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Aim: Neck pain is a common health problem that most people experience throughout their lifetime. The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with chronic neck pain intensity increasing in the young population over the last years. Material and Methods: Two hundred and ninety-two young adults aged 18-30 years were included in the study. The severity of pain, disability level, general and spine-related quality of life, sleep quality and smartphone usage status of the participants were questioned. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting neck pain intensity. Results: Smartphone usage in non-neutral position (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.116), decreased spine-related (OR: 0.980) and general quality of life (OR: 1.003), in-creased neck disability (OR: 1.079) are important factors that increase the severity of neck pain. Discussion: Our results indicate the non-neutral position of the neck during a phone call, decreased level of spine-related quality of life and general quality of life, increased disability of the neck are major risk factors for moderate-severe neck pain. Informing the young population about these risk factors and providing the necessary training will contribute to reducing the intensity of neck pain.

The inscriptions on the white stones have been evidence of the fact that Turkic people had their writing, culture, tradition, history and the path they made and in the V-VIII centuries. The article introduces with the data about Turkic people inhabited in Central Asia through Orkhon monuments and determines that the ancient Turks struggled to be “an eternal independent country” in the fifth century. Moreover, the article considers the importance of runic inscriptions in the Orkhon monuments in the systematization of Turkic studies by defining the historical-comparative direction of modern linguistics.

This article overviews community-based water monitoring (CBWM) in Aotearoa-New Zealand (NZ). CBWM was strongly boosted in NZ around 2000 by the development of the Stream Health Monitoring and Assessment Kit (SHMAK) and the Wai Care community initiative. Reform of freshwater management in NZ may be one driver for renewed interest recently in CBWM. Because professionals perceive volunteer-monitoring data as unreliable, they currently give little support to volunteer monitoring. To address their concern, we compared CBWM with measurements by regional authorities (RAs) – the main water management agencies in NZ. Agreement was encouragingly close for a comprehensive range of variables, including the important state-of-environment (SoE) indicators: visual clarity, Escherichia coli and macroinvertebrates. Community volunteers need and want ongoing professional support and encouragement, and, fortunately, there are important benefits for water management agencies, including engagement of citizens in water management and use of volunteer data. Professional support for CBWM in NZ could include: advice and encouragement, training, database development and quality assurance. Current research and development is focused on improving resources and systems for volunteer monitoring, notably with upgrading of the SHMAK. We are enlisting volunteers, equipped with improved tools and support systems, to assess the benefits of riparian rehabilitation and the suitability of water for swimming.

2-s2.0-85091249468 The human of 21st century, although the situation they laugh change over time, maintain a sense of humor that develops both collectively and individually, as their ancestors did. This phenomenon, which we divide into many genres such as irony, wit, mockery, satire, parody, grotesque, etc. but generally called as humor and concludes with a "laugh" situation, is based on reasons such as superiority, relaxation and incompatibility by humor theorists. The "laugh" forms created by this humorous situation have been depicted as aristocratic, folk, cynical, cheerful, carnival, natural and artificial smile by thinkers since ancient times. Regardless of its cause and effect, although the mental and emotional foundations are universal components, the work of humor built on these foundations maintains its originality and variability for every nation. Because the hero of humor is human and basically reflects a social phenomenon. Humor, since it is created by filtering the contexts such as culture, memory, cognition and language, needs to be examined by taking into account these variables. Because these contexts guide the marketing and advertisement strategies of the countries, the world of cinema and television, education, literature and other broadcasting life, even politics and the usage of the humor element in these areas. The effect that humor wants to create and expects from its interlocutor can only be achieved through the discovery of the codes that these contexts refer to. The humor that we can analyze thanks to these codes, which we can process to the extent that cultural and linguistic contexts offer us, has a serious theoretical structure in the background, although it seems close to the comic one. In this study, a detailed theoretical framework on “humor” and “laughter” is aimed and the bases of differences in countries' sense of humor are emphasized. These differences have been tried to be conveyed through cultural, memory-based, linguistic and cognitive contexts, and supported by examples from both countries' humorous understanding and structures supporting this understanding. As a conclusion, it is seen that the importance of humor and its components changed from culture to culture because the reasons of the need of each society to create humor are different. Humor is universal because it needs to be present in every society as a social phenomenon and requires some cognitive processes in the human mind to complete its formation. It is also local because societies have different cultural and linguistic codes and therefore do not share the same humor. Even in the case of an individual form of laughter, the humorous situation is a communicative metaphor based on responding to a person, situation or text, and has assumed the task of supporting social life by meeting the expectations of individuals. In addition, it is concluded that the collective and individual processes of humor feed each other and need each other to grasp constitution of humor. © 2020, Milli Folklor Dergisi. All rights reserved.

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts including transition metal chalcogenides have been recognized as a class of very promising non-expensive and earth-abundant catalysts. Tremendous investigations on the binary and ternary metal sulfides/selenides have demonstrated extraordinary chemical and physical properties such as good structural stability and adjustable chemical composition. The ternary amorphous refractory metal selenides (MWSex; M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mn) have been synthesized by the hot-injection method. The NiWSex, CoWSex, FeWSex and MnWSex nanostructures have been used as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution at the biphasic systems of water and 1,2-dichloroethane with similar to a biomembrane. The catalytic activity differences of ternary metal selenides have been compared with each other taking into account transition metals which are changed in the order of Fe approximate to Mn << Co < Ni. The catalytic activities of the MWSex have not been changed when adding of Fe and Mn into the tungsten selenide nanostructure, which may be originated from amorphous structures of FeWSex and MnWSex. Ni and Co addition into the tungsten selenide have improved the electrocatalytic HER activity when compared with only WSex. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

INTRODUCTION: Severe local and systemic tissue injury develop during reperfusion, which is a period during which arterial blood flow and tissue oxygenation are re-established. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and protective effects of nesfatin in IR damage developing in liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar-Albino rats were divided to three groups which contained eight rats in all groups. The rats were subjected to 30 minutes of hepatic pedicule occlusion followed by 2h of reperfusion to induce I/R damage. Nesfatin1 (10 µg/ kg) was administered, 30 min prior to ischemia and immediately before the reperfusion period. RESULTS: The findings showed that while the blood levels of AST, ALT and LDH were markedly elevated in the I/R group, they returned to normal levels upon treatment in the Nesfatin group. While IL-1 ?, IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-? and IFN-? levels in blood and tissue were lower after therapy in the Nesfatin group compared to the I/R group, statistically significant decreases were only noted in IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-? and IFN-? levels. TAS levels increased in the treatment group, while upon nesfatin treatment statistically significant decreases were noted in TOS and OSI levels. Histopathological investigations also showed statistically significant decreases in Bax and Caspase-3 staining intensity and the number of stained cells in the Nesfatin group. CONCLUSION: The nesfatin has antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect on improvement of liver functions and histopathological findings in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. © 2020, Edizioni Luigi Pozzi. All rights reserved.

Five streams in catchments with pastoral dairy farming as the dominant land use were monitored for periods up to 13 years after adoption of mitigation practices (MPs) to detect changes in stream macroinvertebrate communities and water quality. Water quality and macroinvertebrate community condition was degraded at the start with respect to N, P, suspended solids (SS), Escherichia coli concentrations, and a number of macroinvertebrate metrics, and were typical of catchments with intensive pastoral land use. Trend analysis showed a decrease in SS concentrations for all streams, generally increasing water clarity, and lower E. coli concentrations in two streams. The improvements, attributable to improved stream fencing and effluent disposal, were only sometimes associated with improved macroinvertebrate metrics, and suggest constraints of connectivity, habitat, time, and/or MP effectiveness. Macroinvertebrate species composition had the strongest correlation with total nitrogen at two sites, but chan...

Community-based monitoring of freshwaters (a form of citizen science) is an area of growing interest globally. It could be used to augment professional monitoring in New Zealand, as is done in other countries, if the agreement between volunteer and professional assessments is close enough. We compared volunteer benthic macroinvertebrate data with professional data from parallel monitoring over 18 months at 8 sites across New Zealand. We found strong correlations (r=0.77–0.85) and little bias between volunteer data using volunteer indices and professional data using a professional index. Volunteer classifications in stream ‘quality classes' agreed with professional classifications in 70–85% of cases. Two volunteer-level biotic indices showed slightly different correlation and bias with respect to the professional biotic index. A modified volunteer index could blend the strengths of each. Presence-absence indices correlated as well as, or better than, their quantitative versions. We conclude that, g...

Objective: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth most common cause of death in the world according to the reports of the World Health Organisation (WHO). Exacerbations impair the quality of life, fastens the progression of the disease and, thus, plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality of the disease. In this study with, we aimed to investigate the factors effecting the characteristics of the patients admitted to our emergency department (ED) due to COPD exacerbation in term of management, dischargement, hospitalization and death. Method: This retrospective study was approved by the Local Ethic Comitee of Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital. This study consists of 106 patients with diagnosis of COPD. Results: Into our study, 106 patients were included. Of these patients, 58 were male and 48 were female, and mean age was 67.62±11.67. 56 of our patients expressed that they were active smokers, 19 expressed that they gave up smoking and 56 expressed that they have never smoke. In the last year, mean number of exacerbations was 10.1±6.1. While 50 (47.2%) patients were discharged from the ED, others were hospitalized or transferred to other hospitals. 15 patients were transferred to the ICU. Mean age of these patients was 76.13±12.03 (p= 0.002). 8 patients admitted to the ICU were smokers and mean smoking period was 42.88 ± 7.58 years. Inpatients not transferred to the ICU, this period was 35.26±11.12 years (p= 0.035). In the ED and ICU 11 deaths (10.37%) occured. 9 patients did not know the drugs they use at home (p= 0.026). Exacerbation frequency in the past year was 14.45 ± 5.7 (p= 0.008). 1 patient who died had undergone NIMV followed by IMV and 10 patients had undergone IMV. None of the patients in our study were vaccinated. We determined that smoking is the most important ethiological factor. Conclusion: We also determined that main target to reduce the frequency of annual exacerbations is patient education and patient concordance. When compared to mono therapy, combined inhaler therapy reduced the frequency of exacerbations and increases the rate of discharge., Цель: В соответствии с отчетом Всемирной Организации Здравоохранения (ВОЗ), хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) является четвертой в структуре наиболее значимых причин смертей в мире. Обострения заболевания приводят к снижению качества жизни, быстрому прогрессированию и, соответственно, повышению показателей смертности от ХОБЛ. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение факторов, влияющих на ведение, госпитализацию, выписку и смерть пациентов, поступивших в отделение неотложной медицины (ED) в связи с обострением ХОБЛ. Методы: Исследование является ретроспективным анализом. Оно получило одобрение местного этического комитета Научно-исследовательского госпиталя больницы Нумуне, Анкара. В исследование было включено 106 пациентов с диагнозом ХОБЛ. Результаты: Из 106 пациентов, участвовавших в исследовании, было 58 мужчин и 48 женщин в среднем возрасте 67.62±11.67 лет. Активными курильщиками являлись 56 пациентов, 19 отказались от курения и 56 отрицали курение в прошлом. В течение предыдущего года среднее число обострений составило 10.1±6.1. Пятьдесят (47,2%) пациентов были выписаны из ED, остальные были госпитализированы или переведены в другие больницы. 15 больных в среднем возрасте 76.13±12.03 лет (p= 0.002) были переведены в отделение интенсивной терапии, из них 8 были курильщиками со средней продолжительностью курения 42.88 ± 7.58 лет. Для остальных пациентов этот период составил 35.26±11.12 лет (p=0.035). В отделении интенсивной терапии и ED отмечено 11 случаев смерти (10.37%). 9 пациентов не помнили, какими препаратами они лечатся амбулаторно (p=0.026). Средняя частота обострений за предыдущий год была 14.45 ± 5.7 лет (p=0.008). Десять больных получали неинвазивную механическую вентиляцию, из них один пациент умер. Ни один из участников исследования не прошел вакцинацию. Курение оказалось наиболее важным этиологическим фактором болезни. Заключение: Мы определили, что основным способом снижения частоты ежегодных обострений ХОБЛ является образование пациентов и взаимодействие с ними. Комбинированная ингаляционнаятерапия снижает частоту обострений и повышает показатели выписки пациентов в сравнении с монотерапией., Мақсаты: Дүниежүзілік Денсаулық сақтау Ұйымының есебіне сәйкес, Өкпенің созылмалы обструктивті ауруының асқынуыдүниежүзіндегі өлім–жітімдердің ең барынша себептерінің құрылымнда төртінші болыптабылады. Аурулардың асқынуы өмір сапасының төмендеуіне әкеледі, және тиісінше өкпенің созылмалы обструктивті ауруының асқынуынан өлім–жітім көрсеткіштері артады. Біздің зертетудің мақсаты өкпенің созылмалы обструктивті ауруының асқынуына байланысты шұғыл медицина бөліміне (ED) түсетін пацтиенттерді жүргізуге, госпитализацияға, шығаруға және өлімге әсер ететін факторларды зерделеу болып табылады. Әдістері: Зерттеу ретроспективті талдау болып табылады. Ол Анкара, Нумуне Ғылыми–зерттеу госпиталі ауруханасының жергілікті этикалық комитетімен қолдау тапты. Зерттеуге өкпенің созылмалы обструктивті ауруының асқынуыөкпенің созылмалы обструктивті ауруының асқынуыдиагнозымен 106 пациент енгізілді. Нәтижелері: Зерттеуге қатысқан 106 пациенттің ішінде 58 ер адам және 48 әйел орташа жастары 67.62±11.67 жас. Белсенді шылым шегушілер 56 пациент,19 шылым шегуден бас тартқандар және 56 бұрын шылым шекпегендер. Алдыңғы жыл бойы асқынулардың орташа саны 10.1±6.1 құрады. Елу пациент (47,2%) ED шығарылды, қалғандары госпитализацияланды немес басқа ауруханаларға ауыстырылды. 15 науқастың орташа жасы 76.13±12.03 жас (p = 0.002) қарқынды терапия бөлімшесіне ауыстырылды, осыдан 8 шылым шегушілермен 42.88 ± 7.58 жас шылым шегу орташа ұзақтығымен болды. Қалған пациенттер үшін осы мерзім 35.26±11.12 жасты (p=0.035) құрады. Қарқынды терапия және ED бөлімшесінде 11 өлім–жітім жағдайлары (10.37%) анықталды. 9 пациент олар қандай препараттармен амбулаториялық емделгені есінде жоқ (p=0.026). Алдыңғы жылға асқынулардың орташа жиілігі 14.45 ± 5.7 жас (p=0.008) болды. Он науқас инвазиялық емес механикалық желдетпе алды, осылардың біреуі өлген. Зерттеуге қатысушылардың бірде біреуі вакцинация алмаған. Шылым шегу аурудың ең маңызды этиологиялық факторы болды. Қорытынды: өкпенің созылмалы обструктивті ауруының жыл сайынғы асқынуы жиілігін төмендетудің негізгі әдісін біз анықтадық, ол пациенттердің білімі мен олармен өзара әрекет етуі болып табылады. Құрама ингаляциялық терапия асқынулар жиілігі төмендейді және монотерапиямен салыстырғанда пациентетрді шығару көрсеткіштері артады., Наука и здравоохранение, Выпуск 1 (21) 2019

Edge harmonic index He(G) of the (chemical) graph G is based on the end-vertex degrees of edges of the line graph L(G). In this paper, the generalized formula and an algorithm (pseudocode) are given for edge harmonic index. The aim of this paper is to develop edge harmonic index for generalized carbon nanocones. © 2018 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Union of Chemists in Bulgaria.

50th European-Society-of-Human-Genetics (ESHG) Conference -- MAY 27-30, 2017 -- Copenhagen, DENMARK, WOS:000489312607092, [No Abstract Available], European Soc Human Genet

For data collection, a descriptive information form, the Overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-V8), the Incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ-7), urinary diaries and the 24 h pad test were administered. Assessments were done in two steps (prior to treatment and 3 months after treatment). It was found that the necessity of urination, number of urinations during day and night, and overactive bladder questionnaire scores of the experiment group were significantly lower after treatment; while there were no differences between groups in terms of pad test results. It was concluded that foot reflexology, which was added to medicine and behaviour treatment, reduced most of urinary symptoms and affected quality of life positively in women with overactive bladder complaints.