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1. Estimating Likelihood of Dementia in the Absence of Diagnostic Data: A Latent Dementia Index in 10 Genetically Informed Studies

Author

Beam, Christopher R, Luczak, Susan E, Panizzon, Matthew S, Reynolds, Chandra A, Christensen, Kaare, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Elman, Jeremy A, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lee, Teresa, Nygaard, Marianne, Sachdev, Perminder S, Whitfield, Keith E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Gatz, Margaret, and Consortium, for the IGEMS

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Dementia, Aging, Alzheimer's Disease, Neurological, Humans, Activities of Daily Living, Probability, genetic correlation, harmonization, latent index, twin study, IGEMS Consortium, quality of life, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

BackgroundEpidemiological research on dementia is hampered by differences across studies in how dementia is classified, especially where clinical diagnoses of dementia may not be available.ObjectiveWe apply structural equation modeling to estimate dementia likelihood across heterogeneous samples within a multi-study consortium and use the twin design of the sample to validate the results.MethodsUsing 10 twin studies, we implement a latent variable approach that aligns different tests available in each study to assess cognitive, memory, and functional ability. The model separates general cognitive ability from components indicative of dementia. We examine the validity of this continuous latent dementia index (LDI). We then identify cut-off points along the LDI distributions in each study and align them across studies to distinguish individuals with and without probable dementia. Finally, we validate the LDI by determining its heritability and estimating genetic and environmental correlations between the LDI and clinically diagnosed dementia where available.ResultsResults indicate that coordinated estimation of LDI across 10 studies has validity against clinically diagnosed dementia. The LDI can be fit to heterogeneous sets of memory, other cognitive, and functional ability variables to extract a score reflective of likelihood of dementia that can be interpreted similarly across studies despite diverse study designs and sampling characteristics. Finally, the same genetic sources of variance strongly contribute to both the LDI and clinical diagnosis.ConclusionThis latent dementia indicator approach may serve as a model for other research consortia confronted with similar data integration challenges.

Published
2022

7. Type 1 diabetes, cognitive ability and incidence of cardiovascular disease and death over 60 years of follow-up time in men

Author

Dybjer, Elin, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Engström, Gunnar, Nilsson, Erik D., Nägga, Katarina, Nilsson, Peter M., Hassing, Linda B., Dybjer, Elin, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Engström, Gunnar, Nilsson, Erik D., Nägga, Katarina, Nilsson, Peter M., and Hassing, Linda B.

Abstract

Aims There are few cohorts of type 1 diabetes that follow individuals over more than half a century in terms of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine associations between type 1 diabetes, diagnosed before age 18, and long-term morbidity and mortality, and to investigate whether cognitive ability plays a role in long-term morbidity and mortality risk. Methods In a Swedish cohort, 120 men with type 1 diabetes and 469 without type 1 diabetes were followed between 18 and 77 years of age as regards morbidity and mortality outcomes, and impact of cognitive ability at military conscription for the outcomes. In Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests, associations between diabetes and cognitive ability respectively, and outcomes (mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and diabetes complications) were investigated. Results Men with type 1 diabetes suffered from dramatically higher mortality (HR 4.62, 95% CI: 3.56-5.60), cardiovascular mortality (HR 5.60, 95% CI: 3.27-9.57), and cardiovascular events (HR 3.97, 95% CI: 2.79-5.64) compared to men without diabetes. Higher cognitive ability at military conscription was associated with lower mortality in men without diabetes, but was not associated with any outcome in men with diabetes. Conclusions In this historical cohort study with 60 years of follow-up time and a less effective treatment of diabetes than today, mortality rates and cardiovascular outcomes were high for men with type 1 diabetes. Morbidity or mortality did not differ between those that had low to normal or high cognitive ability among men with type 1 diabetes., Funding Agencies|Research Council of Sweden [K2011-65X-20752-04-6]; Anders Palsson Foundation; Ernhold Lundstrom Foundation; Skane County Council; Lund University; Swedish Alzheimers Foundation (Alzheimerfonden); Diabetes Fund (Diabetesfonden); Region Skane; Swedish Diabetes Foundation; (Novo) Nordic Insulin Foundation, Gentofte, Denmark; Region Jonkoping

Published
2022
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8. Bidirectional associations between body mass and bodily pain among middle-aged and older adults

Author

Emery, Charles F., Finkel, Deborah, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Emery, Charles F., Finkel, Deborah, and Aslan, Anna K. Dahl

Abstract

Higher body mass and obesity are associated with bodily pain, and rates of chronic pain increase among older adults. Most past studies are cross-sectional, precluding determination of the temporal relationship between body mass and pain. A longitudinal study of body mass and pain among middle-aged adults found that higher body mass index (BMI) led to greater lower back pain. No longitudinal study of BMI and pain has been conducted among adults older than 70 years. This study used dual change score models to determine the directional relationship between BMI and bodily pain in a sample of middle-aged and older adults. Participants (n = 1889) from the Swedish Twin Registry (baseline age range 40-93 years) completed at least 1 nurse assessment of BMI and self-report ratings of pain interference and joint pain. Pain interference was not associated with BMI, but joint pain was analyzed in univariate and bivariate models, with dual change score models modeling the relationship of BMI and joint pain across age, both independently and as part of bivariate relationships. The results indicated a reciprocal relationship between BMI and joint pain, but joint pain generally led to changes in BMI. In addition, the relationship changed with age, until approximately age 80 years, increasing joint pain contributed to higher BMI, but after that time increasing joint pain contributed to lower BMI. In addition, sex differences in the relationship between BMI and pain appeared after age 70 years. Thus, joint pain contributes to changes in BMI among middle-aged and older adults, but the relationship may change by age and sex.

Published
2022
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10. Additional file 1 of Epigenome-wide association study of level and change in cognitive abilities from midlife through late life

Author

Karlsson, Ida K., Ericsson, Malin, Yunzhang Wang, Jylhävä, Juulia, Hägg, Sara, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Reynolds, Chandra A., and Pedersen, Nancy L.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1-S4. Table S1: Descriptive statistics of the total study sample and stratified by DNA methylation array. Table S2: Null model for intercept level, linear change, and quadratic change in cognitive abilities. Table S3: Comparison of twin-pair correlation between monozygotic and dizygotic twin-pairs. Table S4: Differences in DNA methylation in relation to dementia status.

Published
2021
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11. Frailty trajectories in three longitudinal studies of aging : Is the level or the rate of change more predictive of mortality?

Author

Bai, Ge, Szwajda, Agnieszka, Wang, Yunzhang, Li, Xia, Bower, Hannah, Karlsson, Ida K., Johansson, Boo, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Pedersen, Nancy L., Hagg, Sara, Jylhava, Juulia, Bai, Ge, Szwajda, Agnieszka, Wang, Yunzhang, Li, Xia, Bower, Hannah, Karlsson, Ida K., Johansson, Boo, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Pedersen, Nancy L., Hagg, Sara, and Jylhava, Juulia

Abstract

Background: frailty shows an upward trajectory with age, and higher levels increase the risk of mortality. However, it is less known whether the shape of frailty trajectories differs by age at death or whether the rate of change in frailty is associated with mortality. Objectives: to assess population frailty trajectories by age at death and to analyse whether the current level of the frailty index (FI) i.e. the most recent measurement or the person-specific rate of change is more predictive of mortality. Methods: 3,689 individuals from three population-based cohorts with up to 15 repeated measurements of the Rockwood frailty index were analysed. The FI trajectories were assessed by stratifying the sample into four age-at-death groups: <70, 70-80, 80-90 and >90 years. Generalised survival models were used in the survival analysis. Results: the FI trajectories by age at death showed that those who died at <70 years had a steadily increasing trajectory throughout the 40 years before death, whereas those who died at the oldest ages only accrued deficits from age similar to 75 onwards. Higher level of FI was independently associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.47-1.91), whereas the rate of change was no longer significant after accounting for the current FI level. The effect of the FI level did not weaken with time elapsed since the last measurement. Conclusions: Frailty trajectories differ as a function of age-at-death category. The current level of FI is a stronger marker for risk stratification than the rate of change.

Published
2021
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15. Additional file 1 of Age-dependent effects of body mass index across the adult life span on the risk of dementia: a cohort study with a genetic approach

Author

Karlsson, Ida K., Lehto, Kelli, Gatz, Margaret, Reynolds, Chandra A., and Aslan, Anna K. Dahl

Abstract

Additional file 1. Supplementary information about BMI data cleaning, Dementia data in the Swedish Twin Registry, and PGS calculation in the Swedish Twin Registry. Table S1. Age group characteristics for the analysis sample. Table S2. ICD codes used to identify dementia. Table S3. ATC-codes for identification of dementia medication. Table S4. Risk of incident dementia in relation to 5 units higher body mass index measured at different age categories in the Swedish Twin Registry and the Health and Retirement Study, stratified by sex. Table S5. Risk of incident dementia in relation to 5 units higher body mass index measured at different age categories in the Health and Retirement Study, stratified by ethnicity. Table S6. Risk of incident dementia in relation to being underweight, overweight, or obese at different age categories in the Swedish Twin Registry and the Health and Retirement Study. Table S7. Cause specific hazard rate ratios of dementia in relation to 5 units higher body mass index measured at different age categories in the Swedish Twin Registry and the Health and Retirement Study. Figure S1. Flow chart of the sample. Figure S2. Collections of BMI information in the Swedish Twin Registry.

Published
2020
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16. Evidence of Bidirectional Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Body Mass Among Older Adults.

Author

Emery, Charles F, Finkel, Deborah, Gatz, Margaret, and Aslan, Anna K Dahl

Subjects
OBESITY risk factors, AGE distribution, BODY weight, MENTAL depression, STATISTICS, STATURE, WOMEN'S health, BODY mass index, STATISTICAL models, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, OLD age
Abstract

Objectives Body fat, measured with body mass index (BMI), and obesity are associated with depressive symptoms. Among younger adults there is stronger evidence of obesity leading to depressive symptoms than of depressive symptoms leading to obesity, but the temporal relationship is unknown among older adults. This study utilized dual-change-score models (DCSMs) to determine the directional relationship between body mass and depressive symptoms among older adults. Method Participants (n = 1,743) from the Swedish Twin Registry (baseline age range 50–96 years) completed at least one assessment of BMI (nurse measurement of height and weight) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CESD). More than half the sample completed 3 or more assessments, scheduled at intervals of 2–4 years. DCSMs modeled the relationship of BMI and CESD across age, both independently and as part of bivariate relationships. Results Depressive symptoms contributed to subsequent changes in BMI after age 70, while BMI contributed to subsequent changes in depressive symptoms after age 82. Thus, there is a reciprocal relationship that may change with age. The effect was more pronounced for women. Discussion The association of BMI and depressive symptoms is bidirectional among older adults, and it appears to be affected by both age and sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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17. Drivers of Frailty from Adulthood into Old Age: Results from a 27-Year Longitudinal Population-Based Study in Sweden.

Author

Raymond, Emma, Reynolds, Chandra A, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Finkel, Deborah, Ericsson, Malin, Hägg, Sara, Pedersen, Nancy L, Jylhävä, Juulia, and Dahl Aslan, Anna K

Subjects
OLD age, OLDER people, LONGITUDINAL method, ADULTS, SOCIAL support, RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, EVALUATION research, MEDICAL cooperation, COMPARATIVE studies
Abstract

Background: Frailty is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. However, longitudinal drivers of frailty are not well understood. This study aimed at investigating the longitudinal trajectories of a frailty index (FI) from adulthood to late life and identifying the factors associated with the level and rate of change in FI.Methods: An age-based latent growth curve analysis was performed in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (N = 1,842; aged 29-102 years) using data from up to 15 measurement waves across 27 years. A 42-item FI was used to measure frailty at each wave.Results: A bilinear, two-slope model with a turning point at age 65 best described the age-related change in FI, showing that the increase in frailty was more than twice as fast after age 65. Underweight, obesity, female sex, overweight, being separated from one's co-twin during childhood, smoking, poor social support, and low physical activity were associated with a higher FI at age 65, with underweight having the largest effect size. When tested as time-varying covariates, underweight and higher social support were associated with a steeper increase in FI before age 65, whereas overweight and obesity were associated with less steep increase in FI after age 65.Conclusions: Factors associated with the level and rate of change in frailty are largely actionable and could provide targets for intervention. As deviations from normal weight showed the strongest associations with frailty, future public health programs could benefit from monitoring of individuals with abnormal BMI, especially those who are underweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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18. Association of Current and Former Smoking With Body Mass Index: a Study of Smoking Discordant Twin Pairs From 21 Twin Cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background. Methods and findings The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m(2) lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m(2) lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m(2) higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m(2) higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ cotwins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m(2), 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m(2), 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade. Conclusions Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m(2).

Published
2018

19. Association of current and former smoking with body mass index:A study of smoking discordant twin pairs from 21 twin cohorts

Author

Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret, I, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret, I, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m2 lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m2 lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m2 higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m2 higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ co-twins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade.CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m2.

Published
2018

20. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H., primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Vuoksimaa, Eero, additional, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Silventoinen, Karri, additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2017
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21. Life-course socioeconomic differences and social mobility in preventable and non-preventable mortality: a study of Swedish twins.

Author

Ericsson, Malin, Pedersen, Nancy L, Johansson, Anna L V, Fors, Stefan, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, and Dahl Aslan, Anna K

Subjects
SOCIAL mobility, LIFE expectancy, MULTIVARIABLE testing, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, LOG-rank test, MORTALITY
Abstract

Background: Despite advances in life expectancy, low socioeconomic status is associated with a shorter lifespan. This study was conducted to investigate socioeconomic differences in mortality by comparing preventable with non-preventable causes of death in 39 506 participants from the Swedish Twin Registry born before 1935.Methods: Childhood social class, own education, own social class and social mobility were used as separate indicators of socioeconomic status. These data were linked to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Cause of death was categorized as preventable or non-preventable mortality according to indicators presented in the Avoidable Mortality in the European Union (AMIEHS) atlas. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we tested the association between the socioeconomic measures and all-cause mortality, preventable mortality and non-preventable mortality. Additional co-twin control analyses indicated whether the associations reflected genetic confounding.Results: The social gradient for mortality was most prominent for the adult socioeconomic measures. There was a social gradient in both preventable mortality and non-preventable mortality, but with an indication of a moderately stronger effect in preventable causes of death. In analyses of social mobility, those who experienced life-time low socioeconomic status (SES) or downward social mobility had an increased mortality risk compared with those with life-time high SES and upward social mobility. Adjustments for genetic confounding did not change the observed associations for education, social class or social mobility and mortality. In the co-twin control analyses of reared-apart twins, the association between childhood social class and mortality weakened, indicating possible genetic influences on this association.Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is an association between low adult socioeconomic status and increased mortality independent of genetic endowment. Thus, we do not find support for indirect social selection as the basis for mortality inequalities in Sweden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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22. Education in twins and their parents across birth cohorts over 100 years : an individual-level pooled analysis of 42 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J, Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling V, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, OEncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F, Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R, Sanchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Maia, Jose A, Freitas, Duarte L, Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J, Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling V, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, OEncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F, Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R, Sanchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Maia, Jose A, Freitas, Duarte L, Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Published
2017

23. Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years:An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990–1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Published
2017

24. Does the sex of one's co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood?:A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L, Loos, Ruth J F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L, Loos, Ruth J F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs.METHODS: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese.RESULTS: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance.CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

25. Twin's Birth-Order Differences in Height and Body Mass Index From Birth to Old Age:A Pooled Study of 26 Twin Cohorts Participating in the CODATwins Project

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Sung, Joohon, Hopper, John L, Ooki, Syuichi, Heikkilä, Kauko, Aaltonen, Sari, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Tynelius, Per, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Rebato, Esther, Rose, Richard J, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Sung, Joohon, Hopper, John L, Ooki, Syuichi, Heikkilä, Kauko, Aaltonen, Sari, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Tynelius, Per, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Rebato, Esther, Rose, Richard J, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

We analyzed birth order differences in means and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from infancy to old age. The data were derived from the international CODATwins database. The total number of height and BMI measures from 0.5 to 79.5 years of age was 397,466. As expected, first-born twins had greater birth weight than second-born twins. With respect to height, first-born twins were slightly taller than second-born twins in childhood. After adjusting the results for birth weight, the birth order differences decreased and were no longer statistically significant. First-born twins had greater BMI than the second-born twins over childhood and adolescence. After adjusting the results for birth weight, birth order was still associated with BMI until 12 years of age. No interaction effect between birth order and zygosity was found. Only limited evidence was found that birth order influenced variances of height or BMI. The results were similar among boys and girls and also in MZ and DZ twins. Overall, the differences in height and BMI between first- and second-born twins were modest even in early childhood, while adjustment for birth weight reduced the birth order differences but did not remove them for BMI.

Published
2016

26. Factors associated with increased hospitalisation risk among nursing home residents in Sweden: a prospective study with a three-year follow-up

Author

Hallgren, Jenny, Bravell, Marie Ernsth, Molstad, Sigvard, Östgren, Carl Johan, Midlov, Patrik, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Hallgren, Jenny, Bravell, Marie Ernsth, Molstad, Sigvard, Östgren, Carl Johan, Midlov, Patrik, and Aslan, Anna K. Dahl

Abstract

Background. Hospitalisation of nursing home residents might lead to deteriorating health. Aim. To evaluate physical and psychological factors associated with hospitalisation risk among nursing home residents. Design. Prospective study with three years of follow-up. Methods. Four hundred and twenty-nine Swedish nursing home residents, ages 65101 years, from 11 nursing homes in three municipalities were followed during three years. The participants physical and psychological status was assessed at baseline. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate factors associated with hospitalisation risk using STATA. Results. Of the 429 participants, 196 (45.7%) were hospitalised at least once during the three-year follow-up period, and 109 (25.4%) during the first six months of the study. The most common causes of hospitalisation were cardiovascular diseases or complications due to falls. A Cox regression model showed that residents who have had previous falls (P < 0.001), are malnourished (P < 0.001), use a greater number of drugs (P < 0.001) and have more diseases (P < 0.001), are at an increased risk of hospitalisation. Conclusion. Nursing home residents are frequently hospitalised, often due to falls or cardiovascular diseases. Study results underscore the relationships between malnutrition, previous falls, greater numbers of drugs and diseases and higher risk of hospitalisation. Implications for practice. Preventive interventions aimed at malnutrition and falls at the nursing home could potentially reduce the number of hospitalisations. With improved education and support to nurses concerning risk assessment at the nursing homes, it may be possible to reduce the numbers of avoidable hospitalisation among nursing home residents and in the long run improve quality of life and reduce suffering.

Published
2016
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27. Twin's Birth-Order Differences in Height and Body Mass Index From Birth to Old Age: A Pooled Study of 26 Twin Cohorts Participating in the CODATwins Project

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Wardle, Jane, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, He, Mingguang, additional, Ding, Xiaohu, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Song, Yun-Mi, additional, Yang, Sarah, additional, Lee, Kayoung, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Haworth, Claire M. A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Rose, Richard J., additional, Goldberg, Jack H., additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2016
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28. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age : A Study of the CODATwins Project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H., Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkila, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H., Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H., Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkila, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H., Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m(2) in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m(2) in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.

Published
2015
Full Text
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30. The CODATwins Project:The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Aaltonen, Sari, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Ning, Feng, Ji, Fuling, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Hong, Changhee, Chong, Youngsook, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Rasmussen, Finn, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Aaltonen, Sari, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Ning, Feng, Ji, Fuling, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Hong, Changhee, Chong, Youngsook, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Rasmussen, Finn, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes., For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes.

Published
2015

31. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age:A Study of the CODATwins Project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m2 in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m2 in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.

Published
2015

32. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age: A Study of the CODATwins Project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Bogl, Leonie H, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Haworth, Claire M. A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Spector, Timothy, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Freitas, Duarte L, additional, Maia, José Antonio, additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., additional, Kim, Bia, additional, Chong, Youngsook, additional, Hong, Changhee, additional, Shin, Hyun Jung, additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, He, Mingguang, additional, Ding, Xiaohu, additional, Chang, Billy, additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Aujard, Kelly, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, additional, Song, Yun-Mi, additional, Yang, Sarah, additional, Lee, Kayoung, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Wardle, Jane, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Hayakawa, Kazuo, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Goldberg, Jack H., additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. The CODATwins Project: The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Haworth, Claire M. A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Spector, Timothy, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Freitas, Duarte L., additional, Maia, José Antonio, additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Hong, Changhee, additional, Chong, Youngsook, additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, He, Mingguang, additional, Ding, Xiaohu, additional, Chang, Billy, additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Aujard, Kelly, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, additional, Song, Yun-Mi, additional, Yang, Sarah, additional, Lee, Kayoung, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Wardle, Jane, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Hayakawa, Kazuo, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Goldberg, Jack H., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2015
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34. Detection of Dementia Cases in Two Swedish Health Registers: A Validation Study.

Author

Rizzuto, Debora, Feldman, Adina L., Karlsson, Ida K., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Gatz, Margaret, Pedersen, Nancy L., and Dahl Aslan, Anna K

Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease diagnosis, DIAGNOSIS of dementia, VASCULAR dementia, ALZHEIMER'S patients, DEMENTIA patients, HOSPITAL care, COMPARATIVE studies, CAUSES of death, DEMENTIA, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research, LONGITUDINAL method, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, RESEARCH, EVALUATION research, DISEASE incidence, ACQUISITION of data
Abstract

Background: Population-based health registers are potential assets in epidemiological research; however, the quality of case ascertainment is crucial.Objective: To compare the case ascertainment of dementia, from the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Cause of Death Register (CDR) with dementia diagnoses from six Swedish population based studies.Methods: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of dementia identification in NPR and CDR were estimated by individual record linkage with six Swedish population based studies (n = 19,035). Time to detection in NPR was estimated using data on dementia incidence from longitudinal studies with more than two decades of follow-up.Results: Barely half of the dementia cases were ever detected by NPR or CDR. Using data from longitudinal studies we estimated that a record with a dementia diagnosis appears in the NPR on average 5.5 years after first diagnosis. Although the ability of the registers to detect dementia cases was moderate, the ability to detect non-dementia cases was almost perfect (99%). When registers indicate that there is a dementia diagnosis, there are very few instances in which the clinicians determined the person was not demented. Indeed, PPVs were close to 90%. However, misclassification between dementia subtype diagnoses is quite common, especially in NPR.Conclusions: Although the overall sensitivity is low, the specificity and the positive predictive value are very high. This suggests that hospital and death registers can be used to identify dementia cases in the community, but at the cost of missing a large proportion of the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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35. Association Between Sleep Characteristics and Incident Dementia Accounting for Baseline Cognitive Status: A Prospective Population-Based Study.

Author

Bokenberger, Kathleen, Ström, Peter, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Johansson, Anna L. V., Gatz, Margaret, Pedersen, Nancy L., Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, and Dahl Aslan, Anna K

Subjects
SLEEP disorders, DEMENTIA patients, COGNITIVE ability, TELEPHONE interviewing, REGRESSION analysis, DEMENTIA, LONGITUDINAL method, SYMPTOMS, DISEASE incidence, CASE-control method
Abstract

Background: Although research has shown that sleep disorders are prevalent among people with dementia, the temporal relationship is unclear. We investigated whether atypical sleep characteristics were associated with incident dementia while accounting for baseline cognitive functioning.Methods: Screening Across the Lifespan Twin (SALT) study participants were 11,247 individuals from the Swedish Twin Registry who were at least 65 years at baseline (1998-2002). Sleep and baseline cognitive functioning were assessed via the SALT telephone screening interview. Data on dementia diagnoses came from national health registers. Cox regression was performed to estimate hazard ratios for dementia.Results: After 17 years of follow-up, 1,850 dementia cases were identified. Short (≤6 hours) and extended (>9 hours) time in bed (TIB) compared to the middle reference group (hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.85; hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.24, respectively) and rising at 8:00 AM or later compared to earlier rising (hazard ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.24) were associated with higher dementia incidence. Bedtime, sleep quality, restorative sleep, and heavy snoring were not significant predictors. Findings stratified by baseline cognitive status indicated that the association between short TIB and dementia remained in those cognitively intact at the start.Conclusions: Short and extended TIB and delayed rising among older adults predicted increased dementia incidence in the following 17 years. The pattern of findings suggests that extended TIB and late rising represent prodromal features whereas short TIB appeared to be a risk factor for dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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36. Blood Glucose, Diet-Based Glycemic Load and Cognitive Aging Among Dementia-Free Older Adults.

Author

Seetharaman, Shyam, Andel, Ross, McEvoy, Cathy, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Finkel, Deborah, and Pedersen, Nancy L.

Subjects
DIABETES, COGNITIVE ability, DIET, BLOOD sugar, SPATIAL ability, HEALTH of older people
Abstract

Background. Although evidence indicates that Type II Diabetes is related to abnormal brain aging, the influence of elevated blood glucose on long-term cognitive change is unclear. In addition, the relationship between diet-based glycemic load and cognitive aging has not been extensively studied. The focus of this study was to investigate the influence of diet-based glycemic load and blood glucose on cognitive aging in older adults followed for up to 16 years. Methods. Eight-hundred and thirty-eight cognitively healthy adults aged >50 years (M = 63.1, SD = 8.3) from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging were studied. Mixed effects growth models were utilized to assess overall performance and change in general cognitive functioning, perceptual speed, memory, verbal ability, and spatial ability as a function of baseline blood glucose and diet-based glycemic load. Results. High blood glucose was related to poorer overall performance on perceptual speed as well as greater rates of decline in general cognitive ability, perceptual speed, verbal ability, and spatial ability. Diet-based glycemic load was related to poorer overall performance in perceptual speed and spatial ability. Conclusion. Diet-based glycemic load and, in particular, elevated blood glucose appear important for cognitive performance/cognitive aging. Blood glucose control (perhaps through low glycemic load diets) may be an important target in the detection and prevention of age-related cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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37. Cognitive consequences of overweight and obesity in the ninth decade of life?

Author

Aslan AK, Starr JM, Pattie A, and Deary I

Subjects
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Mass Index, Child, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Cognition Disorders psychology, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Obesity diagnosis, Obesity epidemiology, Overweight diagnosis, Overweight epidemiology, Risk Factors, Scotland epidemiology, Aging psychology, Cognition, Obesity psychology, Overweight psychology
Abstract

Background/objectives: the association between late-life obesity and late-life cognitive abilities is poorly understood. We studied the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive change in longitudinal population-based study spanning over the ninth decade of life., Subjects/methods: in total, 475 participants free of dementia at baseline from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 (mean age: 79.1 years, SD: 0.6) were included. Height and weight were assessed at baseline. BMI was calculated as kg/m(2). Cognitive abilities were assessed at age ∼11 years and at age ∼79, ∼83, ∼87 and ∼90 years., Results: latent growth models showed that men being overweight and obese had a 0.65 (SD: 0.3) and 1.10 (SD: 0.5) points less steep decline in general cognitive ability (as measured by the Moray House Test) for each year than people of normal weight. These associations were to some extent confounded by childhood intelligence. No other association between BMI and cognition was significant, either for men or women. People who were obese in old age had significantly lower childhood intelligence (m = 43.6, SD: 1.3) than people who were normal in weight (m = 47.0, SD: 0.8) and persons being overweight (m = 47.5, SD: 0.8), F (472, 3) = 3.2, P = 0.043., Conclusions: the current study shows weak or no evidence for an association between BMI in old age and cognitive function, especially not when childhood intelligence is controlled for. Lower intelligence at the age of 11 years predicted obesity at the age of 79 years., (© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2015
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