mystacal macrosetae white, except for a group of dark brown to black macrosetae mid-dorsally (Fig. 22C–D); subvibrissal macrosetae and setae white; gena white pruinose; palpus black with black macrosetae and setae, only a few white setae at base; proboscis black, labial setae yellowish, proboscial setae white with three brown setae anteriorly; antennal socket black, yellowish pruinose; frons golden brown pruinose; orbital setae black; ocellar tubercle black, golden brown pruinose with 3 proclinate black setae behind posterior ocelli and 1 short black setae behind anterior ocelli; vertex golden brown pruinose; occiput white pruinose; 11–12 black postocular macrosetae proximally plus 3–4 yellowish macrosetae distally, other dorsal occipital setae whitish; lateral occipital and lower occipital setae white, slightly branched. Antenna: scape and pedicel black, slightly dark reddish apically, black setose, both sparsely brownish pruinose; postpedicel reddish black, whitish pruinose with 4–5 short whitish setae dorsally at base; stylus dark reddish brown, first article minute, second article long and slender, slightly enlarged subapically ending in a black tip (Fig. 23A–B). Thorax (Fig. 22A–B): ochre brown pruinose; antepronotum and postpronotum brown pruinose laterally; scutum with a pair of dark brown almost black pruinose paramedian stripes rounded anteriorly, laterally, and fading after postsutural spots; pre and postsutural spots and prescutellar spots dark brown almost black pruinose; median stripe brown pruinose; scutellum greyish brown pruinose (Fig. 23D); pleura ochre brown pruinose. Chaetotaxy: antepronotal macrosetae and setae yellowish; 2 notopleural; 2 supra alar; 1 postalar and four pairs of dorsocentral black macrosetae after suture; scutum with short black acrostichal setae; scutellum with short sparse black discal scutellar setae (Fig. 23D); anepisternum with, thin yellowish and black setae dorsally and yellowish posteriorly; katatergite with yellowish macrosetae and setae; remainder of pleura with thin and very sparse yellowish white setae. Wings (Fig. 23C): translucent; veins dark reddish brown, becoming dark reddish at base; R 4 slightly rounded in the junction with R 5 ; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of two crossvein r-m; crossvein r-m shortly after middle of discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of one crossvein m-m; cells m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: dark yellow. Legs (Figs 22A, 26): coxae and trochanters black with ochre brown pruinosity; fore and mid femora with anterior half black and posterior half yellow; hind femur black with a preapical swelling ventrally; tibiae yellow, for and mid tibiae with a black spot anteroventrally apically, and hind tibia with apical half black; fore and mid tarsi dark reddish yellow, hind tarsus reddish black. Chaetotaxy: coxae with white macrosetae and setae; hind coxa with yellowish macrosetae; hind trochanter with 1 anterior and 3 posterior dark brown macrosetae; fore femur with 9–10 brown ventral black macrosetae (proximal ones yellow); mid femur with 8–9 ventral (proximal ones reddish), 6 anteroventral, 4 anterior, 1 posterodorsal preapical and 1 posterior (reddish) black macrosetae; hind femur with 2 anteroventral preapical, 1 anterior (proximal), 1 pair dorsal preapical and 1 pair apical black macrosetae, ventral swelling with 15–16 short, stout black macrosetae; fore and mid femora black setose on black parts and yellow on yellow parts, hind femur with yellow setae on anterior half and black on posterior; tibiae with black macrosetae, short black setae anterodorsally and yellowish setae posteroventrally; tarsi with black macrosetae and setae; brush setae golden brownish; pulvilli pale yellow, empodium reddish; claws black, reddish basally. Abdomen (Fig. 22A–B): black; T1–5 dark brown pruinose mid dorsally and grey pruinose laterally; T6–7 white pruinose; T1 with 5–6 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae and a tuft of long marginal lateral setae; T2 with 8–9 and T3 with 7 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae; other setae yellowish with a few dark brown mixed mid-dorsally; T4–7 only with long yellowish marginal lateral setae; sternites greyish pruinose with sparse, long, thin yellowish setae; membranous bands reddish brown with pruinosity of same colour; S6 with very long, very thin, yellowish setae; S7 with a few black setae mixed posteriorly. Terminalia (Figs 23E–G, 24–25): shining black, except apex of cercus, apex of gonocoxite and gonostylus reddish black, phallus dark reddish; terminalia black setose, except cercus, subepandrial sclerite, ventral apex of epandrium, lateral and posterior margins of S8 with reddish brown setae (Fig. 23E–G); T8 with longer black setae at posterior corners (Fig. 23E–F); S8 black setose, setae longer at apex of mid-posterior projection (Fig. 23E–G); laterally and internally with branched setae (internal setae branched), (Fig. 24C–D); epandrium with a fringe of long and stout black setae at dorsal margin with a tuft of 6–7 black macrosetae anteroventrally; epandrium rounded apically and with a small indentation dorsally at mid-length (Figs 23E, 24E); hypandrium concave at posterior margin (Fig. 24G); gonocoxite curved upwards on apical half with rounded more or less spatulate apex with a very small tip (Fig. 25A, D–E); gonocoxite slightly curved outward in dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 25B–C); gonocoxal apodeme wrench-like anteriorly (Fig. 25D–E); gonostylus strongly constricted sub-apically with rounded apex and ventral margin blade-like (Fig. 25F); ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped, directed posteriorly; phallus with prongs long and thin (Fig. 25A, G); cercus short, rounded distally; subepandrial sclerite short with rounded apex and with a pair of rounded and densely setose ventral projection (Fig. 25H–I). Holotype condition (Figs 22, 23C–D, 26A–B). Postpedicel (Fig. 22D) and left hind leg missing (Fig. 22A); right eye damaged (Fig. 22C), right wing damaged anteriorly, right mid femur crossed by pin, last 2 tarsomeres of right mid leg missing; abdomen cut on T4 and dissected, dissected parts in microvial pinned with the specimen. Female. Carrera & d’Andretta (1953) mention only that the female is similar to the male with hind femora smooth without the spinous callosity. Variation. Only one supra alar macrosetae. Taxonomic discussion. Postpedicel, abdomen after T3 and male terminalia were redescribed based on additional material. The female paratype (Tingo Maria, 670 m, april-1947, Weyrauch) mentioned by Carrera & d’Andretta (1953) was not located during visits to the Diptera collection of the MZUSP. This species can be easily separated from other Catostola species by the presence of a well-developed femoral swelling ventrally on hind femur of males (Fig. 26). The most similar species are Catostola carrerai comb. rev., and Catostola sagta comb. nov. These two species have a smaller and less conspicuous swelling on male hind femora (Figs 14C, 37) and can be differentiated from C. maya comb. rev., by the epandrial arm with an indentation dorsally at mid-length (Fig. 24E) and the rounded, spatulate apex of the gonocoxite (Fig. 25D–E). Distribution (Fig. 45). Peru (Cuzco, Huánuco, Ucayali) and Bolivia (new record) (La Paz, Ichilo (as Sara)). Material examined. Holotype: [PERU], Tingo Maria, (Rio Huallaga) 700 m, 1.4.1940, leg. Weyrauch / WRW 3940 / 23.886 / Ctenodontina maya n.sp. M. Carreira d’And. 52 ♁ / Holótipo / MZ001356 (Fig. 22A [insert]) (♁ MZUSP). Additional material. [PERU] Middle Rio Ucayali [07°57′51″S 74°42′35″W], Peru, xi.18.[19]23, F 6174 / H. Bassler Collection Acc. 33591 (1♁ AMNH); Peru, Over Monzon River [09°13′59″S 76°19′23″W] 850 m, 17-vi-1964, J. Schunke / B.M. 1964-268 / Ctenodontina maya Carrera & d’Andretta det. J.E. Chainey, 1986 (1♁ NHM); Tingo Maria [09°18′05″S 76°02′10″W], Huan. [Huánuco], Peru, May 14.1947, Alt. 2200ft. [~ 670 m] / J.C. Pallister Coll. Donor Frank Johnson (1♁ AMNH); BOLIVIA [La Paz, Larecaja]- Mapiri 4.iii.03 Sarampioni [Sarampiuni, 15°25′10″S 68°06′58″W] 700m / Coll.W. Schnuse 1911-3 / Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde Dresden (1♁ & 1♀ SNSD ); Bolivia-Mapiri 23.i.03 Sarampioni 700m / Coll. W. Schnuse 1911-3 / Staatl. Museum f̧r Tierkunde Dresden (1♁ SNSD); Bolivia-Mapiri 8.iii.03 Sarampioni 700m / Coll. W. Schnuse 1911-3 / Staatl. Museum f̧r Tierkunde Dresden [dissected] (1♁ SNSD); Bolivia-Mapiri 10.i.03 S.[an] Carlos [15°23′58″S 68°11′00″W] 800m / Coll. W. Schnuse 1911-3 / Staatl. Museum f̧r Tierkunde Dresden (1♀ SNSD); Bolivia-Mapiri 20.i.03 Sarampioni 700m / Coll. W. Schnuse 1911-3 / Staatl. Museum f̧r Tierkunde Dresden (1♀ SNSD); Bolivia-Mapiri 8.iii.03 Sarampioni 700m / Coll. W. Schnuse 1911-3 / Staatl. Museum f̧r Tierkunde Dresden (1♀ SNSD); Bolivia-Mapiri 4.ii.03 Sarampioni 700m / Coll. W. Schnuse 1911-3 / Staatl. Museum f̧r Tierkunde Dresden (1♀ SNSD); Bolivia-Mapiri 25.i.03 Sarampioni 700m / Coll. W. Schnuse 1911-3 / Staatl. Museum f̧r Tierkunde Dresden (1♀ SNSD). O.[st] [East] Bolivien Prov. [incia] Sara [Ichilo, Buena Vista, 17°27′32″S 63°39′33″W], 600-700m ix.1906 -iii.07 J. Steinbach S. V. (2♀ MfN); Bolivia Prov. Sara Dep. Santa Cruz J. Steinbach S. V. (1♀ MfN)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Carrera, M & d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1953) Asilideos do Peru (Diptera). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (9), 63 - 78.","Martin, C. H. & Papavero, N. (1970) Family Asilidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 35 b. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S \" o Paulo, S \" o Paulo, pp 1 - 139.","Lamas, G. M. (1972) A catalogue of Peruvian Asilidae (Diptera), with keys to the identification and descriptions of two new species. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 15 (2), 304 - 316.","Lamas, G. M. (1973) Some comments on the genus Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera, Asilidae), with the description of a new species from coastal Peru. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 26 (23), 275 - 280.","Fisher, E. M. (1985) A preliminary list of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of the Tambopata Reserved Zone, Madre de Dios, Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 27, 25 - 36.","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56.","Papavero, N. (2009) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera, 17, 1 - 178.","Vieira, R. (2012) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): First record for Brazil and description of a new species. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5402 / 2012 / 517410","Vieira, R. (2014) Description of the female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae), with new distribution records. Revista Brasileira de Entmologia, 58 (4), 313 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014005000005","Vieira, R., Ayala-Landa, J. M. & Rafael, J. A. (2017) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): new combinations, synonyms, new species and new records for Argentina. Zootaxa, 4216 (3), 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4216.3.5","Sanchez, P. & Camargo, A. (2021) Description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, revalidation of Ctenodontina carrerai (Hull) stat. rev., and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of Peruvian species of Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae). Zootaxa, 5027 (2), 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.2.7","Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the world. The genera of the family Asilidae. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin, 294 (1 & 2), 1 - 432 & 433 - 907. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.224"]}

Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, 1973 (Figs 1–3, 8) Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, 1973: 276, 277, figs. 4–7; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36 (catalogue); Vieira, 2012: 2, fig. 1 (key); Vieira, 2014: 314 (comments); Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 290, figs. 1, 4 (key); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 270, 278, figs. 1–3 (female description, key). Diagnosis. Face silvery pruinose; mystacal macrosetae white (Figs 1A, 3A); scape and pedicel dark yellow-brown; postpedicel and stylus brownish (Figs 1A, 3A); thorax light yellow-brown; paramedian stripes, pre and postsutural spots and prescutellar spot dark; legs yellow brown with apex of last tarsomeres dark brown almost black (Figs 1A, 3A); hind femur with a conspicuous sack-like swelling on distal forth ventrally, bearing a number of short white spines on its apex (Fig. 1B–C); an elongated concavity on proximal sixth of ventral surface of hind tibiae, opposite the femoral swelling (Fig. 1B–C); abdomen yellow brown with silvery and golden pruinosity (Fig. 1A); male terminalia reddish brown (Fig. 1D–E), S8 with a mid-posterior projection bilobed apically (Fig. 2D) and white setose apically (Figs 1D–E, 2A); epandrium with rounded apex, in lateral view (Fig. 1D), with black and white setae (Fig. 1D–E); gonocoxite subtriangular and rounded apically in lateral view (Fig. 2F–G); hypandrium convex anteriorly and with a triangular indentation at posterior margin (Fig. 2E); female terminalia compressed laterally and shining reddish brown (Fig. 3B–C); T8 as long as T6 and T7 combined (Fig. 3B–D); spermatheca with two oval capsules (Fig. 3E). This diagnosis is based on the original description of Lamas (1973) and an additional description of the male terminalia and female by Sánchez & Camargo (2021). Taxonomic discussion. Lamas (1973) described this species based on a single male specimen that seemed to him to be a newly hatched imago and that the colour-pattern could be somewhat darker in an older specimen. Recently Sánchez & Camargo (2021) described the female and provided an addendum to the description of the male terminalia of this species. This species has a very conspicuous sack-like swelling on the distal fourth ventrally of the hind femora of males and the hind tibia is curved on the anterior third with a ventral hollow which seems to accommodate the femoral projection while in resting position (Fig. 1A–C). In addition, the S8 has a mid-posterior bilobed projection (Fig. D) which helps to separate it from Ctenodontina pectinatipes. Distribution (Fig. 8). Peru (Tumbes, Piura and La Libertad)., Published as part of Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5276 on pages 7-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7907294, {"references":["Lamas, G. M. (1973) Some comments on the genus Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera, Asilidae), with the description of a new species from coastal Peru. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 26 (23), 275 - 280.","Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. (1995) The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. 10. Subfamily Asilinae Leach - Lecania - Group, with a catalogue of Neotropical species. Theoria, 4, 33 - 56.","Vieira, R. (2012) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): First record for Brazil and description of a new species. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5402 / 2012 / 517410","Vieira, R. (2014) Description of the female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae), with new distribution records. Revista Brasileira de Entmologia, 58 (4), 313 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014005000005","Vieira, R., Ayala-Landa, J. M. & Rafael, J. A. (2017) Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae): new combinations, synonyms, new species and new records for Argentina. Zootaxa, 4216 (3), 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4216.3.5","Sanchez, P. & Camargo, A. (2021) Description of the female of Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, revalidation of Ctenodontina carrerai (Hull) stat. rev., and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of Peruvian species of Ctenodontina Enderlein (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae). Zootaxa, 5027 (2), 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.2.7"]}