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In this study, the generalized perturbed-KdV partial differential equation is examined. Furthermore, symmetry generators address the Lie invariance criteria. The suggested approach produces the Lie algebra, where translation symmetries in space and time are associated with mass conservation and conservation of energy respectively, the other symmetries are scaling or dilation. The optimal system of the obtained system developed. By using Lie Group methods, the generalized perturbed-KdV partial differential equation is changed using suitable similarity transformations through a system of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The new extended direct algebraic approach is applied to get the soliton solutions. As a result, a plane solution, periodic stumps, compacton, smooth soliton, mixed hyperbolic solution, periodic and mixed periodic solutions, mixed trigonometric solution, trigonometric solution, peakon soliton, anti-peaked with decay, shock solution, mixed shock singular solution, mixed singular solution, complex solitary shock solution, singular solution and shock wave solutions are developed. The behavior of certain solutions is shown in 3-D and 2-D for specific values of the physical components in the studied equation. The outcomes hold significance for elevating research to a more impactful and effective level. The whole set of local conservation laws for the generalized perturbed-KdV equation for any arbitrary constant coefficients is found by applying the conservation laws multiplier. These findings are pivotal for advancing the current understanding and pushing the boundaries of knowledge to new heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we prove Ostrowski–Mercer inequalities for differentiable harmonically convex functions. It is also shown that the newly proved inequalities can be converted into some existing inequalities. Furthermore, it is provided that how the newly discovered inequalities can be applied to special means of real numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article disputes the study of convective flow for improved nanofluid along with an erect heated plate via Prabhakar‐like energy transport. The governing equations for this mathematical model are obtained by Prabhakar fractional derivative. To attain the generalized results for dimensionless velocity profile and temperature profile, a scheme of Laplace transform is applied. By applying the conditions of nanofluid flow, we develop the constantly accelerated, variables accelerated, and non‐uniform accelerated solution of the model. Prabhakar fractional derivative for improved nanofluid based on generalized Fourier's thermal flux is determined for heat transfer. Different structures of graphs are performed for ordinary fractional parameters. As a result, it is found that temperature of Ag − H2O is higher than Cu − H2O and TiO2 − H2O nanoparticles and the reverse trend can be found for velocity. Furthermore, temperature and velocity can be enhanced by increasing the values of fractional parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prime motive to conduct this communication is to explicate hydrothermal attributes of water by inducing new composition of nanoparticles termed as ternary particles. For this purpose, two differently natured groups one with lesser densities (Carbon nanotubes, Graphene and Aluminium oxide) and with higher densities (Copper oxide, Copper and Silver) are accounted. A 3D permeable surface is considered as a physical configuration of problem by providing dual stretching. Initially, mathematical structuring in dimensional representation expressing the constitutive relations for mass, momentum and energy conservation is manifested. Later on, a set of similar variables are executed to express attained coupled system into ordinary form. Numerical simulations are performed to find solution by employing shooting and RK-4 methods in conjunction. Description about change is displayed through graphical visualization. Subsequently, temperature distribution and heat flux coefficient against sundry variables are also measured and comprehensively discussed in pictorial and tabular format. Wall drag coefficients along (x, y) directions are also computed. It is inferred from the outcomes that velocity, temperature and concentration of base fluid is higher for ternary group 1 containing particles of low densities than for group 2 with more denser particles. It is also deduced that elevation in temperature of fluid is revealed against Soret number whereas contrary aspects is observed in view of concentration distribution. Dufour number has declining impact on temperature profile whereas it upsurges the mass distribution. It is depicted that skin friction in case of group containing particles with less densities are more than other group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the fractional Peyrard–Bishop DNA dynamical governing system, which displays the proliferation of optical pulses in field of plasma and the optical fibre. The analytical method is utilized to find travelling wave solutions because the inverse scattering transform cannot solve the Cauchy problem for this equation. The Φ 6 -model expansion method is an efficient and dependable technique for generating the generalised solitonic wave profiles with a wide range of soliton families. The main advantage of the offered analytical strategy is that it specifies a constraint for each solution to guarantee its existence. As a result, solitonic wave structures get attributes such as the Jacobi elliptic function, periodicity, brightness, dark-brightness, singularity, exponential, trigonometry, and rational solitonic structures, among others, under existence conditions that have not been explored previously. The results are represented graphically in 2-D, 3-D, and contour glimpses to illustrate the behavioural responses to pulse propagation by inferring the fitting values of system parameters. The stabilty of the considered model is discussed and develope the stability condition. The fractional parameter is responsible for reducing singularity and continuing to increase the smoothness in wave patterns. It is easy to employ the Φ 6 -model expansion method to other complicated non-linear systems and acquire solitary waves pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the nonlinear time-fractional model in the sense of a solitonic structure. A non-linear Schrödinger equation has applications in light scattering, indirect optical pulses as well as planer waves and to Bose-Einstein condensates enclosed in an anisotropic-shaped cigar, in a mean-field state, etc. A new extended direct algebraic method is utilized to get the soliton solutions with modified M-truncated and Atangana–Baleanu fractional operators which have Mittag-Leffler kernel. The obtained solutions contain new families of functions such as trigonometric, hyperbolic, rational, and exponential functions. The graphical 2D, 3D, contour, and also 3D spherical presentation pictorial the analysis with the feasible parametric values. On the evidence of the acquired solutions, it can be presumed that this technique is more effective and generalized to obtain solutions of many other non-linear partial differential equations that appear in different scientific disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Delta and Omicron variants' system was used in this research study to replicate the complex process of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The generalised fractional system was designed and rigorously analysed in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the transmission dynamics of both variants. The proposed dynamical system has heredity and memory effects, which greatly improved our ability to perceive the disease propagation dynamics. The non-singular Atangana–Baleanu fractional operator was used to forecast the current pandemic in order to meet this challenge. The Picard recursions approach can be used to ensure that the designed fractional system has at least one solution occupying the growth condition and memory function regardless of the initial conditions. The Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability criteria were used to carry out the stability analysis of the fractional governing system of equations, and the fixed-point theory ensured the uniqueness of the solution. Additionally, the model exhibited global asymptotically stable behaviour in some conditions. The approximate behaviour of the fatal virus was investigated using an efficient and reliable fractional numerical Adams–Bashforth approach. The outcome demonstrated that there will be a significant decline in the population of those infected with the Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants if the vaccination rate is increased (in both the symptomatic and symptomatic stages). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate novel optical solitons solutions for the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel (LPD) equation, along with group velocity dispersion and spatio-temporal dispersion, via three altered analytical techniques. A variety of bright, singular, dark, periodic singular, and kink solitons solutions are constructed via the Kudryashov method, the generalized tanh method and the Sardar-subequation method. The dynamical behavior of the extracted solutions is demonstrated in graphical form such as 3D plots, 2D plots, and contour plots. The originality of the obtained solutions is recognized by comparison with each other and solutions previously stated in the literature for the LPD model, which displays the efficiency of the methods under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weakly nonlinear wave propagation that occurs in the presence of magnetic fields, in which energy is concentrated in a narrow band of wave-numbers in a dispersive and dissipative fluid. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the (2 + 1) - dimensional elliptic nonlinear Schrodinger equation under the influence of three different fractional operators. The generalized fractional soliton solutions and propagation of magnetohydrodynamics fluid in sort of solition will be visualized. The Conformable, β and M-truncated fractional operator applied to classical evolution Schrodinger equation. In order to get the analytical closed form solution, one of the generalized approach new extended direct algebraic method is utilized. The fractional nonlinear elliptic Schrodinger equation is developed in three different fractional sense. The similarity transformation technique converted the controlling fractional system to ordinary differential equations. The fractional analytical solutions such as, plane solution, mixed hyperbolic solution, periodic and mixed periodic solutions, mixed trigonometric solution, trigonometric solution, shock solution, mixed shock singular solution, mixed singular solution, complex solitary shock solution, singular solution and shock wave solutions are obtained. The graphical 2-D and 3-D representation of the results is shown to express the propagation of fluid with the magnetic field by assuming the appropriate values of the involved parameters. The graphical performance of the obtained solution at various settings of parametric values and fractional order reveals new perspectives and fascinating model phenomena. The attained outcomes have significant applications and have opened up innovative development areas for research across numerous scientific fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the fractional model of the bioconvection flow of a MHD viscous fluid for vertical surface has been investigated. Introducing dimensionless variables, the governing equations are solved by Laplace transform technique. Classical governing model is drawn out to fractional order technique with non-singular kernel which can be used to explain the memory for natural phenomena. Since this operator describes the rate of change at each point of the measured interval, so we use this operator. To see the behavior of related parameters physically, some graphs have been plotted in conclusion section. In the end, some useful conclusions have been attained. It is resulted that constant proportional Caputo fractional derivative measures the memory strong in comparison with Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio fractional approaches. Further, on comparison between different kinds of viscous fluid (Water, Air, Kerosene) and found that temperature and velocity of air are higher than water and kerosene, respectively. The impacts of dimensionless numbers on velocity field have been discussed graphically and concluded that velocity increased by increasing Gr and showed opposite behavior for M and Ra . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By applying the Sardar subequation method, we study new coupled Konno–Oono (CKO) equation and obtained soliton type solutions in the form of bright, dark, singular, periodic singular and combined solutions. In nonlinear sciences, CKO equation is very important and has applications in magnetic field. In order to better explanation of the developed solutions, different sketches of some solutions are drawn. The proposed approach is simple, direct and effective to obtain new results for nonlinear equations in mathematical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wave propagation has the significant role in the field of coastal engineering and ocean. In the geographical fields, waves are primary source of environmental process owed to energy conveyance on floating structure. This study aims to investigate the system of cold bosonic atoms in zig-zag optics lattices. The solitonic patterns of the considered model successfully surveyed by using two integrated analytical techniques new extended direct algebraic and G ′ G 2 expansion method. The exact solutions are presented by rational, trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential functions. On the basis of solitons, we need to show that which one is more integrated and robust scheme. These solutions will help to understood the dynamics of cold bosonic atoms in zig-zag optical lattices and the several other systems. Three dimensional as well as two dimensional comparison presented for a cold bosonic atoms model solutions which are revealed diagrammatically for appropriate parameters by using Mathematica. This study will help physicists to predict some new hypothesis and theories in the field of mathematical physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the Chen–Lee–Liu dynamical equation, which represents the propagation of optical pulses in optical fibers and plasma. A new extended direct algebraic technique and Nucci's scheme are used to find new solitary wave profiles. The method covers thirty-seven solitonic wave profiles, including approximately all soliton families, in an efficient and generic manner. New solitonic wave patterns are obtained, including a plane solution, mixed hyperbolic solution, periodic and mixed periodic solutions, mixed trigonometric solution, trigonometric solution, shock solution, mixed shock singular solution, mixed singular solution, complex solitary shock solution, singular solution and shock wave solutions. The exact fractional solution is obtained using Nucci's reduction approach. The impact of the fractional order parameter on the solution is considered using both mathematical expressions and graphical visualization. The fractional order parameter is responsible for controlling the singularity of the solution which is graphically displayed. A sensitivity analysis was used to predict the sensitivity of equations with respect to initial conditions. To demonstrate the pulse propagation characteristics, while taking suitable values for the parameters involved, 2-D, 3-D, and contour graphics of the outcomes achieved are presented. The influence of the fractional order ζ is shown graphically. A periodic-singular wave with lower amplitude and dark-singular behaviour is inferred from the graphical behaviour of the trigonometric function solution H 1 and the rational function solution H 34 from the obtained solutions, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals with the applications of thermodynamical geometries on conformal gravity black holes (CGBH) consisting of conformal parameters a and k. The stability of black hole (BH) addressed with the aid of small, middle, large and divergency roots, respectively. For this purpose, graphical behavior of heat capacity and temperature versus horizon radius is presented which help us to show the stability conditions. Further, studied the different geometries like Weinhold, Ruppeiner, Geometrothermodynamics (GTD) and Hendi-Panahiyah-Eslam-Momennia (HPEM), and found relationship between divergency of scalar curvature and zeros of heat capacity. As a result, it is noticed that Ruppeiner, HPEM and GTD metric exhibit more important information as compared to Weinhold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unsteady flow of Williamson fluid with the effect of bioconvection in the heat and mass transfer occurring over a stretching sheet is investigated. A uniform magnetic field, thermal radiation, thermal dissipation, and chemical reactions are taken into account as additional effects. The physical problem is formulated in the form of a system of partial differential equations and solved numerically. For this purpose, similarity functions are involved to transmute these equations into corresponding ordinary differential equations. After that, the Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique is employed to evaluate the desired findings with the utilization of a MATLAB script. As a result, the effects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles as well as on the skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer are discussed with the aid of graphs and tables. The parameters of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are responsible for the rise in temperature and bioconvection Rayleigh number diminishes the velocity field. This study on nanofluid bioconvection has been directly applied in the pharmaceutical industry, microfluidic technology, microbial improved oil recovery, modelling oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and many other fields. Further, to check the accuracy and validation of the present results, satisfactory concurrence is observed with the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the perturbed Chen-Lee-Liu governing mode which portrays the propagating phenomena of the optical pulses in the discipline of optical fiber and plasma. The Cauchy problem for this equation cannot be solved by the inverse scattering transform and we use an analytical approach to find traveling wave solutions. One of the generalized techniques Φ 6 - model expansion method is exerted to find new solitary wave profiles. It is an effective, and reliable technique that provides generalized solitonic wave profiles including numerous types of soliton families. As a result, solitonic wave patterns attain, like Jacobi elliptic function, periodic, dark, bright, singular, dark-bright, exponential, trigonometric, and rational solitonic structures, etc. The constraint corresponding to each obtained solution provides the guarantee of the existence of the solitary wave solutions. The graphical 2-D, 3-D, and contour visualization of the obtained results is presented to express the pulse propagation behaviors by assuming the appropriate values of the involved parameters. The Φ 6 - model expansion method is simple which can be easily applied to other complex non-linear models and get solitary wave structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, MHD Brinkman-type fluid flow containing titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticle hybrid nanoparticles with generalized Mittag–Leffler kernel-based fractional derivative is investigated in the presence of bioconvection. The governing equations with dimensional analysis and fractional approach are obtained by using the fractional Fourier's law for heat flux and Fick's law for diffusion. As a result, the bioconvection Rayleigh number, which is responsible for the declining in the fluid velocity and fractional parameters used to control the thermal and momentum boundary layers thickness of fluid properties. The obtained solutions can be beneficial for proper analysis of real data and provide a tool for testing possible approximate solutions where needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new extended direct algebraic technique is used to attain the new exact solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear fractional couple Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson system (DSWS). This DSWS has a lot of applications in water waves, fluid mechanics, quantum mechanics, chemistry, and biology. This system is developed in the perspective of fractional theory of calculus, for this purpose Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative (RLFD), β -fractional differential operator and Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative (ABFD) are utilized. The attained solutions contain some new families such as trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions, rational functions, logarithmic functions, and exponential functions. The graphically analysis and comparison of solutions are plotted by taking appropriate values of the constant parameters to enhance the understanding of physical real-life phenomena. The approach is said to be compatible and effective as a scientific approach for the examination of the various spacetime fractional models in engineering and physics concerning real-life issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the loss of useful energy and solutions to those energy challenges have a wide scope in different areas of engineering. This work focuses on entropy analysis for unsteady viscoelastic fluids. The momentum boundary layer and thermal boundary layer are described under the effects of a magnetic field in the absence of an induced magnetic field. The study of a fractional model of Maxwell nanofluid by partial differential equation using Caputo time differential operator can well address the memory effect. Using transformations, the fractional ordered partial differential equations (PDEs) are transfigured into dimensionless PDEs. Numerical results for fractional Maxwell nanofluids flow and heat transfer are driven graphically. The Bejan number is obtained following the suggested transformation of dimensionless quantities like entropy generation. A mathematical model of entropy generation, Bejan number, Nusselt number and skin friction are developed for nanofluids. Effects of different physical parameters like Brickman number, Prandtl number, Grashof number and Hartmann number are illustrated graphically by MAPLE. Results depict that the addition of nanoparticles in base-fluid controls the entropy generation that enhances the thermal conductivity and application of magnetic field has strong effects on the heat transfer of fractional Maxwell fluids. An increasing behavior in entropy generation is noticed in the presence of source term and thermal radiation parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancement of heat transfer due to stretching sheets can be appropriately controlled by the movement of the nanofluids. The concentration and settling of the nanoparticles in the viscous MHD fluid and bioconvection are addressed. In this scenario, the fluid flow occurring in the presence of a normal and uniform magnetic field, thermal radiation, and chemical reaction is taken into account. For the two-dimensional flow with heat and mass transfer, five dependent variables and three independent variables constitute the system of partial differential equations. For this purpose, similarity functions are involved to convert these equations to corresponding ODEs. Then, the Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique is used to evaluate the required findings with the utilization of MATLAB script. The fluid velocity becomes slow against the strength of the magnetic parameter. The temperature rises with the parameter of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The bioconvection Lewis number diminishes the velocity field. Compared with the existing literature, the results show satisfactory congruences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to investigate free convection of a Casson fluid past a vertical plate embedded in porous medium with invariant wall temperature. It is assumed that the fluid can conduct electricity and it is flowing across a porous medium. The partial differential equations governing the model are made dimensionless by using dimensionless parameters. The Laplace transform method is applied to get analytical results. Furthermore, the hybrid fractional model is developed and the exact solutions for momentum and energy equations are acquired. The obtained results are compared with classical ones and the effect of hybrid fractional parameters are analyzed graphically by using MathCad software. Skin friction and heat transfer rate Nu is analyzed for small and large times and for hybrid fractional parameter β . We also have seen the increasing velocity profiles for buoyancy parameter Gr, whereas temperature of the fluid decreases for PrPr. The rate of heat transfer (Nu) and skin friction (Cf ) can be minimized by increasing the values of β . Furthermore, the constant proportional Caputo derivative model exhibits more decay in velocity in comparison with classical model given in Khalid et al. Therefore, the constant proportional Caputo differential model demonstrates better memory function than the classical one. Moreover, the obtained results are identical to already published results of Khalid et al. and Imran et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two efficient integration schemes, new extended hyperbolic function and generalized tanh are employed to discover optical soliton solutions to magneto-optic waveguides that retains anti-cubic form of nonlinear refractive index. Bright, dark, periodic singular, singular, and combo soliton solutions have created. These solutions expose the comprehensive variety of soliton solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, unsteady free convection flow of Maxwell fluid containing clay-nanoparticles is investigated. These particles are hanging in water, engine oil and kerosene. The values for nanofluids based on the Maxwell-Garnett and Brinkman models for effective thermal conductivity and viscosity are calculated numerically. The integer order governing equations are being extended to the novel non-integer order fractional derivative. Analytical solutions of temperature and velocity for Maxwell fluid are build using Laplace transform technique and expressed in such a way that they clearly satisfied the boundary conditions. To see the impact of different flow parameters on the velocity, we have drawn some graphs. As a result, we have seen that the fractional model is superior in narrate the decay property of field variables. Some limiting solutions are obtained and compared with the latest existing literature. Moreover, significant results can be observed for clay nanoparticles with different base fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unsteady flow of Jeffrey fluid along with a vertical plate is studied in this paper. The equations of momentum, energy, and generalized Fourier's law of thermal flux are transformed to non-dimensional form for the proper dimensionless parameters. The Prabhakar fractional operator is applied to acquire the fractional model using the constitutive equations. To obtain the generalized results for velocity and temperature distribution, Laplace transform is performed. The influences of fractional parameters α , β , γ , thermal Grashof number Gr , and non-dimensional Prandtl number Pr upon velocity and temperature distribution are presented graphically. The results are improved in the form of decay of energy and momentum equations, respectively. The new fractional parameter contains the Mittag-Leffler kernel with three fractional parameters which are responsible for better memory of the fluid properties rather than the exponential kernel appearing in the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional operator. The Prabhakar fractional operator has advantage over Caputo–Fabrizio in the real data fitting where needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the advancement of non-Newtonian fluid containing some nanoparticles between two parallel plates. A novel fractional operator is used to model memory effects, and analytical solutions are obtained for temperature and velocity fields by the method of Laplace transform. Moreover, a parametric study is elaborated to show the impact of flow parameters and presented in graphical form. As a result, dual solutions are predicted for increasing values of fractional parameters for short and long times. Furthermore, by increasing nanoparticle concentration, the temperature can be raised along with decreasing velocity. A fractional approach can provide new insight for the analytical solutions which makes the interpretation of the results easier and enable the way of testing possible approximate solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new approach of analytical solutions is carried out on the thermal transport phenomena of Brinkman fluid based on Prabhakar's fractional derivative with generalized Fourier's law. The governing equations are obtained through constitutive relations and analytical solutions obtained via Laplace transform technique. Solutions for temperature and velocity field were analyzed through graphical description by MathCad software. The fluid properties revealed various aspects for different flow parameters as well as fractional parameter values and found important results. As a result, it is found that fluid properties can be enhanced by increasing the values of fractional parameters and can be useful in some experimental data where suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unsteady flow of micropolar hybrid nanofluids through an oscillating vertical plate having infinite length has been analyzed in this study. This flow goes through Newtonian heating and thermal radiation. To enrich the thermal properties, we add copper and alumina nanoparticles to micropolar fluid. For the enhancement of heat transfer, water is taken as base liquid. The dimensionless reduced form of the governing equations for velocity, temperature and microrotation is formed by using dimensional analysis. We used Laplace transform method to have the exact solutions of these governing equations. MathCad's software has been used to visualize the effects on the flow of fluid graphically. We found that microrotation, velocity and temperature are inversely proportional to Prandtl number but directly proportional to Grashof number. Further, temperature can be enhanced for increasing value of Newtonian heating, radiation and volume fraction of nanoparticles copper and alumina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the Fokas system equation, which explains the nonlinear pulse propagation in single-mode fibres. The proposed new sub-equation approach and the modified Khater's method extract a more efficient and broad range of soliton solutions. These include multiple anti-kink, anti-kink, flat anti-kink, combined bright-periodic, multiple bright, v-shaped, bell-shaped, and flat bell-shaped singular soliton. The primary innovation of this paper lies in its discovery of a set of novel soliton solutions that provide insight into the interaction mechanisms of nonlinear waves within the realm of nonlinear physics. The travelling wave patterns of the model are graphically presented with suitable parameter values using the modern software Mathematica. The visual representation of the solutions in 3D, 2D, and contour surfaces enhances understanding of parameter impact. We conducted a sensitivity analysis on a newly developed dynamic framed structure that controls pulses using the velocity factor of the soliton wave. The proposed model's dynamics were observed and presented as bifurcation analysis, quasi-periodic chaotic, periodic systems and quasi-periodic. We anticipate that our research findings will catalyze advancing the study of nonlinear theory and its applications in optical fibres. This analysis confirms the effectiveness and reliability of the method employed, demonstrating its applicability in discovering travelling wave solitons for a wide range of nonlinear evolution equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single‐walled carbon nanotubes are the solid tiny materials in nature with efficient thermal conductivity and has many useful applications in biological domain specifically in the formation of biological nanofluid. The physical effects of single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) are considered in this study for free convection slippage flow of fractional viscous fluid by considering the thermal radiation, heat generation, chemical reaction of order first, and Newtonian heating through a porous medium. The fractional flow model of viscous fluid with SWCNT is constructed by inserting most recent approach of non‐integer derivative (constant proportional Caputo fractional derivative). Non‐dimensional boundary layer equations which govern the flow are solved analytically via integral transform, namely, the Laplace transform, and explicit transformed results for field variables, temperature, concentration, and velocity are established. Thermal and mass fluxes are also obtained numerically and presented in tabular form. The parametric study is carried out by plotting some graphs of thermal, concentration, and momentum profiles. In the light of paramedic study, it is noted that from the plots of field variables with slip condition are higher than that with the no‐slip condition. The constant proportional Caputo (CPC) fractional derivative is a best choice to get more stable temperature, concentration, and velocity fields than that of ordinary fields. More precisely, fractional parameter controls the boundary thickness of temperature, concentration, and velocity fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, analytical solution of hybrid Maxwell nanofluid of the vertical channel due to pressure gradient is discussed. By introducing dimensionless variables the governing equations with all levied initial and boundary conditions is converted into dimensionless form. Fractional model for Maxwell fluid is developed by Caputo time fractional differential operator by using the constitutive relation. The dimensionless expression for temperature and velocity are found using Laplace transform. Draw graphs of temperature and velocity by Mathcad software and discuss the behavior of flow parameters and the effect of fractional parameters. As a result, we have found by increasing the volumetric fraction of copper and alumina temperature increases and velocity decreases. Also, fluid flow properties showed dual behavior for small and large time, respectively, by increasing fractional parameters values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (2 + 1)-dimensional Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation is a significant model that describes the behaviour of conserved scalar nucleons and their connection to neutral scalar masons. This system exhibits self-formation and depends on various free parameters. It is commonly used to study the dynamics of scalar nucleons and neutral scalar masons. This research article used an extended direct algebraic technique to obtain exact travelling wave solutions for the Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov system. The obtained soliton solutions include various types, such as multi-periodic, periodic, plane, singular, bright, dark, and flat kink-type wave solitons. We present these soliton solutions graphically by varying the involved parameters using the advanced software program Wolfram Mathematica. The graphical representations in 3D, contour, and 2D surfaces allow us to visualise the behaviour of the solutions as the parameters change and the physical interpretation for these solutions is obtained. Additionally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to examine the wave profiles of the newly designed dynamical framework. The results of this analysis demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the proposed method, which can be applied to find closed-form travelling wave solitary solutions for a wide range of nonlinear evolution equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is aimed to analyze the unsteady micropolar nanofluid flow passing over an oscillating infinite vertical plate. The flow is affected by thermal radiation and Newtonian heating. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are added to enrich the thermal properties of the micropolar fluid. Kerosene is taken as the base liquid to enhance heat transfer. By using dimensional analysis, the governing equations for temperature, velocity, and microrotation are reduced to dimensionless form and after that, these equations have been solved by applying Laplace transform method to get the exact solutions. Finally, we have presented the effects of material and flow parameters and illustrated graphically by the Mathcad software. We found that microrotation, temperature, and velocity are decreasing functions of Prandtl number but have shown increasing behavior for Grashof number. Furthermore, we found that SWCNTs‐water‐based nanofluid has a comparatively higher heat transfer rate than SWCNTs‐kerosene and SWCNTs‐engine oil‐based nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clay nanoparticles are hanging in three different based fluids (water, kerosene, and engine oil). The exact terminologies of Maxwell-Garnett and Brinkman for the current thermophysical properties of clay nanofluids are used, while the flow occurrence is directed by a set linear PDE with physical initial and boundary conditions. The classical governing equations are extended to non-integer order hybrid fractional derivative which is introduced in [33]. Analytical solutions for temperature and velocity fields are attained via Laplace transform technique. Some limiting solutions are also obtained from the existing literature and compared for different values of fractional parameter. To vision the impact of several flow parameters on the temperature and velocity some graphs are drawn using Mathcad software and designed in different figures. As a result, we found that hybrid fractional model is better in describing the decay behavior of temperature and velocity in comparison of classical derivatives. In comparison of nanofluid with different base fluids, it is concluded that water-based nanofluid has higher velocity than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with breast cancer therapy with fractional derivative in porous medium. The classical model of energy balance equation can be generalized to some fractional derivatives namely, Caputo (C) with singular kernel and Atangana-Baleanu (ABC) with non-singular kernel. We have found the semi exact solutions of initial value problem via Laplace transform. Hyperthermia technique named as a moderate method for the treatment of breast cancer. Graphical illustration is provided for numerical values of embedded parameters with the help of MATHCAD software. As a result, a steady-state time required the therapeutic temperature point to get the death of tumor cell has been computed. A comparison has also been drawn between the solutions of fractional models with fractional derivatives and found that Atangana-Baleanu fractional model is well suited in exhibiting the memory effect of the temperature function. The findings of this research may serve the advantage that it is affordable and important in clinical or medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present an idea to attain the variety of novel optical solitons solutions for nonlinear time-fractional Clannish Random Walker's parabolic (CRWP) equation in the manner of β -derivative using a well-known analytical technique namely, extended direct algebraic method. A diversity of bright, singular, dark, periodic-singular and combo dark-bright solitons solutions are assembled in the shape of rational, hyperbolic and exponential functions. Some of the extracted results are sketched in the pattern of 3D, 2D and contour plots, for the purpose to demonstrate the physical behavior of the attained solutions. We also investigate the influence of the fractional order parameter on the obtained solutions which demonstrates how changes in this parameter affect the properties and behavior of the soliton solutions in the context of the time-fractional CRWP model. The novelty of the extracted solutions is determined by comparing with some other solutions which are already listed in the works for the CRWP equation, which shows the effectiveness and authenticity of the proposed method. The under consideration method is also utilized to any other nonlinear integer and fractional model appears in physics and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the flow and heat transfer for three-dimensional stagnation point flow of water based nanofluid over an exponentially stretching surface. The base fluid for the underdiscussion problem is taken to be water (H2O) and three distinct nanoparticles, namely, copper (Cu), alumina (Al2O3), and titania (TiO2). The simulations in this study assume that the surface temperature is also distributed exponentially and reduce the governing equations to a set of ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation. Series solutions are constructed for the velocity components and temperature. Results are discussed by plotting graphs. In order to find series solution of ordinary differential equations, we employed strong analytical technique referred as optimal homotopy method (OHAM). It is found that the drag force and rate of heat transfer can be enhance for Cu (Copper)- H2O (water) in comparison with other nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have analyzed the peristaltic flow of the mathematical model for a non-Newtonian Sisko fluid in the presence of a magnetic field and the heat transfer problem with the effects of both variable thermal conductivity and viscous dissipation. The governing equations of a non-Newtonian fluid along with heat and nanoparticles are modeled and simplified by the assumption of a low Reynolds number and a long wavelength. The velocity equation is solved by use of the homotopy perturbation technique, while the exact solutions are computed for temperature and concentration equations. The solutions depend on the Brinkman number ( B κ ) and magnetohydrodynamics ( M ) . The expressions obtained for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are plotted, and the impact of various physical parameters is investigated for different peristaltic waves. We found that temperature, concentration, and pressure gradient are increasing functions of the Sisko parameter b , Brinkman number ( B κ ) , and magnetohydrodynamics ( M ) , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we apply the extended direct algebraic method to examine the soliton solutions as well as hyperbolic and trigonometric functions solutions of convective–diffusive Cahn–Hilliard equation describing the dynamic of separation phase for ternary iron alloys of (Fe ‐ Cr ‐ Mo) and (Fe ‐ X ‐ Cu). The outcomes reveal that our technique is very dynamic and straightforward. It is observed that the obtained exact solutions of this model are new in the literature. Moreover, various 2D and 3D graphs of the obtained solutions are presented to examine the physical understanding of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An endeavor is consummate to study the steady mixed convection solute transfer in two‐dimensional viscous fluid. A joule heating incompressible flow along an inclined stretching cylinder and double stratification impact on Jeffrey Nanofluid is scrutinized. Acquired nanomaterial pattern comprises the phenomena of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. By applying rule of approximation transformation, the nonlinear PDEs converted into ODEs. Shooting via Newton Raphson technique is used to solve the ODE'S with boundary conditions into initial conditions, also applying Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique of fourth order for numerical purpose. Computation (−1/2Rex0.5Cfx)$(-1/2 Re_{x}^{0.5}C_{f_x })$ for skin friction, (−Nrθ′(0)$-N_{r}\theta ^{^{\prime }}(0)$) for Nusselt, and (−ϕ′(0))$(-\phi ^{^{\prime }}(0))$ for Sherwood number are fetched in table format by using mathematical software Matlab. The results reveal that M (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9), γ (0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1.3), and α (0,π/4,π/3,5π/4)$(0, \pi /4, \pi /3, 5\pi /4)$ will increase (−1/2Rex0.5Cfx)$(-1/2 Re_{x}^{0.5}C_{f_x })$ upto 7.51, 8.55, and 10.27%, respectively. The behavior of Nt$N_t$ on −Nrθ′(0)$-N_{r}\theta ^{^{\prime }}(0)$ and (−ϕ′(0))$(-\phi ^{^{\prime }}(0))$ falling off upto 11.20 and 28.38%, respectively with the increase of Nt$N_t$, but in Nb$N_b$ shows opposite reaction on Sherwood number. It is culminated that (f′(η))$(f^{\prime }(\eta))$ for velocity augments with the value of Deborah number of four different sizes (0.8, 1.1, 1.4, and 1.7) upto 14.28, 16.6, and 20% while situation is reversed in case of magnetic factor (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9) upto 20, 28.12, and 39.13%. Effect of θ(η)$\theta (\eta)$ for temperature enhanced with the value of Brownian motion on (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6), about 16.66, 20, and 25%, respectively. The maximum effect percentage with radiation factor on θ(η)$\theta (\eta)$ is 39 and minimum percentage is 25.71. Eckert number on (− 4, 0, 4, 8) and thermophoresis on (−0.2,−0.1,0.1,0.2)$(-0.2, -0.1, 0.1, 0.2)$ diminished with pile‐up Prandtl number on (1.2, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.1). Impact of (ϕ(η))$(\phi (\eta))$ for concentration and local Sherwood number showed reverse situation on Schmidt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motive of the study was to explore the nonlinear Riemann wave equation, which describes the tsunami and tidal waves in the sea and homogeneous and stationary media. This study establishes the framework for the analytical solutions to the Riemann wave equation using the new extended direct algebraic method. As a result, the soliton patterns of the Riemann wave equation have been successfully illustrated, with exact solutions offered by the plane solution, trigonometry solution, mixed hyperbolic solution, mixed periodic and periodic solutions, shock solution, mixed singular solution, mixed trigonometric solution, mixed shock single solution, complex soliton shock solution, singular solution, and shock wave solutions. Graphical visualization is provided of the results with suitable values of the involved parameters by Mathematica. It was visualized that the velocity of the soliton and the wave number controls the behavior of the soliton. We are confident that our research will assist physicists in predicting new notions in mathematical physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractional-order mathematical modelling of physical phenomena is a hot topic among various researchers due to its many advantages over positive integer mathematical modelling. In this context, the appropriate solutions of such fractional-order physical modelling become a challenging task among scientists. This paper presents a study of unsteady free convection fluid flow and heat transfer of Maxwell fluids with the presence of Clay nanoparticle modelling using fractional calculus. The obtained model was transformed into a set of linear nondimensional, partial differential equations (PDEs). The finite difference scheme is proposed to discretize the obtained set of nondimensional PDEs. The Maple code was developed and executed against the physical parameters and fractional-order parameter to explain the behavior of the velocity and temperature profiles. Some limiting solutions were obtained and compared with the latest existing ones in literature. The comparative study witnesses that the proposed scheme is a very efficient tool to handle such a physical model and can be extended to other diversified problems of a complex nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal management is a crucial task in the present era of miniatures and other gadgets of compact heat density. This communication presents the momentum and thermal transportation of nanofluid flow over a sheet that stretches exponentially. The fluid moves through a porous matrix in the presence of a magnetic field that is perpendicular to the flow direction. To achieve the main objective of efficient thermal transportation with increased thermal conductivity, the possible settling of nano entities is avoided with the bioconvection of microorganisms. Furthermore, thermal radiation, heat source dissipation, and activation energy are also considered. The formulation in the form of a partial differential equation is transmuted into an ordinary differential form with the implementation of appropriate similarity variables. Numerical treatment involving Runge–Kutta along with the shooting technique method was chosen to resolve the boundary values problem. To elucidate the physical insights of the problem, computational code was run for suitable ranges of the involved parameters. The fluid temperature directly rose with the buoyancy ratio parameter, Rayleigh number, Brownian motion parameter, and thermophoresis parameter. Thus, thermal transportation enhances with the inclusion of nano entities and the bioconvection of microorganisms. The findings are useful for heat exchangers working in various technological processors. The validation of the obtained results is also assured through comparison with the existing result. The satisfactory concurrence was also observed while comparing the present symmetrical results with the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We integrate fractional calculus and plasma modelling concepts with specific geometry in this article, and further formulate a higher dimensional time-fractional Vlasov Maxwell system. Additionally, we develop a quick, efficient, robust, and accurate numerical approach for temporal variables and filtered Gegenbauer polynomials based on finite difference and spectral approximations, respectively. To analyze the numerical findings, two types of boundary conditions are used: Dirichlet and partial slip. Particular methodology is used to demonstrate the proposed scheme's numerical convergence. A detailed analysis of the proposed model with plotted figures is also included in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, an unsteady convection flow of Casson fluid, together with an oscillating vertical plate, is examined. The governing PDEs corresponding to velocity and temperature profile are transformed into linear ODEs with the help of the Laplace transform method. The ordinary derivative model generalized to fractional model is based on a generalized Fourier law. The solutions for energy and velocity equations are obtained after making the equations dimensionless. To check the insight of the physical parameters, especially the symmetric behavior of fractional parameters, it is found that for small and large values of time, fluid properties show dual behavior. Since the fractional derivative exhibits the memory of the function at the chosen value of time, therefore the present fractional model is more suitable in exhibiting memory than the classical model. Such results can be useful in the fitting of real data where needed. In the limiting case when fractional parameters are taken β = γ = 0 and α = 1 for both velocity and temperature, we get the solutions obtained with ordinary derivatives from the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the analysis of the heat and velocity profile of the fractional-order Oldroyd-B bio-nanofluid within a bounded channel. The study has a wide range of scope in modern fields of basic science such as medicine, the food industry, electrical appliances, nuclear as well as industrial cooling systems, reducing pollutants, fluids used in the brake systems of vehicles, etc. Oldroyd-B fluid is taken as a bio-nanofluid composed of base fluid (blood) and copper as nanoparticles. Using the fractional-order Oldroyd-B parameter, the governing equation is generalized from an integer to a non-integer form. A strong approach, i.e., a finite difference scheme, is applied to discretize the model, because the fractional approach can well address the physical phenomena and memory effect of the flow regime. Therefore, a Caputo fractional differentiation operator is used for the purpose. The transformations for the channel flow are utilized to transfigure the fractional-order partial differential equations (PDEs) into non-dimension PDEs. The graphical outcomes for non-integer ordered Oldroyd-B bio-nanofluid dynamics and temperature profiles are navigated using the numerical technique. These results are obtained under some very important physical conditions applied as a magnetic field effect, variable thermal conductivity, permeable medium, and heat source/sink. The results show that the addition of (copper) nanoparticles to (blood) base fluids enhances the thermal conductivity. For a comparative study, the obtained results are compared with the built-in results using the mathematical software MAPLE 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave is investigated, which defines many nonlinear phenomena in liquid containing gas bubbles. Basic theories of the natural phenomenons are usually described by nonlinear evolution equations, for example, nonlinear sciences, marine engineering, fluid dynamics, scientific applications, and ocean plasma physics. The new extended algebraic method is applied to solve the model under consideration. Furthermore, the nonlinear model is converted into an ordinary differential equation through the next wave transformation. A well-known analytical approach is used to obtain more general solutions of different types with the help of Mathematica. Shock, singular, mixed-complex solitary-shock, mixed-singular, mixed-shock singular, mixed trigonometric, periodic, mixed-periodic, mixed-hyperbolic solutions are obtained. As a result, it is found that the energy-carrying capacity of liquid with gas bubbles and its propagation can be increased. The stability of the considered model is ensured by the modulation instability gain spectrum generated and proposed with acceptable constant values. Two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and contour surfaces are plotted to see the physical properties of the obtained solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioconvection phenomena for MHD Williamson nanofluid flow over an extending sheet of irregular thickness are investigated theoretically, and non-uniform viscosity and thermal conductivity depending on temperature are taken into account. The magnetic field of uniform strength creates a magnetohydrodynamics effect. The basic formulation of the model developed in partial differential equations which are later transmuted into ordinary differential equations by employing similarity variables. To elucidate the influences of controlling parameters on dependent quantities of physical significance, a computational procedure based on the Runge–Kutta method along shooting technique is coded in MATLAB platform. This is a widely used procedure for the solution of such problems because it is efficient with fifth-order accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The enumeration of the results reveals that Williamson fluid parameter λ , variable viscosity parameter Λ μ and wall thickness parameter ς impart reciprocally decreasing effect on fluid velocity whereas these parameters directly enhance the fluid temperature. The fluid temperature is also improved with Brownian motion parameter N b and thermophoresis parameter N t . The boosted value of Brownian motion N b and Lewis number L e reduce the concentration of nanoparticles. The higher inputs of Peclet number P e and bioconvection Lewis number L b decline the bioconvection distribution. The velocity of non-Newtonian (Williamson nanofluid) is less than the viscous nanofluid but temperature behaves oppositely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study provides the heat transfer analysis of a viscous fluid in the presence of bioconvection with a Caputo fractional derivative. The unsteady governing equations are solved by Laplace after using a dimensional analysis approach subject to the given constraints on the boundary. The impact of physical parameters can be seen through a graphical illustration. It is observed that the maximum decline in bioconvection and velocity can be attained for smaller values of the fractional parameter. The fractional approach can be very helpful in controlling the boundary layers of the fluid properties for different values of time. Additionally, it is observed that the model obtained with generalized constitutive laws predicts better memory than the model obtained with artificial replacement. Further, these results are compared with the existing literature to verify the validity of the present results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]