16 results on '"Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth"'
Search Results
2. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the virulence inducing effect of ciprofloxacin on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
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Kijewski, Anne Cecilie Riihonen, primary, Witsø, Ingun Lund, additional, Sundaram, Arvind Y. M., additional, Brynildsrud, Ola Brønstad, additional, Pettersen, Kristin, additional, Anonsen, Eirik Byrkjeflot, additional, Anonsen, Jan Haug, additional, and Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, additional
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- 2024
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3. High‐Quality Genomic DNA Extraction Protocol for Bacillus and Clostridium Species.
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Mekonnen, Yohannes Beyene, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, and Zegeye, Ephrem Debebe
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- 2024
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4. The role of endospore appendages in spore–spore interactions in the pathogenic Bacillus cereus group.
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Jonsmoen, Unni Lise, Malyshev, Dmitry, Sleutel, Mike, Kristensen, Elise Egeli, Zegeye, Ephrem Debebe, Remaut, Han, Andersson, Magnus, and Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth
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FOOD spoilage ,FOOD poisoning ,SPORES ,FOOD production ,FOOD supply ,BACILLUS cereus - Abstract
Species within the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, known for their spore‐forming ability, are recognized for their significant role in food spoilage and food poisoning. The spores of B. cereus are adorned with numerous pilus‐like appendages, referred to as S‐ENAs and L‐ENAs. These appendages are thought to play vital roles in self‐aggregation, adhesion, and biofilm formation. Our study investigates the role of S‐ENAs and L‐ENAs, as well as the impact of various environmental factors on spore‐to‐spore contacts and the interaction between spores and vegetative cells, using both bulk and single‐cell approaches. Our findings indicate that ENAs, especially their tip fibrillae, play a crucial role in spore self‐aggregation, but not in the adhesion of spores to vegetative cells. The absence of L‐BclA, which forms the L‐ENA tip fibrillum, reduced spore aggregation mediated by both S‐ENAs and L‐ENAs, highlighting the interconnected roles of S‐ENAs and L‐ENAs. We also found that increased salt concentrations in the liquid environment significantly reduced spore aggregation, suggesting a charge dependency of spore‐spore interactions. By shedding light on these complex interactions, our study offers valuable insights into spore dynamics. This knowledge can inform future studies on spore behaviour in environmental settings and assist in developing strategies to manage bacterial aggregation for beneficial purposes, such as controlling biofilms in food production equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. The role of endospore appendages in spore-spore contacts in pathogenic bacilli
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Jonsmoen, Unni Lise, primary, Malyshev, Dmitry, additional, Sleutel, Mike, additional, Kristensen, Elise Egeli, additional, Zegeye, Ephrem Debebe, additional, Remaut, Han, additional, Andersson, Magnus, additional, and Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, additional
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- 2024
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6. Short communication: Evaluation of spore-former presence in caseinate, cheese and whey powders
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Finton, Misti, Skeie, Siv Borghild, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Franklin Alming, Fiona, Mekonnen, Yohannes Beyene, and Porcellato, Davide
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- 2025
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7. A novel class of ultra-stable endospore appendages decorated with collagen-like tip fibrillae
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Remaut, Han, primary, Sleutel, Mike, additional, Zegeye, Ephrem Debebe, additional, Llarena, Ann-Katrin, additional, Pradhan, Brajabandhu, additional, Fislage, Marcus, additional, O'Sullivan, Kristin, additional, and Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, additional
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- 2023
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8. High diversity in the regulatory region of Stx-converting bacteriophage genomes
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Lindback, Toril, primary, Fagerlund, Annette, additional, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, additional, and Wegrzyn, Grzegorz, additional
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- 2021
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9. Risk ranking and source attribution of food- and waterborne pathogens for surveillance purposes
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Skjerdal, Olaug Taran, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Jore, Solveig, Kapperud, Georg, Melby, Kjetil Klaveness, Møretrø, Trond, Myrmel, Mette, Nesbakken, Truls, Robertson, Lucy, and Strachan, Norval
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- 2021
10. Risk ranking and source attribution of food- and waterborne pathogens for surveillance purposes. Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment
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Skjerdal, Olaug Taran, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Jore, Solveig, Kapperud, Georg, Melby, Kjetil Klaveness, Møretrø, Trond, Myrmel, Mette, Nesbakken, Truls, Robertson, Lucy, and Strachan, Norval
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VDP::Klinisk veterinærmedisinske fag: 950 ,Klinisk veterinærmedisinske fag: 950 [VDP] ,Clinical veterinary sciences: 950 [VDP] ,VDP::Clinical veterinary sciences: 950 - Published
- 2021
11. Oppdatert kunnskap om det zoonotiske potensialet av skrantesjuke ved håndtering av slakt og konsum av kjøtt. Vitenskapelig uttalelse fra faggruppen for hygiene og smittestoffer i Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø
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Tranulis, Michael A., Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Kapperud, Georg, Pahnke, Jens, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Jore, Solveig, Melby, Kjetil Klaveness, Møretrø, Trond, Nesbakken, Truls, Robertson, Lucy, and Skjerdal, Olaug Taran
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Slaughtering ,VDP::Andre landbruksfag: 919 ,Other agricultural sciences: 919 [VDP] ,Slakting ,Andre landbruksfag: 919 [VDP] ,Kjøttkvalitet ,Skrantesyke ,Risikovurdering ,VDP::Other agricultural sciences: 919 ,Chronic wasting disease ,Zoonoser ,Zoonoses ,Flesh quality ,Reinsdyr ,Reindeer ,Risk assessment - Published
- 2021
12. Polymerase chain reaction fails to detect Listeria species from wild and cultured Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caught from a large freshwater lake in Zambia.
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Mpundu, Prudence, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Muleya, Walter, Mukumbuta, Nawa, Muma, John Bwalya, and Munyeme, Musso
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POLYMERASE chain reaction , *NILE tilapia , *LAKE ecology , *LISTERIA , *FISH growth , *PHENOTYPES - Abstract
Fish have been identified as suitable vehicles for transmitting Listeria species to humans. Therefore, the thrust of this study was to determine possible Listeria species likely to circulate in freshly caught Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a large freshwater body. Accordingly, 150 Nile tilapia were sampled on landing. Of this number, half (n=75) were wild caught, while the other half (n=75) were from cage culture farms. All the sampled tilapia fish were independently caught from the same lake. Skin surfaces and gills were the only points sampled to restrict sites swabbed to those in contact with the environment. Swabs were processed using standard bacteriological culturing and identification tests. Only 2% (3/150) of the samples on culture and biochemical tests were presumptively Listeria. However, on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), none yielded any noticeable results. None-detection of Listeria species on PCR may, in part, indicate the absence or undetectable levels in freshwater bodies. The detection of presumptive Listeria species phenotypically indicates possible contaminants other than Listeria. Our study has inherent limitations since it restricted itself to identifying contamination based on the fish's growth environment. We recommend determining the pathogen by incorporating enteric organs or whole fish analysis to increase isolation rates based on the current results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. The impact of disinfection stressors on Listeria monocytogenes in challenge testing of foods
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Sæbø Pettersen, Kristin, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Wasteson, Yngvild, Haugland Moen, Lena, and Skjerdal, Taran
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Foodborne pathogens ,Listeria monocytogenes - Abstract
Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis (Schlech et al., 1983; Cartwright et al., 2013). The mortality rate can exceed 25% and listeriosis has the highest proportion of hospitalisation cases of all zoonotic diseases under EU surveillance (EFSA, 2017). L. monocytogenes infections are most commonly reported in people over 64 years old. The trend for an increase in foodborne listeriosis has been attributed to the rising proportion of older people, along with the higher consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) food products (Cartwright et al., 2013; EFSA, 2017; Rossi et al., 2008).[...), The study and project description was financially supported by the Norwegian Research Funding for Agriculture and Food Industry (grant no. 207765) and the Norwegian Research Council (grant No 221663/F40 and 256259).
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- 2020
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14. Giardia og Cryptosporidium i norsk drikkevann. Vitenskapelig uttalelse fra faggruppen for hygiene og smittestoffer i Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø
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Robertson, Lucy, Jore, Solveig, Lund, Vidar, Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Skjerdal, Olaug Taran, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Kapperud, Georg, Møretrø, Trond, and Nesbakken, Truls
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- 2020
15. Bacillus weihenstephanensis samkulturert med Pseudomonas spp. og Paenibacillus lactis i kjølelagret melk : vekst og produksjon av kvalitetsforringende komponenter
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Larsen, Maiken Jeanette, Porcellato, Davide, and Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth
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Mikrobiologi ,cereulide ,Bacillus cereus ,Bacillus weihenstephanensis ,Pseudomonas ,Melk - Abstract
Sammensetningen av den psykotrofe bakteriefloraen i melk endres over tid og påvirkes blant annet av årstid, kjøletemperatur og tidspunkt i holdbarhetsperioden. Hensikten med denne oppgaven var å undersøke hvordan Bacillus weihenstephanensis i samkultur med Pseudomonas spp. og Paenibacillus lactis, påvirker uttrykking av kvalitetsforringende komponenter i melk ved ulike temperaturer. Hovedfokus var proteolytisk aktivitet, men det ble også undersøk om samkultivering hadde en innvirkning på vekst hos bakterier sammenlignet med enkeltkultur. Bacillus weihenstephanensis produksjon av det emetiske toksinet cereulid ble også undersøkt. UHT-melk ble inokulert med Bacillus weihenstephanensis i samkultur med Pseudomonas spp. og Paenibacillus lactis. Inokulert melk ble lagret ved to ulike temperaturer: 8- og 15°C gjennom tre gjentak. Det ble tatt ut mikrobielle og kjemiske prøver ved dag 1, 2 og 5 for melk lagret ved 15°C, og ved dag 2, 4, 7 og 14 for melk lagret ved 8°C. Prøvene ble analysert for bakterievekst, peptid- og proteinnedbrytning, pH-verdi, kvantifisering av karbohydrater og organiske syrer samt deteksjon og kvantifisering av cereulid. Resultatene viste at vekst av Pseudomonas dominerte i samtlige melkeprøver, ved siste uttak. Da Pseudomonas var samkultivert med Bacillus weihenstephanensis MC67 ved 8°C, førte dette til lavere vekst av Bacillus weihenstephanensis MC67. Sammenlignet med total bakteriekonsentrasjon i samkulturer ble det ikke avdekket vesentlig høyere proteolytisk aktivitet. Pseudomonas dominerer i melk gjennom kjølelagring og kan hemme veksten av andre psykotrofe bakterier. Melken i dette forsøket ble inokulert med like mengder bakterier ved start. Slik er det derimot ikke naturlig i melk. Forslag til videre forskning omhandlende kan være å inokulere med ulike mengdeforhold av bakterier. Siden melken kjølelagres ved 4°C, kunne det vært hensiktsmessig å utføre lignende forsøk ved lavere temperaturer. The composition of the psycotrophic bacterial flora in milk, changes over time and is influenced by factors like season, cold storage temperature and storage time. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Bacillus weihenstephanensis in co-culture with Pseudomonas spp. and Paenibacillus lactis, affects the expression of spoilage components under growth in cold storage milk. The main focus was proteolytic activity, but it was also investigated whether co-cultivation had an effect on Bacillus weihenstephanensis production of the emetic toxin cereulide. UHT milk was inoculated with Bacillus weihenstephanensis in co-culture with Pseudomonas spp. and Paenibacillus lactis. Inoculated milk was stored at two different temperatures: 8- and 15 °C through three replicates. Microbial and chemical samples were taken on day 1, 2 and 5 for milk stored at 15°C and at day 2, 4, 7 and 14 for milk stored at 8°C. Samples were analyzed for bacterial growth, peptide and protein degradation, pH, quantification of carbohydrates and organic acids, as well as detection and quantification of cereulide. The results showed that growth of Pseudomonas dominated in all milk samples, at last withdrawal. When Pseudomonas was co-cultivated with Bacillus weihenstephanensis MC67 at 8°C, this resulted in lower growth of Bacillus weihenstephanensis MC67. Compared with total bacterial concentration in co-cultures, significantly higher proteolytic activity was not detected. Pseudomonas dominates milk through cold storage and can out grow other psychotrophic bacteria. The milk in this experiment was inoculated with equal amounts of bacteria at the start. However, it is not like that in the natural environment in milk. Suggestions for further research on co-cultivation may be to inoculate with different amounts of bacteria. Since the milk in the dairy industry is cooled at 4°C, it could be expedient to perform similar experiments at lower temperatures. Tine SA M-MAT
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- 2018
16. Functional characterization of the germination receptors in the spore-forming species Bacillus licheniformis
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Borch-Pedersen, Kristina, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Lindbäck, Toril, Mellegård, Hilde, and Granum, Per Einar
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High pressure ,fungi ,Bacillus licheniformis ,Spore germination ,Germination receptors ,Food safety - Abstract
The food industry experience extensive losses worldwide due to food spoilage caused by microbial activity. Endospore-forming bacteria, such as members of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium, are becoming increasingly problematic to the food industry due to a growing consumer demand for mildly processed foods with a fresh quality. Bacterial endospores (spores) exist in a morphological unique life state in which they are extremely resistant to environmental insults (e.g. nutrient deprivation, heat, irradiation and harmful chemicals). Therefore contaminating spores will readily survive food-processing temperatures of ≤ 100 °C, which kills most vegetative bacteria. The spore-former Bacillus licheniformis is commonly isolated from both ingredients and the finished food products, and because of its high capacity to produce and excrete enzymes it is an important spoilage bacterium. It has also been reported to cause food poisoning related to the consumption of meat and vegetable dishes, rice dishes and infant formula. Spore germination is the essential step that allow spore-related food spoilage or disease, and coincidentally, it can be the key to spore elimination. There is currently little knowledge about spore germination in B. licheniformis despite its economic importance. The main goal of this thesis work was therefore to expand our understanding of how germination is triggered in B. licheniformis spores. Germination is generally triggered by the activation of germination receptors present in the inner membrane of the spore by specific nutrient molecules (often amino acids). This will initiate the cascade of events transforming the spore into a vegetative cell. The germination receptors are present in most endospore-forming bacteria, and are encoded by closely related gerA family genes. The work described in this thesis characterize the germination receptors found in B. licheniformis ATCC14580/DSM13 encoded by the gerA, gerK, ynd operons and the yndF2 orphan gene. By screening 20 different L-amino acids, we showed that L-alanine, L-cysteine or L-valine induced the strongest germination response in B. licheniformis spores. We found that both the GerA and Ynd germination receptors were necessary to induce an effective germination response to the tested L-amino acids, indicating cooperative interaction between these receptors. The GerA germination receptor was found to be essential for L-amino acid-induced germination, as any disruption in this operon completely abolished germination. The Ynd germination receptor contributed substantially to germination but was not essential, the germination efficiency was reduced by 40-60 % when the ynd operon was disrupted. GerK did not have a function in L-amino acid-induced germination, however, this receptor was necessary for the weak glucose-induced germination we observed. A closer study of the Ynd receptor was initiated, as the ynd operon differ from the most common, tricistronic operon organization of the gerA family genes, encoding the receptor’s A-, B- and C subunit. The ynd operon in B. licheniformis is pentacistronic, encoding the A-, B3-, B2-, C- and B1 subunit, respectively, and this atypical organization of the Ynd operon is highly conserved in B. licheniformis. In this study, we showed that deleting of one or two of the B subunits rendered the receptor non-functional. However, the Ynd receptor was capable of functioning when all three B subunits were deleted, demonstrating that the A subunit was sufficient for the cooperative interaction between Ynd and GerA. High pressures (80 MPa–600 MPa ≈ 790–5900 atm) induce spore germination in Bacillus spores. Moderately high pressures (80-300 MPa) induce germination by activating the germination receptors, however, different germination receptors display different high-pressure responsiveness. In B. licheniformis spores, the Ynd germination receptor contributed the most to high pressure-induced germination, unlike what was observed for nutrient-induced germination where GerA germination receptor seemed to be dispensable for high-pressure-induced germination. Pressure above 300 MPa are of commercial interest, and are known to trigger germination independent of the germination receptors. When B. licheniformis spores were exposed to very high pressures (550 MPa), the ability of the pressure to induce germination was temperature dependent. That is, only increasing the temperature to 60°C would result in pressure-induced spore germination and inactivation. På verdensbasis må en stor andel av den industriproduserte maten kastes på grunn av kvalitetsforringelse som følge av mikrobiell aktivitet. Dagens forbrukere ønsker i større grad matvarer som fremstår fersk og har lite tilsetningsstoffer. Dette fører til at såkalte sporedannere utgjør en økende problem for matindustrien. Sporedannere er bakterier, særlig fra slektene Bacillus og Clostridium, som danner endosporer (sporer). Sporene befinner seg i et unikt morfologisk stadium hvor de er ekstremt motstandsdyktige mot miljømessige utfordringer (f. eks næringsmangel, varme, stråling og kjemikalier). De er svært utbredt i naturen og finnes i store mengder i jord, derfor vil de enkelt kunne forurense matvarer og produksjonsutstyr. De aller fleste vegetative bakterieceller vil dø under mildere prosesseringsbetingelser med temperaturer ≤ 100 °C, men sporene vil overleve, vokse og føre til forringelse av matvarene og i verste fall matforgiftning. Bacillus licheniformis er en art som ofte finnes i råvarer og ferdige produkter. På grunn av artens evne til å danne store mengder enzymer, er B. licheniformis ofte knyttet til kvalitetsforringelse av matvarer. Arten har også vært knyttet til tilfeller av matforgiftning etter inntak av blant annet kjøtt og grønnsaksretter, risretter og morsmelkerstatning. Spiring (germinering) av sporene er helt essensielt for at sporene skal kunne forårsake kvalitetsforringelse av matvarer eller matbåren sykdom. I denne prosessen entrer sporene ut av det motstandsdyktige stadiet, og vil igjen bli sårbare for varme og andre påkjenninger. Hovedmålet i dette doktorgradsarbeidet var å beskrive hvordan germinering av B. licheniformis sporer initieres, ettersom det fra før av finnes svært begrenset kunnskap om denne artens germinering. Germinering trigges vanligvis når germineringsreseptorer i sporens indre membran aktiveres av næringsstoffer (oftest aminosyrer), og det igangsettes en prosess som omdanner sporen til en bakteriecelle igjen. Disse germineringsreseptorene finnes i nesten alle sporedannere, og kodes av nært beslektede gener tilhørende gerA familien. I våre studier har vi undersøkt funksjonen til germineringsreseptorene hvis gener finnes i genomet til B. licheniformis stamme ATCC14580/DSM13. Germineringsreseptorene kodes av operonene gerA, gerK og ynd, i tillegg til enkeltgenet yndF2. Aminosyrene L-alanin, L-cystein og L-valin trigger en effektiv germineringsrespons hos B. licheniformis, og våre funn viser at denne responsen er avhengig av at de to germineringsreseptorene GerA og Ynd er intakte i sporene, noe som tyder på at et samarbeid mellom disse to reseptorene. GerA reseptoren var den viktigste germineringsreseptoren for germinering i nærvær av aminosyrer ettersom sporene mistet evnen til å germinere dersom vi slo ut gerA operonet. Ynd reseptoren var ikke essensiell for at sporene skulle germinere, men var viktig for at germineringen skulle være optimal. GerK reseptoren hadde ingen funksjon i germineringsresponsen til aminosyrer, men var derimot viktig for germineringsresponsen i nærvær av glukose. Siden Ynd reseptoren viser en atypisk oppbygning sammenlignet med andre germineringsreseptorer, igangsatte vi videre studier av denne reseptoren. De fleste germineringsreseptorer er bygd opp av tre komponenter, nemlig A, B og C subenhetene. Ynd reseptoren derimot, kodes av ynd operonet som inneholder tre B subenhetgenene i tillegg til A og C subenhetgenene. Når ynd operonet manglet en eller to av de tre B subenhetgenene, opphører funksjonen av Ynd helt. Om alle tre B subenhetene mangler derimot, vil A subenheten fungere i samarbeid med GerA reseptoren. Høytrykk mellom 80 og 600 MPa (790–5900 atm) kan fremkalle sporegerminering i Bacillus arter. Moderat høytrykk (150 MPa) vil i likhet med næringsindusert germinering, aktivere germineringsreseptorene. Ulike germineringsreseptorer utviser ofte forskjellige grader av trykkfølsomhet. I motsetning til hva som ble observert i forsøkene med næringsindusert germinering, viste det seg at Ynd reseptoren var den mest trykkfølsomme reseptoren og bidro mest til høytrykksindusert germinering av sporer. I industriell sammenheng er høytrykk over 500 MPa interessante, og kan indusere en germineringsrespons i sporer som skjer uavhengig av germineringsreseptorene. I våre forsøk kunne B. licheniformis sporer kun germinere under trykk på 550 MPa, om vi økte temperaturen til 60 °C. Disse betingelsene ga også en effektiv inaktivering av sporene.
- Published
- 2017
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