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The empowerment as well as welfare impact of the implementation of the Feminisation of Poverty Alleviation Program (PFK Program) on its beneficiaries – the underprivileged Female Household Heads (KRTPs)- in East Java, can be considered as range from low to moderate. In this, there is a need for furthering the empowerment impact of the program, which can be done, amongst other, through the adoption a social business model, namely Business Model Canvas (BMC). This study aims to examine key partners’ role in supporting the adoption of Business Model Canvas (BMC) elements for a government-initiated entrepreneurship program at the grass-roots level. The study employs qualitative case study research using observation, document analysis and interviews with 98 key partners in four districts (Banyuwangi, Lamongan, Nganjuk, and Trenggalek). The key partners are divided into three categories, namely local governments, KRTPs, and local institutions/communities. The study finds that to further the empowerment impact of the PFK Program, Trenggalek is the readiest among the four districts, followed by Nganjuk, Lamongan, and Banyuwangi, to adopt Business Model Canvas (BMC). It is further argued that the application of Business Model Canvas (BMC) can contributed to an adequate description of key partners’ readiness to support the program by establishing the customer segments, value propositions, channels, revenue streams, customer relationships, key resources, and managing the cost structure that accelerate the role of key partners in moving towards social entrepreneurship.

This study aimed to determine the negotiation model and system of tourism partnership between the local government and the private sector to develop the “Wisata Bahari Lamongan” (WBL). This research used the qualitative method and negotiation theory part of public diplomacy. This research found that the negotiation and collaboration system used was the Public-Private partnership model with a built/operate/transfer (BOT) system. The private sector was allowed to build tourism facilities according to specified specifications. Then, the facility was built and operated by a private party for 25 years. After the period ended, Wisata Bahari Lamongan ownership was transferred to the local government.

Democratic governance has been seen as a catalyst for inclusive growth and meaningful development in many countries. Shifting from authoritarian rule to more democratic rule has also been seen as essential for many governments worldwide. Democratic governance is often a problem for developing countries, including most African countries and particularly The Gambia. This paper analyses the shift towards a more democratic governance style that is heated debated in The Gambia. The debate started when one of the coalition government members asserted that they could achieve regime change; however, a democratic system change remains lacking. This paper has sought to analyze whether the shift toward a more democratic leadership style in The Gambia is one of system change or regime change and ascertain what has democratically changed and bad governance in the new government. This article's main objective is to create political awareness and enlighten the readers on the change's misconceptions towards democratic governance. The discussion focuses on democratic governance and the collective action theory of governance to explain the democratic process in New Gambia. This study adopts qualitative case study research methods; the research employed a systematic review of the existing scholarly journal articles, books, newspapers, and television interview recordings. The observation used to identify, understand, and interpret the democratic governance situation in The Gambia from 2017 to 2019. The findings show that the coalition government has succeeded in achieving a democratic regime change; however, the democratic system change itself is too slow, or it is not happening. For the first time in The Gambia's history, a seating president defeat through the ballot box. In conclusion, the democratic governance system change is far-fetched. It is vital to state that there is little or no difference between Jammeh's regime and the current regime under President Barrow's leadership. Th

This study examines the caring of the children of migrant workers through community parenting, which is one of the pillars of Program Desa Migran Produktif (Desmigratif) or the Productive Migrant Village Program in Pa- ringan Village, Ponorogo. This research used a qualitative approach. This research found that the parenting done through the ParingArt community has impacted positively on the children of the migrant workers in Paringan village. Specifically, the children who join the ‘ParingArt Community’ enjoy a different environment (and a different way of caring) which has led to dif- ferent feelings, attitudes and behaviours. The children are now more focused on positive activities that can encourage them to produce a masterpiece of art, rather than juvenile children who lack a sense of care.

This paper explores the paradigmatic intersections between ‘inclusive development' and the ‘feminisation of poverty'. Intersections are typical in the development subject, with the extent of the efficacy of inclusive development enabling opportunities addressing gender equality. In the emergent synthesis of inclusive (economic) growth and strategies for poverty alleviation, the challenges and opportunities associated with the paradigmatic shifts are evident. This is the case in the programs that are directed at the women household heads, such as Program Penanggulangan Feminisisasi Kemiskinan or the Feminisation of Poverty Alleviation Program (PFK) in East Java. This paper is based on the research on the implementation of PFK in the Regions of Trenggalek, Lamongan, Nganjuk and Banyuwangi. It highlights the importance of delving deeper into the processes involved and how the program has facilitated economic empowerment through entrepreneurship. Using qualitative research methods involving observation, analysis of relevant documents, and interview with a total of 98 informants, this research finds that in targeting the women household heads as its beneficiaries, the PFK has enabled unforeseen gains in terms of giving a voice to women and heralding a change in their participation and inclusion in relation to community issues and activities. This research also finds that, there is the challenges associated with program's sustainability. In this, we conclude that, the issue of whether a one-off cash transfer, though guided, can serve as an impetus for women to lift themselves out of poverty is dependent on a number of factors that requires a more holistic approach to the sustainable capacity of development and mentorship.

This thesis explores the relationship between bureaucratic reforms and development in Indonesia. It examines the validity of the reform ideology that is calling for bureaucracy to become more citizen/community focused. In so doing, it presents a case study of the implementation of the National Program for Community Empowerment Urban (PNPM-Urban), a community driven and an inclusive development measure in Surabaya. In relation to bureaucratic reform, an inherent tension arises within bureaucracy between stasis (keeping the traditional characteristic and status quo) and change (reform). Furthermore, since the bureaucratic reform process, which began in the 1990’s, this tension has been exacerbated by the call for the bureaucracy to find an appropriate place for itself relative to the new and evolving context of inclusive, community-driven development. That is, bureaucracy is expected to not only engage with development but to also champion the changes. In this sense, in the implementation of PNPM-Urban in Surabaya, the bureaucracy is called upon to shift its modus operandi as well as its organisational culture, values, mindset and behaviour to become more a facilitator than the implementer or medium of development. The research findings, however, highlight the fact that democratic governance, the framework of bureaucratic reform and the paradigm of inclusiveness also open a contentious space for reconsidering the value attached to local or community development. Too often, democratic governance assumes that all actors, ‘ordinary citizens’ and bureaucrats alike, are to participate. Underlying this, however, is the concern with the key premise of the inclusive development paradigm – that the ‘powerless’ members of community are able to be involved and participate in the overall process. However, this process can also create different kinds of expressions of powerlessness. As the case study illustrates, reforming bureaucracy so that it is decentralised, democratised and